PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
Gnomon of the New Testament — Volume 4
Bengel, Johann Albrecht, 1687-1752 · 208,940 words · 469 reading sections
1 Thessalonians Ii. 8-13. 195
the style of its court apostolical. — rpopbi) a mother, and at the same time a nurse. Weigh well the expression, her own. The spiritual are analogous to the natural affections, ver. 1 1 ; 1 Tim. v. 1, 2. 8. Oiirwg, ipsipofAsvoi vpuv, evdoxov/Asv) and seeing that it was so, i.e. inasmuch as ive felt the strongest a…
402 wordsSECTION 18219G 1 Thessalonians Ii. 14-10.
Affection has rendered the language modal1 by adding thanks giving, — Kapahafovreg) KapaXapfidw signifies simply receiving; de^o/tai, includes also in the signification, pleasure and inclination in receiving.2 — ou Xoyov dvQpwruv, not the word of man) This is an explanation of what he just now said, " the word of G…
419 wordsSECTION 1831 Thessalonians Ii. 17-19. J97
understood by Tawsivuffis. — sig rb dva-rX^^wo'a/j that they may fill up) Obstinacy against receiving the word above all fills up the mea sure of sins. — avruv, their) the sins of the Jews. — ^avrorg) as always, so now also. — sis r'&Xog, [tending] to the end) A sad closing catastrophe [Engl. Vers. to the uttermost…
376 wordsSECTION 184Chapter Iii.
1. A/o {ATix'sri dreyovrec, wherefore no longer being able to forbear) This is resumed at ver. 5, as if after a parenthesis. — ,aovo/, alone) Observe how highly Timothy was esteemed, since at Timothy's departure Paul and Silas seemed to themselves to be alone, in asmuch as in a city altogether estranged from God. C…
338 wordsSECTION 185Chapter Iv.
10. Nuxrog, night) Alluding to his holy thoughts during the 2 Tim. i. 3. — ra uffrspyj^arce,, the things which are wanting) [the deficiency, that which is lacking]. Even the Thessa- lonians had points in which they were in need of improvement. 11. Auros, Himself) Both epistles to the Thessalonians have almost all …
327 wordsSECTION 186200 1 Thessalonians Iv. 4-6.
The mark of the subject. — ayiaff^bg V/IAUV, your sanctiftcation) The word, your [i.e. present sanctification, as contrasted with the past], recalls to the memory of the Thessalonians their former profane condition. Sanctification especially includes chastity. — d'Trb TTJS nopveias, from fornication) Exalted Christ…
428 wordsSECTION 1871 Thessalonians Iv. 7-11. 201
impurity and holiness alone. It is by a Euphemism that the apostle does not call it adultery. — sv r& irpdy^ari, in the matter or business) The article points out the particular business in hand at this or that time, 2 Cor. vii. 11. — afatybv, brother) The reason assigned (^Etiology) for avoiding the transgression …
421 wordsSECTION 188202 1 Thessalonians Iv. 12-15.
mersed in the world labour of their own accord. The admoni tion increases in force at 2 Thess. iii. 6, 7. 12. Evffxwovug, becomingly) Lest men should be able to say that Christianity leads to sloth and poverty. The opposite is the disorderly (unruly), v. 14 ; 2 Thess. iii. 6. — pvifavbs) of nothing, which you requ…
417 wordsSECTION 1891 Thessalonians Iv. 15. 203
matters connected with an altogether extraordinary subject, which would be in vain sought for elsewhere, are here discussed. — V. g.] qpeTsj we) The saints, by speaking thus in their own age, have greatly added to the obligation resting on those of following ages to look for the Lord. The we is presently explained …
447 wordsSECTION 190204 1 Thessalonians Iv. 16-18.
the end of the world. The present tense in both participles is in reference to [i.e. in order to suit] the coming of the Lord itself, as in Acts X. 42 [-ra^'/yg/Xst/ xqpv^ai on avrog Jtfr/v], and elsewhere frequently. Hence Paul has not hereby asserted that the day of Christ is so near ; see 2 Thess. ii. 2, 3. A s…
418 wordsSECTION 191Chapter V.
