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Torquemada (Lat. Turrecremata'), Juan de, a, celebrated Spanish Dominican, was born at Valladolid in 1388. He became a friar in 1403 ; accompanied his superior to the Council of Constance in 1417; graduated from the University of Paris in 1424; taught theology there; was admitted doctor of the Sorbonne in 1429; and was successively chosen prior of the Dominican con- vents of Valladolid and Toledo. In 1131 he was sent by pope Eugenius IV to the Council of Basle, where he strenuously supported the court of IJome, and contrib- uted to the condemnation of the doctrines of Wycliffe and Huss. He attended, in 1439, the Council of Florence as papal commissary, and was foremost in drawing up the "'articles of reunion" between the (ireek and Latin churches, and received from the pope the title of "de- fender of the faith." He was created cardinal Dec. 18, 1439; and in the year following attended, in the pope's name, the Council of Bourges, where he kept the French prelates on the side of the pope. He became bishop of Palestrina in 1455, and of Sabina in 1404. His death took place at Rome, Sept. 20, 1468. His principal works are, Meditatioites Joannis de Turrecremata, etc. (Rome, 1407, fob; Augsburg, 1472, fol.; and many later editions): — QucEstiones Spiritualis Conviuii Dvlicias Pra-fertntes super Erangeliis (Rome, 1477, fol.; Nuremburg, 1478) : — Commentarii in Decrctum Gratiani (Lyons, 1519, 6 vols. fol. ; Venice, 1578; Rome, 1726). Many other of his writings remain • unpublished. See Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, s. v,
Torquemada, Tomas de, the first inquisitor- general of Spain, was born in 1420,and was a monk of the Order of St. Dominic at Torquemada, Spain, and prior of the monastery of Santa Cruz at Segovia. He was ap- pointed by Ferdinand and Isabella inquisitor-general in 1483; and confirmed in that post Oct. 17 of that year by pope Innocent VIII, who gave him the title of "con- fessor of sovereigns." In the course of sixteen years he gave to the Hames no less than eight thousand eight hundred victims, besides executing nearly as many in effigy, condemning ninety thousand to perpetual impris- onment and other severe punishments, and expelling from Spain above eight hundred thousand Jews. In his later years his authority was curtailed by the ap- pointment of four colleagues bj' order of pope Alexan- der VI. He died at Avila, Sept. 16, 1498. See Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, s. v,
Torre, Lelio della, professor in the Rabbinic Col- lege at Padua, was born in the year 1804. When six- teen years of age he was teacher in Turin, and in 1826 he was appointed preacher there. When, in 1827, the Rabbinical school was opened at Padua, he was ap- pointed one of its professors. He died July 9, 1872. Torre wrote in German, Italian, French, and Hebrew. Of his publications we mention. Specchio, ossia Tavola Senottica delle Conjtigazioni Elraiche secondo le Regale- deW A nalogia, etc. (Padua, 1828) ■.—Cinque Discorsi detti in Padova, con Annotazioni (ibid. 1834): — Delia Soci- alita della Legge Mosaica (ibid. 1836) : — Della Condi- zione degli Ebrei sotto V Imperio Germanico nel Medio Evo (ibid. 1842) :— C-'bnr 'o, / Salmi Volgarizzaii svl Testo Massoretico, ed Illustrati con .4 rgomenti e Note (Vi- enna, 1845): — ni3X "^pIS, Sentenze dei Padre. Nuovo Traduzione, etc. (2d ed. Padua, 1862). See Flirst, Bibl. Jud. iii, 435 sq. ; Kayserling, Bibliothek fiidischer Kan- zelredner, in Uomiletisches u. Iitera7'isches Beiblatt to the second vol. (Berlin, 1872), p. 58; Servi, in Educa- tore IsracUlico, Jidy 15, 1872. (B. P.)
Torrentitis {Van der Bekcii), L.evinus, a Flemish Roman Catholic divine, was born at Ghent in 1525. Kducated first at Louvain, he went thence to Bologna, in order to study civil law and antiquities. There he so distinguished himself by his skill in polite literature, especially poetry, that he became known to the literati of Europe. He took holy orders, and was at length raised to the bishopric of Antwerp. Hence he was
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translated to the metropolitan church of ^Mechlin, where he died, in loS'S. Torreiitius I'oiiiided a college of .Jes- uits at LoLivaiii, to which he left his library, coins, ■oce. Besides Ia^iHii Poems ( Antwerp, 1594 ; printed bv Planlin ), he wrote Commentaries upon Suetonius (1592) and Horace (1608, 4to). See Chalmers, Biog. Diet. s. V.
Torrey, Joseph, D.D., a Congregational divine, Was born at IJowlev, ^lass., Feb. 2, 1797: and gradnate<l at Dartmouth College in 1816. After studying theol- ogy at Andover, he became in 1819 pastor of a Congre- gational Church at Koyalton, Yt. In 1827 he accepted the professorship of (Ireek and Latin in the University of Vermont, which position he retained until 1842, when he was chosen professor of intellectual and moral phi- losophy. This ciiair he occupied until his death, at Burlington, Vt., Nov. 26, 1867. He was president of the university from 1863 to 1865. Jlr. Torrey was the au- thor of a postliimious volume of Lectures : — A Theory of A rt (1875") : — editor of the Remains of President James Marsh (l.S4o): — Helect Sermons of' President Worthinr/- ton Smith (1861); to both of which he prefixed care- fully pre|iared Memoirs: — and translator of Ncander's (I'enei-al History of the Christian Religion and Church (Boston. 1854, 5 vols.). See Allibone, Z)2cf. of Brit, and A mer. A uthors, s. v.