PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
Gnomon of the New Testament — Volume 4
Bengel, Johann Albrecht, 1687-1752 · 208,940 words · 469 reading sections
132 Philippians Ii. 7.
use that power ; compare Ps. Ixix. 5 ; Gen. iii. 5, etc. This feeling on His part is at the same time indicated by the verb fyetirQai, to regard, to treat it as. It would not have been robbery (rapina), if He had used His own right ; but He abstained from doing so, just as if it had been robbery. A similar phrase a…
476 wordsSECTION 122Philippians Ii. 8. 133
LXX., KSVOV Tro/Jjtfa/, Is. xxxii. 6, where the matter discussed is indeed quite different, but yet Paul, when he uses sxsvuffsv, translates by it the verb ion, Ps. viii. 5, with which comp. Heb. ii. 7. Wherever there is emptying, there is a thing containing and a thing contained. The thing containing, in the empty…
470 wordsSECTION 123134 Philipp1Ans Ii. 9, 10.
besides, and as if He did not excel other men ; He assumed to Himself nothing extraordinary. — fravsivugev MVTOV, He humbled Himself [Engl. Vers. made Himself of no reputation^) The state of emptying gradually becomes deeper. — yevo^svog u-Trqxooc) became obedientjHeb.v. 8, viz. to God. This ellipsis expresses wXaf…
406 wordsSECTION 124Ph1L1Ppians Ii. 11-13. 135
heaven] The heavenly inhabitants bow their knees, for Christ the Lord has taken heaven. — smystuv, of things on earth) For He dwelt upon the earth. — xara%doviuv, of beings under the earth) See Mark iii. 11 ; Job xxvi. 5 [Eph. iv. 9 ; Rev. v. 13.— V.g.] Afterwards He also presented Himself to them. This division g…
452 wordsSECTION 125136 Phil1Pp1Ans Ii. 14-17.
^g svboxfag, of His good pleasure) To this refer, to will; and to do, to, who worketh. 14. Hoisfrs, do) with His good pleasure. Sons ought to imi tate their father, ver. 15. — y^wpis yoyyvapuv, without murmurings) in respect of others. To this refer a^s/^-rro/, blameless. Not only brawlings and clamours, from whic…
429 wordsSECTION 126Philippians Ii. 18-21. 137
tion, as Engl. Vers. implies], Rom. xv. 16 ; and as at the holo causts, a libation of wine, was usually made, and it was poured out at the base of the altar, so Paul rejoices that his blood should be poured out. The future accomplishment of the sacrifice was matter of joy to both. Here is the superior excellence of…
428 wordsSECTION 127138 Ph1L1Pp1Ans 11. 92.
do we suppose in our times approve themselves unto God I [This fact may be put to the test, when a man ought to have given his assistance to a laudable undertaking, either near or at a dis tance, which either he has not under his charge, or which he does not perceive will be of advantage to him, Judg. v. 23, viii. …
459 wordsSECTION 128Ph1Lippians Ii. 23-30. 139
23. 'll£ civ atf/<§w) a-7nds?v)l to carry off or acquire^ to obtain in formation. — s^aurrjc;, presently) The relative force implied in the avrrt$ of the compound has regard to the phrase, / shall have obtained the information (of your state). 25. 'Ertappodirov, Epaplwoditus) iv. 18. — tfuffrpar/wr^ a fellow- sold…
385 wordsSECTION 129140 Ph1Lipp1Ans Iii. 3.
2 'E-rr/tf-o^iwy, longing for} Something of nature may have been mixed up with this ; but when grace is the predominant element, all things are esti mated by love. — V. g. a matter of somewhat less importance than the danger to the life of Epaphroditus, who however most rightly purchased by this disadvantage [the …
285 wordsSECTION 130Philippians Iii. 2. 141
1. To Xombv, Furthermore) a phrase used in continuing a dis course, 1 Thess. iv. 1. So \oivbv and rot Xo/<roD are used. — Vd aura, the same things) concerning joy. \Tlie proper principle on which to rest our rejoicing is presently presented, nameli/, to be in communion with Christ. — V. g.] — ova oxvypov, is not tr…
570 wordsSECTION 131112 Phtlippians Itt. 3-5.
name of the circumcision (^spiro/j^g) in the following verse. The circumcision of the body was now useless, nay hurtful. See xarars/AVM on the prohibition of cutting the flesh, Lev. xxi. 5 ; 1 Kings xviii. 28. He speaks not without indignation. 3. Tap, for) This gives the reason why in ver. 2 he separates and bani…
409 wordsSECTION 132Philippians Iii. 6-8. 143
jamin) son of Rachel, not of the maid-servant. — s? 'Efipatuv, of the Hebrews) not a proselyte, and neither the one parent nor the other being of the Gentiles. — <E>af/<ra/b?, a Pharisee) of the most rigid description [" of the straitest sect," Acts xxvi. 5]. 6. A/wxwv, persecuting) He formerly thought that he was …
425 wordsSECTION 133144 Ptiilippians 1It. 0, 10.