1. Hepi ruv xfovuv, of the times) When these things shall happen, which I have mentioned. Kaipoi, seasons, are parts xpovuv, of the times.1 — ou x>fs'av *%sr2> ye nav^ n° need) Those who watch do not require to be told when the hour will come ; for they are always ready. 2. 'rig xXtrtrqg, as a thief) 2 Pet. iii. 1…
359 wordsSECTION 192206 1 Tiiessalonians V. 6-10.
1 6. Ka/ vfitpupsv, and let us be sober) This denotes the state, avavjjpu, exvqpu, the act, 2 Tim. ii. 26 ; 1 Cor. xv. 34. — vqpu is a milder term. 7. MedvtrxofAevoi — ft&Qvovffiv, those who are drunken, are drunken) denotes the act, fjt,s6vu9 the state or habit ; so in — xad?.{jdovfft, the Ploce2 is apparent. For…
409 wordsSECTION 1931 Thessalonians V. 12-19. 207
12. 'Epurupev, we pray or beseech) Paul beseeches, making the cause of those labouring in the word as it were his own : an other verb follows, viz. cra^«%aXoi//x.£v, we exhort, ver. 14. — s/dsvai) to know, to have respect and a regard for ; a metonymy of the antecedent for the consequent. — xo-rr/wvrag, labouring) …
394 wordsSECTION 194208 1 Thessalonians V. 20-23.
20. npotpqrtiag, prophesyings) Which should be exercised more than the other gifts ; 1 Cor. xiv. 1, 39. — i^ efyuQsvsfre, do not despise) The other gifts were more showy. 21. navrce1) all things, viz. spiritual things, which, without any carelessness and undue curiosity, you may be liable to consider as in any way…
652 wordsSECTION 195210 1 Thessalonians V. 27.
1 The Germ. Vers. exhibits on the marg. this periphrasis of the pas sage : — " May your Spirit, i.e. you yourselves be most fully preserved ac cording to your spiritual state, which you have attained in respect both of soul and body." In accordance with this view, I may observe, is the fact, that Kvivpot is a heave…
687 wordsSECTION 196Chapter I.
usage," etc., Franz, de Interpret., p. 47. That would be indeed quite right. At present it is so much the more our duty to lament, that many esteem the dignity of the public assemblies of the Church to be greater only in proportion as the regard paid to Scripture is the less. — V. g.] 3. ' OpsiXoftiv, we are bound…
286 wordsSECTION 197214 2 Thessalonians I. 6-9.
cussed at ver. 6, 7. — sis rb xarafyudqvat) that you may be counted ivorthy) This clause is connected (coheres) with ye endure. — •JTrsp i}$} for which. The suffering (tfd<r%ers) makes them worthy of the kingdom. 6. Uapa ©sf), with God) Although good and bad men do not estimate the injuries done by the latter, and…
432 wordsSECTION 1982 Thessalonians I, 10. 215
may even denote good angels.1 Ex. xii. 23 ; 2 Sam. xxiv. 16. awtfov, the face) This face will be intolerable to them ; they shall not see it, but they shall be made to feel it. Face and glory are generally parallel. — /V^iW, of His might) Lay aside your fierceness (haughty confidence of ' might') ye wicked men ! …
433 wordsSECTION 1992 Thessalonians Ii. 2, 3. 217
When He shall come [not with gV/<rrgu^, was believed or accounted faithful]. 11. E/'g o, for which object) We strive for this in prayer. — ag/w<r?j, would make you worthy) There is no dignity in us before we are called, 2 Tim. i. 9. It is not until afterwards conferred upon us in that way, which is presently descr…
666 wordsSECTION 200218 2 Thessalonians Ii. 3.
