PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
Gnomon of the New Testament — Volume 4
Bengel, Johann Albrecht, 1687-1752 · 208,940 words · 469 reading sections
Ephes1Ans I. 7-9. 67
14. The praise of grace takes its rise first in order, ver. 7, then afterwards the praise of the glory [concerning " the glory" comp. ver. 6, 17, 18. — V. g.] — kv r\) x&pin. Words that are conjugate — s^ctpiruasv], as aydtrriv — Tiyd^ffsv, ch. ii. 4. — s^aptruffsv) of the same form as dyaQou, dvva/j,6u, svrwTTou, …
737 wordsSECTION 62Ephesians I. 13-15, 69
12. 'H//,«C, us) Jews. — rovs KpovXtfixoras, who before or first hoped or trusted) This is the predicate. The Jews first obtained hope in Christ when manifested to them (1 Cor. xv. 19) ; after wards the Gentiles, Acts xiii. 46. The word before or first, here, 1 Seasons rather. — ED. 2 Ver. 11, 13. qpeis—vptis, we—…
528 wordsSECTION 6370 Ephesians I. 16-19.
of Christianity.1 Paul often includes all ; ch. iii. 8, 9, 18 ; iv. 6, 13 ; vi. 18, 24. 16. Ou flrauo/Aa/, I do not cease) Paul made mention of all the churches in his prayers ; Col. i. 9. 17. "Iva, that) A subject of prayer for true Christians. — 6 irar^? rrig 86%rt$, the Father of glory) That infinite glory, whi…
422 wordsSECTION 64Ephesians I. 20-23. 71
action [the actual putting of the might into exercise]. — roD xpdrou?, of might) This is exhibited in the action [i.e. when the might is so put into actual exercise] : Job xxi. 23, 1»n DVjn,1 LXX. sv xpdrsi Itiyvoc, auroD, in the might of his power. — r3j$ /0%uo£, of power) This is the Divine power itself. 20. "Hf…
442 wordsSECTION 65Chaptee Ii.
to the opinion of others ; but is put absolutely in the accusative, as rb f&aprvpiov9 the testimony, is construed in 1 Tim. ii. 6. For it is an Epiphonema,1 put after those things which are spoken of at ver. 20, and by it the apostle implies, that there is in Christ the fulness of the Father, who fills all in all. …
412 wordsSECTION 66Ephesians Ii. 2. 73
to the Gentiles, who are ignorant of God : ret crapcwrrw^ara, trespasses, to the Jews, who have the law,1 and yet revolt from the light ; ver. 5. Moreover the latter obeyed the flesh ; the former, the prince of the power of the air ; see following verses. 2. Kardt rbv aJ£>va rov xotffAov rovrov) Atuv and MfftAoc, d…
476 wordsSECTION 6774 Ephesians Ii. 3-5.
Acts xxvi. 18. — sv roTg vtoT$ rr)$ awsideias, in the children of dis obedience or disbelief) Disobedience, or disbelief, in regard to the Gospel, shows of itself how powerful that spirit is. Akin to this is the phrase, children of wrath, ver. 3. Wrath abides upon unbelievers , John iii. 36. 3. Ka/ JUA&TS) we also…
455 wordsSECTION 68Ephesians Ii. 6-10. 75
the Jews and Gentiles. — r& Xptffrp, together with Christ) Hence He is the fountain-head, ver. 6—10. 6. Swsxddiffsv, made us sit together) Believers are already spiritually raised ; they will be raised in the body ; and to each of the two resurrections the sitting in heavenly places corre sponds. They are not, ind…
442 wordsSECTION 6976 Ephesians Ii. 11, 12.
s, created; comp. ver. 15, ["to make," or " create, in Himself of twain one new man"], made spiritually out of nothing. We are elsewhere said to be regenerated. Nothing produces nothing. Believers of after ages are not only 170 DJ?, a people born, Ps. xxii. 32 (31), but also K"QJj a people created, cii. 19 (18). —…
425 wordsSECTION 70Ephesians Ii. 13, 14. 77
misery is detailed under these three heads : without, and strangers — and without God [a6eoi, atheists] : you were without Christ, with out the Holy Spirit, without God ; comp. ver. 18 and the follow ing verses ; ch. iii. 6, iv. 4, 5, notes. — ^upis X?/<rroD, without Christ) He proves this in the following clause, …
438 wordsSECTION 7178 Ephesians Ii. 15.