Zornii, T. ii. Opusc. sacr. p. 514. Gataker says : " f marks out any worthless thing, that is to be cast away, such as the excrements of animals, the dregs and grounds of liquors, the dross of metals, what falls from plants, the refuse of the crops, the bran of meal, the crumbs of the table, the wipings of the han…
441 wordsSECTION 134Philippians Iii. 11. 145
change of the word pgai/affraovv], but of the rising of Christ, Heb. vii. 14 [The Lord sprang out of Juda], as the verb avac- ojrfa/ is used in Acts xiii. 32, where see the note [cbaarjja'a; 'lytfotv — " quum suscitavit et nobis prcesentem exhibuit ;" adding that this absolute ' suscitatio' is distinct from the " s…
465 wordsSECTION 135H6 Philippians Iii. 12, 13.
considered as one resurrection, by reason of the xoivuvia, fellow ship. After the mention of the resurrection, he brings in some things suited to his own present state, and interweaves the rest [of the discussion of the resurrection] at ver. 20, 21. 12. Ou;/ or/, not that., not as though) In his highest fervour, t…
481 wordsSECTION 136Philippians 111. 14-16. 147
14. °Ev, one thing) viz. / do. — ra OT/CTW, £/*e things that are be hind) even the very part of the course that has been finished. — s-TTsxruvo/Atvog) that is literally, extending myself over. The eye goes before (outstrips) and draws on the hand, the hand goes before (outstrips) and draws on the foot. — Kara ffxon…
452 wordsSECTION 137148 Puilippians Iii. 17-19.
17. 2u^a,//A>jra/, imitators [followers] together with) Paul him self was an imitator [follower] of Christ ; the Philippians, there fore, were to be imitators [followers] together with him. — ffMTTsTre, regard [marfc]) with unanimity. — OVTM$, so) The inferior examples of friends of the Cross of Christ ought to be …
445 wordsSECTION 138Chapter Iv.
the proper time, although even now they want frankness.1 — oi ra siriyem <ppovovvrs$, who mind earthly things) The antithesis is at the beginning of the following verse. 20. 'Hpuv, our) whom you have as a type or example [ver. 17]. — 7«p? for) This gives the reason why the Philippians ought to imitate them. — TO K…
355 wordsSECTION 139150 Ph1Lippians Iv. 2, 3.
2. UapaxaXu, I \beseech], exhort) He uses this word twice, as if exhorting each of them apart face to face, and doing it with the utmost impartiality [implied by repeating the like word to each separately]. 3. Na/, yea) an agreeable [conciliatory, affectionate] particle, Philem., ver. 20; Heb. NJ. It is put, as it…
328 wordsSECTION 140Philippians Iv. 4, 5. 151
competitors in the public games, whose names were openly read and became famous. — ev /3//3Xw £w?j£, in the book of life) viz. are, or, I pray may be. The optative must be often supplied, ver. 23. They seem, to have been already by that time dead, for we generally follow such with earnest wishes1 of that sort. Who …
536 wordsSECTION 141152 Phil1Pp1Ans Iv. 6, 7
kindly spirit) in their mind, and wish no ill to the unkindly, but yet they conceal their benignity ; these do not act rightly. — craovi/ avdpuiroig, to all men) good and bad, or the unkindly, ch. ii. 15, even that the wicked may be gained. No one is so harsh in spirit as not to show himself kindly to some one, fro…
426 wordsSECTION 142Pi1Ilifp1Ans Iv. 8, 9. 153
g — vo^ara, hearts — thoughts) The heart is the seat of the thoughts. 8. To) The summing up. In ch. iii. 1, ro XO/TOV concludes the particular admonition to joy ; and here ro Xoivbv concludes the general exhortation to every duty. — 6Va, whatsoever things) in general. "A, Those things which, ver. 9, specially in r…
440 wordsSECTION 143154 Philipp1Ans Iv. 10, 11.
makes a transition from what is general (ota, whatsoever) to what regards Paul. There would have been place for the xa/, and, before a, which [i.e. but for the Asyndeton], the word xa/, also, still remaining [i.e. in order to connect this ver. with what follows bearing on Paul in particular]. — faovffare, ye have h…
445 wordsSECTION 144Philippians Iv. 12—16. 155
12. Tafftivovadai, to be abased) in dress and food. — irspifftftvuv, to abound) even in relieving others. The order of the words is presently inverted, so that the transition from few to many, and from many to few, may be marked. — sv vavr}, in everything [Engl. Yer. everywhere]) A Symperasma,1 as all things, ver. …
701 wordsSECTION 145Chaptek I.