He is guX«/3^7 reverently cautious, who comprehends well, and receives in a right spirit, the matter set before him, not with an unseasonable and foolhardy rashness, sachte, scheu, etc. EuXoc- j3s/a is shown in the fact, that Paul does not expressly say : The day of Christ does not come, unless, etc. He speaks mild…
412 wordsSECTION 2012 Thessalonians Ii. 3. 219
the appearance of the coming of Jesus Christ. — That evil is not only most widely extended, ver. 4, 10, 12, but also very long continued ; and although it rises up by various degrees, yet it is also continuous from its first beginnings (staminibus, threads in weaving the web) even to its end. Now already, says the …
407 wordsSECTION 202220 2 Thessalonians It. 3.
vicious humour is drawn together, and breaks out at length in one abscess. VII. The apostasy and the mystery of iniquity are a great evil. —The description of the evil in the abstract and concrete has different parts, and these mutually explain each other. Apos tasy is a falling away from the faith, and is clearly…
419 wordsSECTION 2032 Thessalonians Ii 3. 221
whose coming is according to the working of Satan, etc. These points we shall afterwards consider one by one. IX. The check is used indifferently in the masculine and neuter gender [o xars^wv and TO Kars^ov] : unless the neuter be put first in the text for this purpose, namely, in order that 6 xari^wv, He who hold…
439 wordsSECTION 204222 2 Thessalonians Ii. 3.
not, however, filled up that measure, they accounted Domitian, and the other emperors of a similar character, as a kind of com plement to make up the full measure of the evil. They cer tainly did not by this interpretation exhaust the prophecy ; but yet they attained to some part of the truth, namely, that some th…
406 wordsSECTION 2052 Thessalonians Ii. 3. 223
Iniquitous one [< Wicked']. The coming of the Iniquitous one [' Wicked?] is according to the working of Satan in all power, and signs, and lying ivonders, etc. This coming has not yet taken place, although its preludes are for a long time not wanting ; therefore the check still exists. And it is evident from this …
399 wordsSECTION 206224 2 Thessalonians Ii. 3.
from the bottomless pit. That beast has very much to do with the woman, who is Babylon, Rome. Sometimes it carries the woman, at length it destroys her with the assistance of the ten horns [Rev. xvii. 16]. The beast out of the sea is the papacy of Hildebrand ; but the beast from the bottomless pit, excepting the s…
428 wordsSECTION 2072 Thessalonians Ii. 3. 225
is peculiarly applicable to Rome, although it was long untainted by other heresies. The iniquity [atop/a, ver. 7] chiefly con sisted in the most deadly sin of pride, ver. 3, 4. The beginning of man's pride was his apostatizing from God ; since his heart withdrew itself from Him who made him. Fon* pride is the be g…
446 wordsSECTION 208226 2 Tiiessalonians It. 3.
sitteth, ver. 4] upon the altar [comp. in the temple, ver. 4], by princes acting as bearers. Their due praise remains undi- minished to the first bishops of Rome ; but yet in the progress of time, by gradual advances in spiritual and civil authority, according to the order in the text, the lineaments are to be seen…
418 wordsSECTION 2092 Thessalonians Ii. 3. 227
a thousand years between the destruction of the beast and the last day. But how 'mil these years be reconciled with the lan guage of Paul? Ans. Paul, looking back (referring here) to Daniel, as we shall afterwards see, at the same time implies those things, which are marked by the same prophet as about to happen b…
416 wordsSECTION 210228 2 Thessalonians Ii. 3.
generation of the Son as a thing then present [then vividly realized], as often soever as anything very worthy of the only- begotten of the Father occurs ; Acts xiii. 33, note. And thus it also represents [vividly presents to us] the glorious coming under the aspect of the judgments, which are altogether worthy of…
436 wordsSECTION 2112 Thessalon1Ans Ii. 4. 229
to destruction, and will himself go away to the deepest perdition, Rev. xvii. 8, 11. 4. 'O avrixsipsvog, x.r.\., who opposeth, etc.) The two preceding names correspond by direct antithesis to the name of Jesus. What follows correspond by antithesis to the majesty of Christ. So Dan. xi. 36, et seqq. : Ka/ u^w^<rsra…
441 wordsSECTION 212230 2 Thessalonians Ii. 5, 6.