by the rhythm. — We have a description — (a.) the union of the Gentiles with Israel, ver. 14, 15; and then (j3.) the union of the Gentiles and Israel, as now one man, with God, ver. 15, middle of verse— ver. 18. The description of each is subdivided into two parts, so that the first may correspond to the first, con…
432 wordsSECTION 72Ephesians Ii. 16, 17. 79
the Gospel, by which mercy was set forth to all. Col. ii. 14, note. [See the same words with the very same meaning, Acts xvi. 4, xv. 28. — V. g.] — xarapyfaas, having abolished) Each h [sv doypaoiv and ev rfi <rapx<~] is construed, as we have already inti mated, with this participle. Christ abolished, by ItLis fles…
373 wordsSECTION 7380 Ephesians Ii. 18 20.
participle ; comp. To/^as, ver. 14. He announced peace with His own mouth to the apostles, Luke xxiv. 36 ; John xx. 19, 21, 26 ; and by them to others. — s/pyjv^v lif^Tv rote, {taxpav, jc.r.X.) Acts ii. 39, note. — %ai ro/c) There is great elegance in mentioning s/pr^Vy peace, only once in this passage. The peace o…
447 wordsSECTION 74Chapter Iii.
strued with Xp/<rroD, it would be in this form : a-JroD TOT1 X?/<rroD 'i«j<roif, as we read avrbg 6 'IWCCWTJC, x.r.X., with the article,2 Matt, iii. 4 ; Mark vi. 17 ; Luke iii. 23, xxiv. 15, 36 ; John ii. 24, iv. 44 ; 2 Cor. xi. 14. 21. 'Ev w, in whom) In Christ. This, by Anaphora [repetition to mark beginnings], …
392 wordsSECTION 7582 Ephesians Iii. 3-5.
they had heard concerning Paul (comp. note on i. I1) were a testimony that he, ver. 1, spoke the truth concerning himself. 3. Kara «vro?ca7.i-\j/;v, by revelation) Gal. i. 12 ; Acts ix. 3, 4. — tyvupuf's pot) made known to me) God, by His grace. — the mystery) of Christ ; see the following verses. l\'ij w) / wrote…
444 wordsSECTION 76Ephesians Iii. 6-9. 83
cipally intended ; for example, Ezekiel, who is often called D1^ p, son of man, and has copiously described the city and house of God, as Paul does in this place. — Iv nvsu^ar/, in the Spirit) the gift of whom was reserved for the New Testament, with a view to the glorifying of Christ. 6. EJvai) that the Gentiles …
447 wordsSECTION 7784 Ephesians Iii. 10-15.
who created all things} The creation of all things is the founda tion of all the rest of the economy, most freely dispensed, accord ing to the universal power of God. The expression, all things, includes rue, d^ag, x.r.X., principalities, etc. 10. NDi/) note, first : comp. ver. 5. — ruJi'c, dpyj^ zai TCUC, l^ou<r/«…
420 wordsSECTION 78Ephesians Iii. 16-18. 85
angels, of Jews, of other men. — irarpia) family, depending on Him as the [its] Father. Comp. varpia, Luke ii. 4 ; Acts iii. 25. — ovofA&fsrat, is named) In the passive or middle voice. They are called the sons of God by God Himself, and delight in this name, Isa. xliv. 5, comp. I will call, Rom. ix. 25, 26. 1 6. …
480 wordsSECTION 7986 Ephesians Iii. 19.
must thus be explained : that you may have Christ dwelling in you, being rooted, comp. Col. ii. 2, note ; unless the Nominative rather agrees with you may be able,1 as the ardour of Paul was eagerly intent on what follows. So, in the middle of the sentence, if and how are placed, 1 Cor. xi. 14, 15, xiv. 7, 16 ; and…
464 wordsSECTION 80Ephesians Iii. 20, 21. 87
the power of God exceeds our knowledge. — /Va, that) without a conjunction ; comp. /Va, that, ver. 18. Spiritual knowledge and fulness are joined together. — sis, unto1) This is the goal. 20. 'Tnip tfdvra) Kavrat, is governed by cro/?5<ra/, whence we? is put adverbially, as presently after vKspsxtftpiffffov, and ii…
308 wordsSECTION 81Chapter Iv.
