PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
Gnomon of the New Testament — Volume 4
Bengel, Johann Albrecht, 1687-1752 · 208,940 words · 469 reading sections
Hebrews V. 11, 12. 391
serve the epithet, eternal salvation, which is opposed to the shortness of the days of Jesus' flesh, and flows (is derived) from ver. 6, for ever. Concerning this salvation, look back to ch. ii. 10, 14, etc. The eternity of salvation is mentioned, Is. xlv. 17. 'iffpafa tfw^sra/ b^b Kupiw ffurrtpfav a/wv/ov, Israel …
785 wordsSECTION 362Hebrews V. 11, 12. 391
13. 'O fter'exuv, he that partakes) Even strong men feed on milk, but not on milk chiefly, much less on milk alone. There fore they are intended in this passage, who, in short, either take or seek nothing but milk. — uTeipcs, unskilful) not expert, without strength and practice. — Xoyou dixaMffvyqc, in the ivord of…
254 wordsSECTION 363Chaptek Vi.
15 ; and also Wisd. xxx. 14. It is said of a whole, in which the parts have themselves and are had in turn, hold and are held in turn ; and here it denotes the strength of the faculty of percep tion (discernment) arising from the maturity of the spiritual age: not habit acquired by practice, dux. rfy g'g/v, because…
360 wordsSECTION 364394 Hebrews Vi. 2.
(Num. xxvii. 18, 23) was very much practised among them. Whosoever was well acquainted with these two, quickly com prehended the doctrine of Christian baptism and of the imposition of hands by the apostles ; and this is the very reason why these two particulars are interwoven with other points more funda mental ; …
425 wordsSECTION 365Hebrews Vi. 3 4.
evident, that (Bairriff/Auv and dida%ri$ must not be separated. Baieriff/toi dida^/is1 were baptisms which were received by those who devoted themselves to the sacred doctrine of the Jews ; therefore, by the addition of d^a^g, they are distinguished from the other Levitical washings ; ch. ix. 10. — Kpf/tarog aiuvio…
677 wordsSECTION 366Hebrews Vi. 7. 397
,ii. 5, note. 6. Ka/ KapavsGovrag, and who have fallen away) A word of weighty import, suddenly occurring, strikes us with just terror. It is thus the LXX. translate the Hebrew i>y». He does not merely speak of those relapsing into their former condition, but of those falling away (prgsterlapsos, lapsing aside) fr…
592 wordsSECTION 367398 Hebrews Vi. 8, 9.
ficant than if it had been e-r avryv, over it ; for it denotes the unceasing (continuous) bounty of heaven. — Ko\Xd/ng, often) Hence the «<rag, once, is softened, ver. 4. — sp^opevov, coming) spontaneously. — rixrovffa, which bringeth forth) by the regular mode of generating. The antithesis is £x®s/?ou<ra, that whi…
421 wordsSECTION 368Hebrews Vi. 10 11. 399
might have appeared harsh. — mpt u//,wv, of you) An antithesis, in the hypothesis, to those, who are stigmatized in the thesis, ver. 6, 7, 8. — ra Kpsiaciova, better things) more consistent with godliness, ver. 10. — s^o^svoiffurviplag, which [accompany] are near to salvation) An admirable expression. GOD, conferri…
699 wordsSECTION 369Hebrews Vi. 17-20. 401
14. 'H fA'/iv) \D, Geil. xxii.17, LXX., %ar s/uavrov & {toff a, Xeysi Kvpiog, % p^v evXoyuv ? yXoyjjtfw ffs, x.r.X., " I have sworn by Myself, saith the Lord, that blessing I will bless thee," etc. So n pw, Gen. xlii. 1 6. Devarius, when he had collected examples of the particle T\ ^v, infers that this word is used…
570 wordsSECTION 370Chapter Vii.