civil power, and in both cases the highest degree of power. — g/£ rbv vaov ro\j ©sou, in the temple of God) in that temple of God which is mentioned, Rev. xi. 1. For in ver. 7 of that passage this adversary is the subject of discussion. — xaQitai, sitteth) by virtue of his authority? — atfodsixvvvra eavrbv, declari…
452 wordsSECTION 2132 Thessalonians Ii. 7, 8. 231
used absolutely, much less rb xare^ov : Kare^siv, is to detain, to delay, in LXX., Gen. xxiv. 56, ^ KaTs^srs fj,s, Hinder me not. On xaTs%ov, s/s ro --- , coming presently afterwards, depends. If there were not the rb xars^ov, the Wicked would be sooner revealed. — o'/dars, ye know) They knew from the present infor…
443 wordsSECTION 214232 2 Thessalonians Ii. 9-12.
the part of a man of violence. — 6 Kvpiog,1 the Lord) the Lord of lords, Rev. xix. 16. — r& irvs-j^arf rov croparoc auroD, by the breath [or rather, the Spirit] of His mouth) There also proceeds out of this mouth a sword (poppaia), Ib. ver. 15, 21. — ^ J^/pavs/a rSjg Kapovatag aurou, with the appearance of His comi…
417 wordsSECTION 2152 Thessalon1Ans Ii. 13~15. 233
13. Heel's ds, but we) Comfort after the prediction of mourn ful events. So 2 Tim. ii. 19. It may be said, What need was there of comfort at that time to the Thessalonians 1 Ans. The mystery of iniquity was even then in operation ; and instruction may be equally derived from the distant future, as from the remote …
437 wordsSECTION 216Chapter Iii.
Traditions, had also from this passage held, and would hold, the traditions which Paul has furnished in this chapter. Tradition is a very great benefit. God bestows traditions by means of the messengers of the Gospel. Paul taught many years before he began to write. Tradition is given either by speaking [comp. ver…
332 wordsSECTION 2172 Thessalonians Iii. 3-8. 235
3. Uiffrbs 8s, but faithful) After stating a very distressing fact, he immediately subjoins what may serve as a consolation ; so ch. ii. 13. In opposition to the unbelief [want of faith on the part] of men, he praises the faithfulness of the Lord. So 2 Tim. ii. 13. — ffrqpifyi upas, will establish you) although all…
403 wordsSECTION 218236 2 Thess Alonians Iii. 10-14.
justice (his just claim to maintenance) by a somewhat unfavour able term. 10. "Ore, when) They had already seen the necessity of this commandment among the Thessalonians. — si Tig ou 0'ehei, if any will not) To be unwilling is a fault. — ^ds saQteru, let him not eat) An Enthymeme.1 Supply, But every man eats : the…
371 wordsSECTION 2192 Thessalonians Iii. 15-17. 237
5 The antithesis is conveyed by the very sound of the words in the original, ftYi^tv epyotfyf&evovs, d'rChoc. Treptspyoi^ofiivovf, doing none of their own business, and yet over-officious in the business of others. — ED. 6 T« Ao'yw yjftuv, our word) already spoken, ver. 10. — V. g. by letters, if they are in a fore…
303 wordsSECTION 220Chapter I.
1. 'A^orfroXos, an apostle) This title serves to confirm Timothy. Familiarity must be laid aside, where the cause of God is con cerned. — xar tKtrayw, according to the commandment) So Rom. xvi. 26 ; comp. 1 Cor. i. 1, note. — trarJjpog JI/AUV, our Saviour) So God the Father is also called, ch. ii. 3, iv. 10 ; Tit. …
269 wordsSECTION 221240 1 Timothy I. 3.
ii. 17. — Xpiffrou 'l7j<rou, Christ Jesus1) Paul often, especially when writing to Timothy, puts the surname Christ before the name Jesus, in respect of [as having a view to] the promises of the Old Testament concerning the Messiah, which were fulfilled in Jesus and were well known to Timothy, 2 Tim. iii. 1 5. 3. …
320 wordsSECTION 222Iii. The Conclusion.