1. *O felloe, the prisoner) The bonds of Paul were subservient to the calling of the Ephesians ; and these ought to be so affected by them (his bonds) as to delight Paul with their obedience ; a striking instance of feeling, rtQo$. — Iv Kvplu, in the Lord) construed with prisoner. — 7% xX^tfswj, of the vocation) ve…
376 wordsSECTION 82Ephesians Iv. 5-8. 89
5. M/a <7fi(Srig, ev {SdnrKSpa, one faith, one baptism) into Christ, the Lord. Sometimes baptism, sometimes faith, is put first ; Markxvi. 16; Col. ii. 12. 6. ndvruv, of all) This word occurring thrice, and naffiv pre sently after, both are masculine ; for all are reduced to unity [are brought together as one, und…
459 wordsSECTION 8390 Ephesians Iv. 9-11.
sion may be referred He gave, ver. 11, and is given, and of the gift, ver. 7. In Hebrew, nnp7 is an abbreviated expression ; to wit, Christ received gifts, which He might immediately give. Comp. np^>, Gen. xv. 9 [" Take me an heifer," abbreviated for, Take and sacrifice to me] ; 2 Kings ii. 20 ; where sudden action…
436 wordsSECTION 84Ephesians Iv. 12. 91
is repeated from ver. 10. Ministers have not given themselves. [ The apostle, we might think, takes a wonderful leap in descend ing to these from the comprehensive subject of the whole universe, just now spoken of. He no doubt has regard to the body of Christ. In like manner, ch. i. 22 (after having just before sp…
807 wordsSECTION 85Ephesians Iv. 12. 91
1 The sense seems, though not very clear, owing to Bengal's extreme brevity, All ought to have been by this time on the one and the same path of faith. For faith is the distinguishing characteristic of those who, as travellers, are seeking to arrive at the goal. — ED. EPHEStANS IV. 14, 15. 93 concerning perfection…
492 wordsSECTION 8694 Ephesians Iv. 16.
severally, one and all, in all things. — of, who) This refers to Christ. The Head is put in the way of a distinct clause.1 — 6 Xpiarbc, Christ) Ploce,2 emphatic [the Christ]. For previously it had been said, into Him; though o Xpwrbg is nevertheless afterwards mentioned at the end very emphatically, as if he were …
425 wordsSECTION 87Ephesians Iv. 17-19. 95
is used, not -To/g^.1 — sv ay airy, in love) Construe witli the edifying of itself. 17. ToS™ olv X'eyv, this I say then) He returns to the point with which he set out, ver. 1. — pyx'sri vpag ntptirartTv, that ye henceforth walk not) This is an antithesis to ver. 1. — sv paraiorqri, in vanity) The root of such walk…
408 wordsSECTION 88% Ephksians Iv. 20, 21.
perantes), in the Vulgate and Syriac Version, is worthy of con sideration, and illustrates its signification. In this way r, avaXywia, (insensibility) and r\ awyvuffig (despair) are conjointly noted by Chrysostom, Homil. vi.,on Heb.iii. 13. But the very word a<xa\ye?v Cicero seems to paraphrase, lib. ii. famil. Ep.…
435 wordsSECTION 89Ephesians Iv. 22. 97
have heard) Even the first hearing about Christ takes away sins. — It/ avrti, in Him) i.e. in His name, as to what concerns Him. — edidd%07irs, ye have been taught) you have received the doctrine. The consequent of hearing and of being taught is to learn [spaders, ver. 20]. — xad&jc, even as) i.e. so as : comp. xad…
458 wordsSECTION 9098 Ephesians Iv. 23-2G.