forerunner has those who follow him. He is elsewhere called the first, the first fruits, the first-begotten. — Kara., according to) is put at the beginning of the clause for the sake of emphasis. *. . 1. Ovrog) The subject, namely, This man, who is mentioned ch. vi. 20 from the psalm, and the same who is mentioned…
372 wordsSECTION 371Hebrews Vii. 4. 403
posterity of Melchisedec are not descended from Levi, as was required to be the case with the Levites, ver. 6, and they are not even mentioned by Moses ; and this silence is full of mys tery, which is immediately unfolded. There are even few of the Levitical priests whose mothers are mentioned in Scripture ; but y…
438 wordsSECTION 372404 Hebrews Vii. 5-9.
v is first fruits, or arms, clothes, the first fruits of spoils : axpodivlov, the first fruits of Qivsg, and dives are heaps of wheat or barley; or any first fruits whatever." — 6 ^arpidp^s, the patriarch) He highly praises Abraham, that Melchisedec may be made the greater. The patriarch is even greater than a kin…
394 wordsSECTION 373Hebrews Vii. 10, 11. 405
something of the highest importance must be unexpectedly said after the other parts, which had been and might be treated of, where the particle denique is an apt expression in Latin, this courteous phrase, us swos s/Vs/i/, or w? g/Vg/P, not to be met with elsewhere in the New Testament, has been generally used by …
405 wordsSECTION 374406 Hebrews Vii. 12, 13.
Ex. xxix. 22, etc. ; Lev. vii. 37, viii. 22, 28, 29, 31, 33, where the writer is treating of Levitical perfection ; but here rsXsjuffis rtXsia, absolute perfection, is intended: comp. ver. 19. The article is not added, and therefore Paul increases the force of the negative expression. — %v) if — were. So %v, ch. vi…
443 wordsSECTION 375Hebrews Vii. .14—18. 407
the same verb, ch. ii. 14. — r& fogiatrypiu, at the altar) Le- vitical. 14. TlpodyXov) it is manifest. Therefore, at that time the genea logy of Jesus Christ laboured under no difficulty ; and this very- circumstance entirely sweeps away the difficulties that after wards arose. It is both evident and sufficient, t…
407 wordsSECTION 376408 Hebrews Vii. 19-24.
9 ; and he also often desires and has regard to that which is ' profitable,' ch. xiii. 9 ; comp. Epistles to Timothy and Titus. 19. Ovdsv ere\eiuffsv 6 votu,oc, the law made nothing perfect) Paul speaks much in the same way of the powerlessness (rb dduvarov) of the law, in that it was weak through the flesh, Rom. v…
410 wordsSECTION 377Hebrews Vii. 25, 26. 409
art a Priest, in the singular. — dvapafiarov, not passing away) into the hands of successors. 25. "Ofcv, whence) From this, that He remains. — %«/, also) He not only remains, but also saves. — <rw£g/v, to save) by His own name, Jesus, ver. 22. — etc rb vavreXsg, to the uttermost) So Luke xiii. 11. The meaning of ^…
442 wordsSECTION 378410 Hebrews Vii. 27, 28.
comp. Job xxii, 12 ; Ps. Ivii. 6 ; Prov. xxx. 4. — V. g.] Eph. i. 21, iv. 10. — y'evopsvof, made) Christ both was formerly higher than the heavens, and was made so afterwards ; comp. ysvo/j,&vo$, being made, ch. i. 4. We have the same force in the participle, rsrsAs/w^si/oi/, made perfect, at ver. 28. 27. Ou, not)…
460 wordsSECTION 379Chapter Viii.