20. 'H 3o'ga, glory) in return for His gift, 2 Cor. ix. 15. The doxology flows from the joy that pervades the whole epistle. 21. nai/ra ay/ov, every saint) individually. So presently in ver. 22, All the saints. %ai oi, and the, viz. saints, so called in a wide sense. Therefore, brethren, ver. 21, may rather be unde…
365 wordsSECTION 146158 Coloss1Ans I. 6~9.
ye have heard of] before I wrote. — ev r& Xoyw r%g g, in the word of the truth) Eph. i. 13. The truth of i knowledge/ ver. 6 [ye — knew — the grace of God], corresponds to the truth of preaching in this verse. Neither admits of arti fice (being tricked out for show). 6. E/s) tic, and ev here are parallel. — xal SG…
469 wordsSECTION 147Colossians I. 10-12. 159
He made mention of prayers for them generally, ver. 3 : he now states what he prays for. — KXypuQqre, ye may Refilled} This verb, with its derivatives (conjugates), often occurs in this epistle, as far as ch. iv. 12, 17. — rqv liriyvutiv rov QsXq/Aarog avrou, with the knowledge of His will) There is a gradation in …
419 wordsSECTION 148Ico Colossians I. 13-15.
behalf of the Israelites, ver. 12-20, on account of the Gentiles, ver. 21, etc. Comp. Eph. ii. 3, 11. — V. g.] — rfi ixavuffavn, who hath made us meet) For we had been formerly not meet. The same word is found at 2 Cor. hi. G. — g/'g, for) i.e. that we might receive a part of the inheritance of the saints ; comp. t…
448 wordsSECTION 149Colossians 1. 1C, 17. ^ 101
the first-begotten of every creature) He was begotten ; and that, too, before the creation of all things. The vpb, which is contained in ^rpwroVoxoj, governs the genitive xriffsug. Time is an accident of the creature. Therefore the origin of the Son of God precedes all time. 16. "On, because) The second part of th…
428 wordsSECTION 150162 Coloss1Ans I. 18, Id.
was, of which the latter might, however, have been used in a dignified sense, comp. John i. 1 ; but He is, in the present ; comp. John viii. 58. — <rpb ndvruv, before all things) even before time, i.e. from eternity. — xa/ ra vdvra iv aurw <7uvg<rr»j7cg) and all things in Him came together into one system [Engl. Ve…
416 wordsSECTION 151Colossi Ans 1. 20, 21. 163
Father]. This must be supplied, in accordance with the mind of Paul, who, while he mentions the benefit conferred by Christ, never fails to remember the Father. As to the Father's being well-pleased in the Son, comp. Matt. iii. 17 : For £u<3oxw with the accusative and infinitive following, see 2 Mace. xiv. 35. Mor…
436 wordsSECTION 152164 Coloss1Ans I. 22-24.
reconciled you ; although you were enemies, nevertheless He has reconciled you. The Apodosis is to be referred to the words immediately preceding, although they do not render the sentence complete. — dcroxar^/^aggj', reconciled) i.e. God hath. 22. 'Ev rui ffb)fj,ari rr\c, ffapx.bg alrov, by the body of His flesh) …
402 wordsSECTION 153Colossians I. 25-27. . 105
in which I Jill up in turn. And is used as but,1 Eph. v. 27. — avrava'7r\wZ)) I fill up in turn) The measure of sufferings was fixed, which the whole Church must endure. The more of them therefore that Paul endured (drained out), the less is left for himself and others ; the communion of saints produces this effect…
437 wordsSECTION 154Chapter Ii.
do&g, the hope of glory) Christ in us is a most delightful thing in itself, but much more delightful in respect of those things which shall be revealed, ch. iii. 4 ; Eph. i. 18. So Rom. v. 2. 28. 'H/^g/c, we) ver. 1 [I and Timothy]. — cravra av^wcrov, every man} This expression, so often used, has the greatest dziv…
383 wordsSECTION 155Colossians Ii. 2, 3. 167
and then uses a reproof, which savours of paternal authority. But to those places where he had not been personally present, he sent such letters as may be compared to persons preaching to strange hearers (Gastpredigten) ; presenting to them a compen dious view of the whole doctrine of salvation. See that you have …
413 wordsSECTION 156108 Colossians Ii. 4-6.