23. Tti vvivftart ro\j vcb$, in the spirit of the mind) 1 Cor. xiv. 14. The spirit is the inmost part of the mind. 24. Tbv xaivbv] Tbv v'eov is used, Col. iii. 10, of that which is native [the new man becomes natural, i.e. the true nature] in be lievers ; but here dvavcoDctfa/ has been used by him just before. [Th…
494 wordsSECTION 91Epherians Iv. 27— 2!) . 99
should wrath cease, but a brother should be put right without delay, and reconciliation take place, especially with a neighbour whom you will not see afterwards in this life,1 or whom you have seen for the first time in the street, at an entertainment, or in the market-place. 27. MJJ«, Neither) Place is given to t…
448 wordsSECTION 92100 Ephesians Iv. 30-32.
site is good. — ,</-?) exiropswtfQuy let — not proceed) If it be already on the tongue, swallow it again. — si rig) if any [whatsoever], as often soever : However, equal facility of expression is not de manded of all. — 'Trpbg ofaodofAqv — ro^c axovo'jffi, for edifying — to the hearers) This mode of speaking is not…
369 wordsSECTION 93Chapter V.
1. Mipyra}, imitators) in forgiving (comp. the verse above, ch. iv. 32), and in loving ; for beloved (rsxva dya^ra, beloved children) follows. O how much more glorious and blessed is it to be an imitator of God, than of Homer, Alexander, Apelles, etc. ! — ojg rsxva, as children) Matt. v. 45. 2. mp/tfars/rs, walk) …
689 wordsSECTION 94Ephesians V. 7-13. 103
6. KevoTg Aoyo/s, with vain words) by which the anger of God is despised, and by which men strive to withdraw themselves from their duty, to consider good as nothing, and to extenuate and varnish over evil [in which moreover all things everywhere abound. — V. g.] This is the genus ; there are three species at ver.…
527 wordsSECTION 95104 Ephes1Ans V. 14-1(5.
is the man himself; comp. the following verse, wherefore [He saith, Awake, etc., which proves that the KM here refers to the man reproved]. — yap, for) For makes an emphatic addition [Epitasis1] in a gradation. — rb pavepovpevov, an Antanaclasis [the same word in a twofold sense], for pai/spoDra/ is passive ; pavsp…
435 wordsSECTION 96Ephesians V. 17. 105
rs, Dan. ii. 8, ye (would) gain the time. The days, says Paul, are evil, and are in the power of wicked men, not in your own power. Wherefore, since you see that you are hard pressed, endeavour, until the hostile intervals of this un happy period pass away, to pass through and spend your time, if not with profit, …
446 wordsSECTION 9710G Ephes1Ans V. 19-22.
denotes every luxury inconsistent with frugality. See its oppo site, ver. 19, concerning the effect of spiritual fulness. — d So generally the LXX. in Prov. quoted above : aXXa avdpuKoig dixaloig, but associate with righteous men. 19. AaXoumg gauro%, speaking among yourselves) The anti thesis is, to the Lord; comp…
423 wordsSECTION 98Epiiesians V. 23-26. 107
elsewhere they should seem to have superior prudence : ffoftsvoi is to be supplied from ver. 2 1.1 It is said of children and servants, obey [ucraxoisrs], ch. vi. 1, 5. There is a greater equality in the case of husbands and wives ;2 comp., however, Rom. xiii. 1. — ws, as) The subjection which is rendered by the w…
370 wordsSECTION 99108 Ephes1Ans V. 27-30.