1. KspaXaiov, the head, the sum) The Accusative absolute, which Paul uses, 1 Tim. ii. 6, note. The head, that is, the principal point. — IT/ roTg Xeyo/tsvo^) while these things are being spoken of, while we are treating of this object, while we are stating all these things concerning our High Priest, the sum of the…
384 wordsSECTION 380412 Hebrews Viii. 5., G.
on the earth, He would not even be [in the true sense] a priest at all. Christ, whilst He discharged the duties of the priesthood, entered into heaven. — ovruv) inasmuch as there were already at the time priests existing. 5. ' TKodsiyftan -/.at ffxia) A Hendyadys. The latter is added, lest the former should be und…
443 wordsSECTION 381Hebrews Viii. 7-9. 413
7. 'H vpurr), the first) A Metonymy ; for blame (finding fault) does not fall upon a divine institution, but upon a real and per sonal object. AitroTe, with them, is said ver. 8 ; from whicfy it is plain, that not only the New Testament itself was faultless, but also its people. — sxemj, that) The pronoun adapted t…
435 wordsSECTION 382414 Hebrews Viii. 10.
—1. That of the promise ; 2. That of instruction (psedagogiae) ; 3. That of fulfilment. The instruction (as children) began at the time of the departure from Egypt, with that which was des tined to become old (ver. 13). — avrot OVK tve^eivav sv rri diaOiixr) pou, ndyu fifAsXyffa avruv, they did not continue in My c…
451 wordsSECTION 383Hebrews Viii. 11. 415
(put) ; the second, and I will be ; the third, and not ; the fourth, because (for) all. The second explains the first ; the fourth, the third. — v6pov$ ftou) Heb. Win DK, my law. We have the sum of these laws presently, / will be to them a GOD, and they shall be to Me a people. — th rfiv didvoiav aurwv) D2 "ip2, in…
456 wordsSECTION 3841-16 Hebrews Viii. 12, 13.
neighbour or fellow-citizen.1 — 2 a<rro /A/xp&D, /mm a feastf]) J^e £/ia£ is feeble among them shall be as David, Zech. xii. 8. 12. "Or/, because) The forgiveness of sins, the root of all benefits and of all knowledge of the Lord. — raft d3/x/a/s aurwv, to their unrighteousnesses) The abstract for the concrete : s…
423 wordsSECTION 385Chapter Ix.
1. *H irp&rri, the first) Supply d/a^x??, testament or covenant ; not ffxrivfi, tabernacle. For the tabernacle itself was the worldly sanctuary, which we shall presently see. By a very elegant ellipsis, the word d/a^joj is left out, because it is rather appro priate to the New Testament; whence also, ver. 15, it is…
375 wordsSECTION 386413 Hebrews Ix. 3, 4.
notes the holy place or sanctuary, in antithesis to ay/a Aoty o/ holies. Some have ay/a in this place.1 3. 'H Xtyopsvy, which is called) So ver. 2, Xi/sra/, ^s called. The opposite is r£v aX^/i^y, o/ £/^ true, ver. 24. 4. XpvffoZv, golden) The apostle uses such words as signify something precious and glorious, as …
459 wordsSECTION 387Hebrews Ix. 5-8, 419
near the ark, as appendages to it ; in the same way that the book of the law and the deposits of the Philistines [the five golden emerods and mice] were put on the side of the ark : Deut. xxxi. 26 ; 1 Sam. vi. 8. Therefore sv in this passage is used with some latitude, as Luke ix. 31, etc. — rb pawa, the manna) A m…
435 wordsSECTION 388420 Hebrews Ix. 0, 10.
to the holy of holies, so the whole Levitical tabernacle was to the heavenly sanctuary ; then, as the holy place prevented the people from having access to the holy of holies, so the whole tabernacle prevented an entrance into the heavenly sanctuary. Therefore --paj-/,c, first, which immediately follows, has a para…
428 wordsSECTION 389Hebrews Ix. 11, 12. 421
regarding the appendage; comp. ver. 15, 17, 26. Sacrifices concur in public worship, and meats also in daily life ; while the same ceremonial law treats of both, and is wholly occupied with these and similar matters. — /3pw//,acv, in meats) of which some have never been allowed to any, others not to all, and not a…
416 wordsSECTION 390422 Hebrews Ix. J3, 14.