12, note. — anoxpvpoi, hidden) for it is a mystery, ibid : comp. 1 Cor. ii. 7, 8. 4. M?j ng, lest any man) So ver. 8, 16, 18. — cra^aXoy/^ra/ Jv KiQavoXoyia, beguile you with enticing or plausible words) Comp. Eom. xvi. 19, with what goes before. That is, an enticing plausible speech, which, for example, makes a s…
281 wordsSECTION 157Iv. Conclusion, 7, 8, 10, 11, 15, 16, 18.
1) General, by which he stirs them up to perseverance in Christ, 6, 7 : And admonishes them not to be deceived, 8. Here again he describes the mystery of Christ, in order, 9, 10: And in the same order derives his admonitions from Christ, the Head, 16 : And from His death, 20, et seqq. : And from His exaltation,…
369 wordsSECTION 158170 Colossians Ii. 9, 10.
ver. 23, was vain deceit. — Kara, according to) This definitely points out what philosophy is intended, and restricts the general appellation to the Jewish philosophy. This is indicated in the discussion, ver. 11, 16, 20; wherefore the proposition in ver. 8 ought not to be more widely extended, as if also applying …
416 wordsSECTION 159Colossians Ii. 11-13. 171
[by and from Him] with wisdom and power. — ^ xep aXy vatrqs, the head of all) Eph. i. 10. — ndtrw apxys, of all principality) There fore we ought to present our petitions to Christ, not to angels. 11. Kai) also. Paul now enumerates the steps in the pro gress of those, who have become partakers of the fulness of Ch…
425 wordsSECTION 160172 Coloss1Ans Ii. 14.
Eph. ii. 4, 5. The words, took away (ypxsv, ver. 14), and made a show (efaytAdritevj ver. 15), which have no copulative conjunction connecting them, either with one another or with ffwe^uovo/TiffM,1 depend on this expression, along with the annexed participles, all of which (viz. both the verbs and the participles)…
455 wordsSECTION 161Colossians Ii. 15. 173
The handwriting was an enemy to us, but God took it out of the way, Eph. ii. 15, seq. — roTg bdy^aaiv, by the decrees) the deter minations of His good pleasure. These are the decrees of grace. [But Engl. Vers. the handwriting of ordinances, viz. the legal ordinances.] The mention of the writing is included in that …
432 wordsSECTION 162174 Colossians Ii. 16, 17.
graph, [which treats of GOD down from ver. 12.— V. g.] and which is here concluded. [Evidently as Eph. i. 20, ii. 5. — V. g.] 16. Olv, therefore) The therefore is deduced from ver. 8—1 5. See ver. 16 (comp. note on ver. 20), ch. iii. 1, 5, 12. — xpmru, let no man judge) A Metonymy of the antecedent for the conse q…
445 wordsSECTION 163Colossians Ii. 18. 175
ceremonies. The body, as well as the shadow, to which it is opposed, is the predicate ; and therefore it may be thus resolved : meaty drink, etc., are the shadow of things to come ; but the body of Christ is the body [the substantial thing], or, in other words, that which belongs to Christ is the body. Allusion is …
445 wordsSECTION 164176 Colossians Ii. 18.
Often f*SH, with 2 following it, is expressed by the word 6eXu, sQ'sXu, evdox5>, SovXo/uai sv nvi, for example, 1 Sam. xviii. 22, 25 ; comp. the compound ifrXolfjjtfxi/a, ver. 23 : £s>.wi<, 07ie w/w does something with his will [with inclination : a volun teer in doing]. Comp. Mark xii. 38, note. — raifeivoppoffvvf…
428 wordsSECTION 165Coloss1Ans Ii. 19-22. 177
intrudes, are not in themselves utterly xsva, vain, but only not seen by him) ; but he lays down something even more weighty, since the e/&(3anvsiv rather expresses the haughti ness of the xaraftpaSevtav. On the opposite side, the xparety to hold the Head, corresponds, which is not done in vain, but tends to incre…
432 wordsSECTION 166178 Colossians Ii. 23.
and removed from superstitious fear and severity (rigour). — •/.ara, according to) as the commandments of men are wont to be. — ra IvraX^ara xa/ didaffxaXiag, the commandments and doctrines) Matt. xv. 9, note. 23. "Anva, which) An Anaphora [repetition of the same word in beginnings] : comp. a, which, ver. 22. — te…
406 wordsSECTION 167Colossians Ii. 23. 179
by faith, to have a just estimation of himself not in himself, but in his Lord Jesus Christ alone, whereby he is not unworthily to degrade himself, inasmuch as having been redeemed at such a price, and striving for such a great reward, for example, through the appearance of JdeXofyjjtfxs/as, will-worship : Acts xi…
396 wordsSECTION 168Chapter Iii.
