See Labbe, Conc.vi'u 1590.
8. In the autumn oC the year 849 a council convened at Paris, which was composed of twenty- two bishops from the provinces of Tours, Sens, Kheims, and Kouen. These prelates addressed a letter to Nomenoi, the duke of Bretagne, concerning his proceedings in the Council of Rennes in the preceding year, on which occasion he had taken for his own use the property of the Church, which, they stated, was the patrimony of the poor. He had driven the lawful occupiers from their sees, and had put mercenaries and thieves in their places ; and he had favored the revolt of Lambert, coimt of Nantes, against king Charles. See Labbe, Cone, viii, 58.
9. The ne.xt important ecclesiastical synod at Paris was held Oct. 16, 1050, in the presence of king Henry I. Many bishops attended. A letter from Beranger was read, which gave great offence to the council, and he was condemned, together with his accomplices — also a book by John Scotus upon the Eucharist, whence the errors which they had condemned were taken. The council declared that if Beranger and his followers would not retract, the whole army of France, with the clergy at their head in their orclesiastical vestments, would march to find them, wherever they might be, and would besiege them, until they should submit to the Catholic faith, or should be taken in order to be put to death. See Vekceil, Council ok (1050). See Labbe, Co7ic. ix, 1059.
10. Some time after Easter, 1147, a synod was con- vened at Paris by pope Eugenius HI. Many cardinals and learned men attended it. The errors of Gilbert de Poiree, bishop of Poitiers, upon the subject of the Trin- ity, were examined; two doctors, Adam of Petit Pont and Hugo of Champtlenri, attacking him vigorously. He was accused chiefly on the four following grounds :
1. "Quod videlicet assereret Divinam Essentiam non esse Deum." (That the Divine Kssence was not God.)
2. "Quod propiietales iiersonanim uou eseent ipsie person.'B." (That the properties of the Diviue Persons were not the Persons themselves.)
3. "Quod theologicai peisonas in nulla prtedicarentnr propositione." (Tliat the Diviue Persons aie not an at- tribute, in any sense.)
4. "Quod Divina Natura non esset iucaruata." (That the Divine Nature was not incarnate.)
St. Bernard, who was present, disputed with Gilbert; but the pope, in default of certain evidence, deferred the decision of the question to a council to be held in the year following. See Labbe, Cone, x, 1105, 1121.
11. A synod was held in 1186. It was an assembly of all the French archbishops, bishops, and chief seign- eurs, whom the king, Philip Augustus, desired to exhort his subjects to make the voyage to Jerusalem in defence of the Catholic faith. See Labbe, Cone, x, 1747.
12. In another council, held three years afterwards by the same king, the iiayment of the Saladine tenth was ordered, i.e. the tenth of every one's revenue and goods lor the succor of the Holy Land. See Labbe, Cone, x, 1763.
13. The next important Parisian council was held in 1201 by Octavian,the jiopc's legate, assisted by several bishops. Evraud of Nevers, the governor of the dis- trict, said to have been one of the Vaudois, was convict- ed of heresy; and having been carried to Nevers, was there burned. See Labbe, Cone, xi, 24.
14. A council was held in 1210, in which the errors of Amauri, lately dead, were condemned, and fourteen of his followers sentenced to be burned. Also Aristotle's Afcl(ip/i//sics, which had been brought to Paris and trans- lated into Latin, shared the same fate; and a decree was published forbidding the book to be transcribed, read, or kept, iiiuier pain of excommunication.— Labbe, Cone, xi, 49.
15. In 1213 Robert de Cour^on, cardinal and legate, whom the pope had sent into France to preach the Crusade, convened a synod at Paris. Several canons of discipline were published, which are divided into four parts.
Part I refers to the secular clergy, aud contains twenty canons.
1. Enjoins modesty of deportment ; that the hair be kept cut short; forbids talking iu church.
9. Forbids to employ a priest to say ma.ss who is un- known, except he have letters from his own bishop.
13. Forbids the division of benefices and prebends.
14. Forbids the temporary or permanent appointment of rural deans in consideration of money received.
IS). Forbids to possess more thau one benefice with the cure of souls.
Part II relates to the regulars, aud contains twenty- seven canons.
1. Forbids to take money from any one entering upon the monastic state. Forbids monks to possess property.
2. Forbids to receive any one into the religious life un- der eighteen years ot age.
3. Enjoins bishops to cause the suspicions little doors found in abbeys or priories to be blocked up.
4 aud 5. Exhort to charity and hospitality towards the poor.
9. Forbids monks to wear white leather gloves, fine shoes aud stockings, etc., like those used by the laity; to use any other cloth save while or black ; aud to dine out of the refectory.
Part HI relates to nuns, etc., also to abbots, abbesses, etc., and contains twenty-one canons.
3. Forbids mins to leave their convent in order to visit their relations, except for a very short time ; and directs that then they shall have an attendant with them.