bullock was sacrificed at one time, Lev. xvi. 9, 3 : but that par ticular animal was not by itself better than all the animals of the same species ; therefore it is here put in the plural number. An additional reason besides, for the plural, was the annual re petition of the sacrifices. IB, LXX., ^(xs-yjic,, Lev. x…
429 wordsSECTION 391Hebrews Ix 15-17. 423
reduced to ashes [ashes of a heifer~\. — a^^ov, without spot) Supe rior as contrasted with every Levitical victim. — xaQapis?, shall purge) It corresponds to xatfa^oYjjra, purifying ', ver. 13. So ver. 22, 23, ch. x. 23, i. 3. It is put in the future as an antithesis to the present, a^/a^g/, sanctifies , Leviticall…
427 wordsSECTION 392421 Hebrews Ix. 18, 19.
relative]. — fj,q<rore) Tins particle plainly implies an interrogation;1 moreover, ecre/, with an interrogation, has great force, Eom. iii. 6 ; 1 Cor. xiv. 16, xv. 29. See Not. ad Chrys. de Sacerd., p. 424. 18. "Ot)e\>, whence) The two words mil and had fay differ; but yet they signify the same thing, in so far as…
429 wordsSECTION 393Hebrews Ix. 10. 425
spends to the Hebrew njinn w. The LXX. translate njin xox- x/voi>, W xXuarbv dmXovv, double spun (twined), from its form : the apostle terms it from its material (wool) ; scarlet colour, viz. as being like blood. — ftiftXiov) Many, and the Latins too from the Vulgate, construe this word with sppdvnffs, he sprinkled…
463 wordsSECTION 394426 Hebrews Ix. 20-24.
s, " Moses sprinkled all the people," on the one side ; KAI ds — sppdvnffsv (ver. 21), "and the tabernacle indeed — he the same sprinkled," on the other. The Latins say, et, et vero, both, and indeed, or, non modo, verum etiam, not only, but also. So OUTS — %a/ o-j, Rev. ix. 20, 21. — cravrot T(J\I Xaov sppdvTitfs)…
829 wordsSECTION 395428 Hebrews Ix. 27, 28.
1 Beng. seems to mean, that Christ from the very beginning sustained His character as the WORD OF GOD, John i. 1 — a title implying His divine nature, at the same time implying also His coming into the world, as sent by the Father, to be its Saviour. — ED. with great force.1 — vspav'spurai, has been manifested) in …
493 wordsSECTION 396Chapter X.
not either acknowledged Him, He is at that time Coming (6 spysopsvoc, The Comer). Let us suppose the arrival of a guest, the intimate friend of the father of the family, but unknown to the family. The father of the family will think, A brother RETURNS ; whereas in the family it will be said, A guest is COMING. — 6…
366 wordsSECTION 397430 Hkbrews X. 4, 5.
membrance : ver. 17. — xar s\navrbv, yearly) An Epanalepsis ;T comp. ver. 1. He is speaking chiefly of the solemn yearly sacrifices. 4. 'Apa/pg/i>, to take away) Ktpirt.tTv,2 to remove entirely; ver. 11. In the writings of Moses, great effects are ascribed to these elementary ordinances of worship, in order that i…
441 wordsSECTION 398Hebrews X. 7- 431
(strict) acceptation of the term, body. The ears are a part : the body, as a whole, follows the example of their obedience. Thou hast prepared for me a body, viz. for the offering ; ver. 10. The mentioning of the whole here is very suitable. There is an expression of Paul, concerning the body of Christ, very simila…
517 wordsSECTION 399432 Hebrews X. 8. 9.
rejection of sacrifices ( Thou wouldest not), and the Messiah's exhi bition of Himself to do the will of GOD, came after the perpetual offering of them, and not previously. What, then, is the volume of the book f We do not require to go far to learn ; it is the very page on which this very psalm was written. There …
467 wordsSECTION 400Hebrews X. 9-12. 433
tlie things concerned, from which the wisdom of the apostle in fers t\\e first and second, TK, (ver. 9) ; comp. /Agra, after, ch. vii. 28, note. Let this TK be the terminus (the point of boundary between the Old and New Testament). Paul also puts, in the first place, the general word of the LXX., g/Vov, then one mo…
450 wordsSECTION 401434 Hebrews X. 13-15.