2 Therefore vTroToujaopivoi, subordinate, not vTroc-xoveTs, is said in their case. —ED. And the mentioning of the bath [Xwrpti, washing] and the word is presently urged conjointly, although the word is to be referred to the term cleansing}- The cleansing power is in the wordy and it is put forth through the bath […
416 wordsSECTION 100Ephesians V. 31-33. 109
roDro vvv offrouv ex ruv offreuv /AOU, xa/ ffap^ g'x rr\c, ffapxos ftov. Aurv) x\q6r]ffsrai yvvq, on IK rou avdpb<; aur>j$ IX^p0?j. "Evsxev rovrov xaraXs/'-vJ/g/ avQpuffoe rov narspa, avrov xa/ rrtv pyre pa xa/ TpotfxoX- a/ r?j yuva/x/ aurou, xa/ g'tfovra/ o/ 56o g/g cdpxa //-/av. — 1% r^j auroD, x.r.X., o/ His fle…
454 wordsSECTION 101Chapter Vi.
something similar ; comp. 1 Cor. iv. 2, note, vii. 29 ; 2 Cor. viii. 13. The particle gives force ; the ellipsis, in a feeling of courtesy, restrains that force. 1. 'Ytfaxovere, obey] This expresses even more than be subject, be subordinate (ch. v. 21, b<7rora<fff6psvoi), [comp. ver. 5.] To obey is the part of one…
366 wordsSECTION 102EPHESIANS VI. 3, 4. Ill
obedience, includes obedience to all the commandments in the early period of life. This apostolic observation is a proof that the observance of the law in the New Testament is not abolished. 3. Eu ffot, well with thee) Let young persons attend to this statement. — ?ca/ £<% and thou mayest [shalt] be) The LXX., in …
434 wordsSECTION 103112 Ephesians Vi. 5, 6, 7.
5. O/' douXoi, servants) He here speaks broadly, namely, of slaves, and of freedmen as a species next to slaves, ver. 8, at the end. — rofg xupioi$ Kara ffdpxa, to your masters according to the flesh) It was not proper, after making mention of the true Master [the Lord], ver. 4, that such persons should also immedi…
448 wordsSECTION 104Ephesians Vi. 8-10. 113
slave ; as in the case of pet dogs. — ra1) Ku?fy, to the Lord. The dominion of Christ ought to be the moving principle to all, and to govern men, even in rendering external service. The Lord looks at the heart. 8. "o edv n) A Tmesis for on eav, Col. iii. 23. — ayatov, good) in Christ. 9. T« a-ira, the same things…
460 wordsSECTION 105114 Ephesians Vi. 11, 12.
this one passage of the epistle. Nowhere do soldiers use to one another the title brethren more than in the field of battle. — ivdwa- poufffa, be strong) Those, and those only, who are strong in them selves, are fitted for putting on the whole armour [the panoply]. — jc«/) a Hendiadys. — xpdrei r%$ /0%i/oc, by the …
449 wordsSECTION 106Ephesians Vi. 12. 115
other kinds of evil spirits, that remain more at home in the citadel of the kingdom of darkness : principalities, powers. This third class is different, inasmuch as they go abroad and take pos session, as it were, of the provinces of the world : rulers [holders] of the world. — rou axorovg, of the darkness) Herein …
820 wordsSECTION 107Ephes1Ans Vi. 15-20. 117
314. TIspi^uffd/Asvoi, being girt about) that you may be unen cumbered [ready for action]. Comp. Luke xii. 35 ; Ex. xii. 11 ; 1 Usually said of defensive, here evidently of offensive weapons. — ED. 2 Anadiplosis, the repetition of the same word in the end of the preced ing, and in the beginning of the following mem…
522 wordsSECTION 108118 Ephes1Ans Vi. 21-24.
dox [an ambassador, yet in bonds]. The world has its ambas sadors surrounded with outward splendour. "Iva9 that, which immediately follows, depends on this expression.1 — Iv aura), in it) in the mystery. — u$, as) construed with to make known. 21. Ka/ vfjksTg) ye also, as well as others. — xdvra, all things) A sal…
280 wordsSECTION 109120 Philippians I. 2.