With elders, ver. 17, 18; With offenders, ver. 20, 21 ; With Timothy himself, ver. 22, 23 ; With those of whom he is in doubt, ver. 24, 25; With servants, vi. 1, 2. 4) THOSE WHO TEACH OTHERWISE are reproved, ver. 3, 4, 6, 7 ; but Timothy is admonished and incited forward, ver, 11, 12, and a charge is given to h…
354 wordsSECTION 223242 1 Timothy 1, 5.
of the aeons (ages) — be glory, throughout the aeons of aeons"]. But if there be any doubt, whether those who taught another doctrine used the word ceons already at that time, the wisdom of God [" the only wise God," ver. 17] should be the more ad mired, which confutes (by anticipation) words not yet framed ; comp…
429 wordsSECTION 2241 Timothy I. 0-8. 243
.9, note.1 Here, with Paul, conscience is in the understand ing ; the heart is the seat of love. The former would be in idea, the latter in the desire ; comp. Matt. xxii. 37, note.2- sus, of faith) Faith towards God becomes stronger when the leart is purified in respect of our neighbour, and when the con- ;ience i…
411 wordsSECTION 225244 1 Timothy I. 9, 10.
law," Tit. iii. 9. — %p5ka/) Sophocles has the phrase, i/o>w which is explained as equivalent to vo^odsnTv by the Scholiast ; and so Paul is speaking in this passage, not of the hearer of the law, but of the teacher. 9. E/'<3o>5, knowing) construed with -/j^rai, use. — dixai^fora righteous man) Many things which f…
429 wordsSECTION 2261 Timothy I. 11, 12. 245
words, ch. vi. 3 ; 2 Tim. i. 13 ; and to be sound in regard to believers, Tit. i. 13, ii. 2. The contrary is, votuv, morbid ["doting"], ch. vi. 4 ; a canker, 2 Tim. ii. 17. 11. Kara, according to) This is construed with sound doc trine, ver. 10. Paul hereby establishes the authority of his own ' commandment.' Thos…
447 wordsSECTION 227246 1 Timothy I. 13-15.
cerning Paul, that he would be faithful, is infallible. God sees and knows all things. Therefore, in the active sense, -r/Vr/g does not properly apply to Him. Faith and vision are things antithetic. I wished to convey all this idea by the expression, Metonymy, which I used above. 13. BAatf£>7j/Aov, a blasphemer) a…
412 wordsSECTION 2281 Timothy 1. 16/17. 247
rather, as others affected to treat of those which are more ab struse. So also Tit. ii. 1. — cra<njf, all) Even faith is a kind of acceptation. This statement deserves all acceptation by all the faculties of the whole soul : a^obo-^ (from 8e%6ffQai, Luke viii. 13), is when I am thankful, and speak of a thing as a g…
448 wordsSECTION 229248 1 Timothy I. 18, 19.
phrase with the Hebrews. The thought of eternity is parti cularly delightful to those assured of grace, while it miserably terrifies others. — acpdrw, invisible) This attribute is given Him in the way of praise. See how perverse they are who affirm that there is no God, because they do not see Him. — //,ovw ®s&, t…
406 wordsSECTION 230Chapter Ii.
easily make shipwreck of his faith. — svavdyrjffav, have made ship wreck) Therefore they had entered on the voyage of faith. Hesychius explains evavayytav as sxivdvvsvaav. 20. 'Tftevaios %al ' A\e%avdpo<;, Hymenceus and Alexander) A reproof, with the names expressed : comp. on Hymenseus and Alexander, 2 Tim. ii. 1…
346 wordsSECTION 231250 1 Timothy Ii. 2.