is wont to stand or standeth, ver. 11. The sacrifice of the mass is inconsistent with sitting at the right hand of GOD : for the sacrifice of Christ is neither continued nor repeated in the mass. The apostle not only urges the identity, but also the word «Va J, once, once for ally concerning the sacrifice of Christ…
437 wordsSECTION 402Hebrews X. 16-22. 435
pqffiv, says He, is swallowed up in the clause, \iytt Kvpux;, saith the Lord, in the following verse. But this pzra, after, shows that the forgiveness of sins belongs to the New Testament. There fore the intermediate words of Jeremiah are not repeated here. The passage in Jer. is quoted Heb. viii., on account of th…
443 wordsSECTION 403436 Hebrews X. L>3-25.
of faith) Hope and love are added, ver. 23, 24. These three remain. Faith and hope often stand on the same footing (have the same aspect or relation) : wherefore they are here also closely united, and coalesce in the following passages : ch. xi. 1 [xii. 18, xiii. 1], etc. — sppavncp'evoi, being sprinkled) So ch. xi…
435 wordsSECTION 404Hebrews X. 26. 437
ditional assembly (episynagogam) as Christians: and yet we are not to understand this expression as if it exclusively applied to assembling in one place, or to associating for promoting one faith ; but it should be taken in a middle sense, as the mutual meeting together in love, and as the public and private inter …
437 wordsSECTION 405438 Hebrews X. 27-29.
xiv. l7.— -o\jxeTi, no more) The fruit of the sacrifice of Christ is always evident to them who do not reject it, but those who re ject it have nothing else. — crsp/ af^apnojv, for sins) refers to d//,«p- ravoi/rwv, if we sin. 27. Qofizpa, fearful) A very bad hope.— S7i8o^, looking for) quite different from what i…
444 wordsSECTION 406Hebrews X. 30-33. 439
deeds; blasphemy is vented by words : comp. 1 Tim. i. 13, note. Where blasphemy is added, the guilt is in the very worst degree aggravated ; Mark iii. 29. 30. Toi/ g/Vovra, Him, who hath said} GOD, who does not threaten in vain. — 1/W, to me) See Rom. xii. 19, note, from Deut. xxxii. 35. — *•«>./ v, again] after a…
415 wordsSECTION 407440 Hebrews X. 34-36.
34. Asff////o/£, those in bonds) The persons in bonds are men tioned at ch. xiii. 3 : and Timothy had been also among them, ibid. ver. 23 : wherefore Paul is speaking not of himself, or at least not of himself alone ; comp. ch. vi. 10. Some, however, have flgo/Ao/g, and moreover dsff/^oTg ///ou,1 a reading that aro…
462 wordsSECTION 40811Ebkews X. 37, 38. 441
1 Pet. iv. 19. The apostle evidently takes his arguments from the past, and recounts the proofs of their having done the will of God, ver. 32, 33. Nevertheless, doing the will of God for the present and future is not excluded. This doing of the will of God is taken for granted in all the virtues of believers, which…
437 wordsSECTION 409Chapter Xl
as far as it can be done. — %«/) and ; for Int. Elegantly : for both halves of the verse flow from the same holy affection (feeling). — sav utfoorg/X^ra/) The Heb., I think, may be thus inter preted : Lo, if a soul draw itself back., the soul of that man (of him, namely, who draws himself back) is not right (nor pl…
376 wordsSECTION 410Hebrews Xi. 2. 443
things which are not seen are set before us as solid realities (vpdyparot). That which is absent is opposed to substance ; a non-entity, a dream, is opposed to the proof or evidence of things. Whence it is clear how closely the two words vpaypdruv cohere, so that they form, as it were, a compound word, pdruv-eXeyx…
419 wordsSECTION 4114-14 Hebrews Xi. 3.