1. AoDXo/, the servants) Paul writes more familiarly to the Phi- lippians than to those to whom, in writing, he calls himself an apostle. Under this common predicate, he very courteously joins Timothy with himself, who, by his means, was called to be a disciple, and who, having recently joined Paul, had come to Ph…
273 wordsSECTION 110Philippians I. 4-7. 121
FOR THE FUTURE, ver. 12, 13, 18, 19. Whence he exhorts the Philippians :— 1. Since he is to continue to live, that they should walk wor thily of the Gospel, 25— ii. 16. 2. Although he should be put to death, that they should rejoice with him, 17, 18 ; and promises that he will very soon give them all information …
648 wordsSECTION 111122 Phil1Ppians I. 8, 9.
beginning to its termination. — fag/toft — a-TroXoy/ot, in my bonds — in defence) AHendiadys [My bonds in defence of the Gospel]. Bonds do not restrain my love. — d-TroXoy/a, in defence) The Romans brought accusations against the Gospel. -—£g/3a/w<rg/, in confirma tion) This is something more than a defence. — rov …
432 wordsSECTION 112Philippians I. 10-14. 123
wherefore the doctrine of the Mystics on Privation is so to be received, as not to be in any respect injurious to that prac tical ardour of mind. 10. Aoxipdfyiv) prove and embrace, Rom. xii. 2. — ra diap'spovra, the tilings that are excellent) not merely good in preference to bad, but the best among those that are…
412 wordsSECTION 113124 Phil1Ppians I. 15-18.
in his confession of Christ. — &<p6(3ca$, without fear) no one terrify ing them. Fear often is no longer felt by [flies from] those who make an attempt. J15. Tivsg /j,ev — nvsg ds, some indeed — and some} A separation [Sejugatio ; see Append.] : for two clauses are laid down, which are afterwards more fully treate…
421 wordsSECTION 114Philippians I. 19-22. 125
men, says he, make the name of Christ a pretext : they really design to excite against me ill-will. — aXyQstci, in truth) from the heart, seriously. 19. rap, for) [aetiologia]. The reason assigned, why he should rejoice. — rouroftoi rtiroprjffsrai tig ffurripiav, this shall turn to my salvation) So evidently the L…
431 wordsSECTION 115126 Phil1Ppians I. 23.
if I am to live. — iveapxi) This is a limitation; for even they who die, live. — KOL^C, tpyou, the fruit of my labour) I derive this fruit from it [from living], that I may thereby do the more work; a noble work, ch. ii. 30 ; desirable fruit, Rom. i. 13. An other seeks fruit from [by means of] his labour ; Paul reg…
461 wordsSECTION 116Phil1Ppians I. 24-27. 127
to be referred to the verb to be, not to depart, whether we take it as a predicate, or rather understand it absolutely, by supplying ov, in this sense, since that is much better. For the comparative is cumulative ; comp. 2 Cor. vii. 13, note. To depart is better than to remain in the flesh ; to be with Christ is fa…
437 wordsSECTION 117128 Philippians I. 28-30.-It. 1.
[ whatever happens as to my arrival. By supposing this or that event, not a few persuade themselves, that they will be at last such as it is proper for them to be ; but it is better alivays to perform present duty, without evasions. — V. g.] — roD guayysX/ou, the Gospel) For the sake of propagating which I delight …
304 wordsSECTION 118Philippians Ii. 2, 3. 129
1. E7 rig) If it be thought preferable that this word be read four times, we may thus explain it : if therefore exhortation ] in Christ 1 The Greek word Ku.peix'hwis signifies either exhortation or consolation. The Engl. Vers. has taken the latter, Bengel the former. be any (joy), if the comfort of love be any1 (jo…
473 wordsSECTION 119130 Philipfians Ii. 4-6.
4. M^ ra saurojv) not merely your own interest, nor on your own account: comp. ver. 21. — //,?} ra — ro) Perverted Usefulness is manifold ; true usefulness is simple and one.1 This is the differ ence between ra and ro.'2 5. <bpove?<!8u, let the mind be) He does not say ppovs/rs, think ye, but <ppoveiGt}&}, cherish…
458 wordsSECTION 120Ph1Lipfians Ii. 6. 131
for ever — yet nevertheless it takes for granted the existence of the human nature : so the form of God is not the Divine nature, nor is the being on an equality with God the Divine nature ; but yet He, who was subsisting in the form of God, and who might have been on an equality with God, is God. Moreover the form…
492 wordsSource & rights
Public domain historical edition (1857-1858); scan/OCR from Internet Archive.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.