supplications — thanksgivings. All, at separate times, have special necessities. — -rai/rwi/, for all) ver. 4, 6. 2. 'T'rrsp /3a<r/Xgwv, for kings) on whom other men depend, [and who frequently enjoy less opportunity of arriving at the knowledge of saving truth. — V. g.] — Kavruv, all) Often the humblest magis tra…
431 wordsSECTION 2321 Timothy Ii. 3-5. 251
3. Touro yap, for this) The reason, why we must pray for all. It may be asked, why are not more converted ? We do not sufficiently pray. It is a religious duty, that in behalf of our selves, and in behalf of others, we should meet the will of God, which is favourable to us. — xal) and, therefore. — rou 2wr?jpos qpu…
473 wordsSECTION 233252 1 Timothy Ii. 6-8.
The article is not added. Again, in turn, he calls Him God, ch. iii. 16. 6. To paprvpiov, the testimony) The accusative absolute, as evhiyfta, 2 Thess. i. 5. A word suited to the character which Paul and Timothy sustained ; for they were witnesses. The testimony of universal redemption is intended. — xatpoTg 18101…
436 wordsSECTION 2341 Timothy Ii. 9—13. 253
of Christianity, is at once either true or vain.1 Grace cherishes faith ; truth, love, Eph. iv. 15. 9. Karaffro^y) A well-chosen word.2 Women are delighted with elegant clothing ; and to this the apostle alludes in this pas sage. They were rich at Ephesus, ch. vi. 17. — XOC/A/W, elegant, becoming, ornamental [mode…
397 wordsSECTION 235254 1 Timothy Ii. 14. 15.
holds good for all women. Again, what is said of the salvability [safety] of the woman, ver. 15, is also appropriate to be under stood of the first woman. — <xpuro<-) first ; so that the woman was created for him, 1 Cor. xi. 8. 9. 14. Ov% fr-rrarridri, was not deceived) The Serpent deceived the woman ; the woman d…
416 wordsSECTION 236Chapter Iii.
if they continue) Namely, the women. A Syllepsis1 of the number. For sobriety, which is presently praised, is competent for (a grace peculiarly becoming in) women : comp. ver. 9. Let them remain within these bounds. — irfaret xai ay any, in faith and love) General divisions. — aytaff/Ap perb g&xppoffbwn) in holines…
357 wordsSECTION 23725G 1 Timothy Iii. 2.
A good office must be entrusted to good men. — rlv e-T/<rxo?rot/, the bishop) Deacons are directly opposed to bishops, ver. 8 ; therefore the presbyter is included in the bishop ; Acts xx. 28, note. — avsT/Xfjcrrov, blameless) without crime, bad report, and just sus picion ; comp. Tit. i. 6. — sTvai, be) not only d…
674 wordsSECTION 238258 1 Timothy Iii. 4-6.
tfAiw, decorous, orderly [of good behaviour]) What the cuppuv is within, the xoapios is without. Hesychius defines XCC/A/OUS as <x,ve<7ri\7)<7rrovg ; Plato, XOO/A/O/ xa! suxoXo/, men moderate and good- natured. The new man bears somewhat of a sacred-festival character, and is at variance with every species of pollu…
637 wordsSECTION 2391 Timothy Iii. 7-9. 259
lifted up, at the very beginning of his most blessed (brilliant) state, like a novice ; comp. Job xxxviii. 15 [the high arm shall be broken], concerning the proud (vKipypdvuv, LXX.). " He seems to have been raised and exalted more than the other angels, to the government of many angels, though he was younger than …
408 wordsSECTION 2402Go 1 Timothy 111. 10-15.
to the church with a holy mind, and with the desire to show a good example. 10. Ka/ ovroi de, and these also) The bishop was bound to have more and greater virtues (qualifications) conspicuous, and he was of greater dignity ; wherefore in his case no further scrutiny (c proving') is required ; but the deacons were…
439 wordsSource & rights
Public domain historical edition (1857-1858); scan/OCR from Internet Archive.
Project Gutenberg source record →
Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.