if they were present; comp. ch. xii. 1. This is an excellent summary of the Old Testament, in which the apostle, by a re markable gradation, comprehends the pursuits of those men of former times — their labours, journey ings, expectations, tempta tions, martyrdoms ; and shows how we ought to seek, in all its fulne…
415 wordsSECTION 412Hebrews Xi. 4. 445
our only understanding by faith, that they were produced by the word of GOD ; but that the creation of these things which are seen was thus effected, we best understand by faith alone ; — a fact which shows much more the wonderful power of faith. There is an amplification of rb nary pried at, were framed, by means …
447 wordsSECTION 413446 Hebrews Xi, 5, 6.
mode of life in offering the sacrifice. But Abel conducted him self more righteously in the kind of sacrifice which he offered. The husbandman, Cain, brought an offering of the fruits of the earth : Abel, a pastor of sheep, brought of their firstlings and fat. Here, then, the latter took the best which he had, — a …
426 wordsSECTION 414Hebrews Xi. 7. 447
favoured with no divine appearance, as we may gather from this passage ; so neither had Moses before he left Egypt, ver. 27. The position (thesis), that he is, etc., was strongly felt by Enoch, and is asserted from the faith of Enoch. The faith of Enoch, which is described in a manner so singular, seems to have had…
430 wordsSECTION 415448 Hebrews Xi. 8-10.
the same way as eVayysX/a, the promise, ver. 9, 11, 13, 17, 33, 39. 8. 'A(3paa/j,, Abraham) Rom. iv. 1, 16, etc. — vvrfaowfev JggX^s/i/, xat IgSjXtfg, obeyed so as that he should go out, and went out) A grada tion [but Engl. Vers. joins IJgX^/vwith xaXou/o-gvog] ; comp. 2 Cor. viii. ver. 10, at the end, and ver. 1…
439 wordsSECTION 416Hebrews Xi. 11-14.
449 whole city was founded and completed by Him alone : He not only made it, but also found it [ch. ix. 12, tupd/tmf]. 11. Ka/ uvrr) even herself, the weaker vessel. — air^aro^ seed) by her aged husband. — •-«/?« xaipbv 7i\ixfag, past age, past the time of life) Paul has a similar passage, Rom. iv. 19. — ^/<rrov r…
421 wordsSECTION 417450 Hebrews Xi. 15-19.
15. 'E/A^/AOVSUOV, they had remembered) They had forgotten, by faith. — xaipbv, a time) an opportunity, during so many years. 16. Ovx f^raiff^vsrat) God is not ashamed, although they are inhabitants of the earth, and strangers : lie is not ashamed, be cause He has bestowed on them great blessedness, such as it bec…
433 wordsSECTION 418Hebrews Xi. 20, 21. 451
expression very like this in Num. xxvi. 10, they became a sign. Abraham not only bore [' received '] his son, as he had previously conducted him to the mountain, but he also himself became a parable \_figure~\, and so obtained a good report, ver. 2. For all posterity celebrates the faith of Abra ham, who offered h…
424 wordsSECTION 419452 Hebrews Xi. 22, 23.
which weakens the sense. Moses does not mention Jacob speaking, much less standing, during that act of worship. There was greater reason for Moses mentioning both the bed and the head of the bed, than for his mentioning the rod and the top of the rod. For in like manner, in 1 Kings i. 47, King David worshipped on …
438 wordsSECTION 420Hebrews Xi. 24-26. 453
among the Hebrews and Greeks. Chrys. on this passage remarks, ap^srai WTO ruv yovsuv rov Mu'Jffsojg, affq/tuv TIVMV ANAPflN : he begins with the parents (yo«/;) of Moses, some undistinguished MEN. Hesychius explains var'spes as TXo6<r/o/ 5? trpoyovoi, wealthy \inen of note], or ancestors. So ^arspsg, i. 1, iii. 9, …
438 wordsSource & rights
Public domain historical edition (1857-1858); scan/OCR from Internet Archive.
Project Gutenberg source record →
Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.