(1810, 8v()) : — Tlistorical View of the Protestant Dissenters in Enyland under Kiii'i William (1814, 8vo) : — besides single sermons, works on baptism, etc. See Allibone, Diet, of Brit, und A vier. A uthors, s. v. ; Darling, Ci/cloj). Biblioi/. s. v.
Toulouse, Councils of (Concilium Tolosanuni). These councils were held in Toidouse, a city of France, capital of the department of Hantc-(iaroiine, and situ- ated on the (iaronne. It has in it the very remarkable Church of St. Sernin, a masterpiece of Romanesque ar- chitecture, recently restored by Viollet-Leduc. The Church of the Cordeliers was erected in the 13th cen- tury, and destroyed by fire in 1871.
I. The first Council of Toulouse was held Sept. 13, 1056, eighteen bishops being present. Rambaldus, arch- bishop of Aries, and Pontius, archbishop of Aix, pre- sided. Thirteen canons were published.
1. Forbids simony.
3. Forbids any fees for consecrating n Church.
4. Forbids all biiyinjr and sellinir nf Church piefennent.
5. Enacts that, if a clerk have entered upon the niouiis- tic state in order to obtain an abhacy, he shidl he com- pelled to continue the religious life, hut sliall be entirely excluded from the honor he coveted.
6. Orders ahbots to see that their monks follow the rule of St. Benedict in their miuuier of life, food, dress, etc. Any abbot or monk altering (.corn'gevtea) these inslitu- tions to be corrected by his own bishop.
7. Enjoins celibacy upon priests, deacons, and other clerks holding ecclesiastical dignities ; offenders to be deprived.
s. Forbids, nuder pain of excommunication, lay per- sons to apply Church projierty to their own use.
9. Forbids the laity to plunder I he effects of dead persons. 10 and 11. Relate to the payment of Church dues and
tithes.
18. Forbids, under pain of excomninidcation, all inter- course with heretics and excommunicated persons, unless for the purpose of converting them and bringing them back from tiieir evil ways.
In this council Berenger, viscount of Narbonne, made complaint of the conduct of archbishop Guifroi, accus- ing him of giving away the lands appertaining to the Church of Narbonne to those who had borne arms for him. The event of his complaint is unknown. See Mansi, Concil. ix, 1084.
II. The second council was held July 15, 1119, pope Calixtus II presiding, assisted by his cardinals, and the bishops and abbots of Languedoc, Gascony, and part of Spain. Ten canons were published.
1. Is directed against the buying and selling of holy orders or livings.
3. Is directed against the followers of Peter de Brni.«, a sect of Manichaians, ordering that the secular authori- ties stinll repress those who affect an extreme piety, con- demn the holy sacrament of CInist's body and hlood, in- fant baptism, the jiriestliood, and other ecclesiastical or- ders, and lawful miitriinony ; directs that they shall be driven out of the Chnrch as heretics.
5. Forbids to make slaves of free persons.
10. Excommunicates nnmks, canons, and other clerks who quit their profession, or who allow their beard and hair to grow after the fashion of the people of the world.
See Jlansi, x, 856.
III. Held in 1161, convoked by the kings of France and England, who were present. One hundred bish- ops and abbots of the two kingdoms attended, and sol- emnly recognised Alexander HI as pope, to the exclu- sion of Victor II. See INIansi. x, 1406.
IV. The Fourth Coimcil of Toulouse was held in Sep- tember, 1229. Tiie archbishops of Narbonne, Bordeaux, and Auch were present, with many other bishops and abbots, Raymond, coimt of Toulouse, with several lords, attended ; also the seneschal of Carcassone, and the two consuls of Toulouse. I<"orty-five canons were publish- ed for the extinction of heresy and the re-establishment of peace.
The first five enact that the archbishops, bishops, and exempted abbots shall appoint in every parish a priest and two or three laymen of good character, who shall take an oath constnnlly and minutely to search for here- tics in houses, caves, and every place in which they may he hidden ; and, having taken precautions that those whom they hnve discovered shall not escape, to report the fact to the bi^hop, the lord of the place, or his bailiff.
TOUP
500
TOURNON
0. Order? thnt the hixise in whicL any heretic shall be disciivered be destroyed.
S. Forbids to punish any one as a heretic before tlie bishop has given his sentence.
10. Orders thai lienuics who have ofthieir own accord recanted shall not be suffered to remain in ttieir own vil- ia-^es, l)nt shall be carried to some place free from all sus- picion of heresy; orders iliein to wear two crosses upon their dress; forbids to intrust them witli any public of- fice, etc.
11. Orders thnt such as pretend to be converted throngh fear of deaih, or from any other motive, shall be shut up, iu order that they may ne^'er again corrupt others.
12. Orders every man above fourteen years of age, and everv woman above twelve, to abjure heresy, to make opeii profession of the Romish faith, and to swear to hunt out the heretics. This to be repented every two ye.irs. Ilecivsauts to be loolccnl upon as heretics.
1.3. Requires- all persons arrivefl at years of discretion to confess to tli«ir own priest three times a yeiir, and to receive the holy comm-union at Christmas, ICaster, and Whitsuntide; those who neglect to do so to be consider- ed as heretics.