1. T« «f<w £»jrg/rg, seek the things that are above) Christ, after the resurrection, immediately directed His eager thoughts towards heaven, John xx. 17, note.1 So also believers, Eph. ii. 6. 2. <&povsTrt, Have a relish for, set your mind, or affections) They who truly seek the things that are above, cannot but re…
388 wordsSECTION 169Colossians Iii. 6-11. 181
), your members) of which united the body of sin consists, ch. ii. 11. [Here all impurity, without exception, is repelled and excluded. — V. g.] — fat rr\g yfa, upon the earth) where they find their support. These things are presently enumerated. — vopveim, x.r.X., fornication, etc.) Eph. v. 3, 4. — vaQog, passion …
425 wordsSECTION 170Colossians Iii. 12, 1,3.
is not present) In the estimation of God and of believers there is present neither Jew, etc. — "EXXjjv xal 'lovdaTbg, Greek and Jew) The concrete for the abstract, as afterwards also Christ is used : for circumcision and uncircumcision, which occur presently, are abstract nouns. — a%f>oj8utfr/a, uncircumcision) Eve…
410 wordsSECTION 171Colossians 111. 14-16. 183
forgiving) past offences. On these depends the clause, so also ye [i.e. the vptfs is construed with Ave^o^evoi]. — o XpHtrbg, Christ) who had the greatest cause of complaint against us. 14. 'ET/, above) Here the climax reaches its highest point ; love, superior to all things, 1 Pet. iv. 8. — -rr\v aydnriv, love) v…
674 wordsSECTION 172Colossians Iii. 19-25. -Iv. 1~3. 185
18. — Chap. iv. 1. A/ yuva/kec, /c.r.X., wives, etc.) Eph. v. 22— vi. 9. — sv Kvp/u, in the Lord) These words are construed with s, submit yourselves ; comp. Eph. vi. 1 : or else with as it is fit ; comp. in this view ver. 20, unless vvaxowrt, obey, ver. 20, be there likewise construed with iv KiWw. It may be cons…
396 wordsSECTION 173186 Colossians Iv. 4-10.
1. To dixaiov xai T^V faorqra, justice and equity) Comp. ra airdc, [ye masters do] the same things [unto them], Eph. vi. 9, note. 2. T^ vpoffevxffl, in prayer) Eph. vi. 18. 3. 'H/zwv, for us) Ch. i. 1. — avoi^y dvpav roD Xoyou, would open the [but Engl. Vers. not of the mouth ; therefore, " a door"] door of uttera…
573 wordsSECTION 174Colossians Iv. 11-15. 187
liberated. Paul might have so called Aristarchus, because he had been formerly imprisoned. — 6 ave-fyibg Bapvdfia, [sister's son, Engl. Vers.] kinsman to Barnabas) Barnabas was better known than Mark ; therefore the latter is designated from the former. — tftpl ou, concerning whom) namely Mark ; the o5 refers to th…
382 wordsSECTION 175188 Coloss1Ans Iv. 16-18.
this passage. The house of Philemon was open to the congre gations of believing Colossians, Philem. ver. 2. 16. ' Avayvufftyj shall be read) publicly, in the church. Comp. 1 Thess. v. 27 ; Rev. i. 3 ; Deut. xxxi. 11. — T\ S-TTIGTOX^ the epistle) this very one. — woiqaart, cause) So also 1 Thess. as above. — rrtv I…
291 wordsSECTION 176Vii. Conclusion, ... 25, 26, 27, 28
1, TiauXo^ Paul) Paul, in this epistle, which was the first of all that he wrote, uses neither the title of an apostle, nor any other, because he writes most familiarly to the godly Thes- salonians, who did not require a preface regarding his apostolic authority, ch. ii. 6. The divisions of the epistle are as foll…
439 wordsSECTION 1771 Thessalonians I. 4-6. 191
lieving, not proceeding merely from love. — 1xoVoo, labour) in spiritual and external acts of kindness. Those who evade all exertion that gives them trouble, in consideration of their own interest and quiet, love little. [Some one may say. Who will pro cure for me leisure to undertake this labour ? Nay, but beware …
419 wordsSECTION 178192 1 Thessalonians I. 7~10.
the word from heaven, and taught it under adversities. — with) Construe this with having received (d&^a^&voi). 7. Tu^ous,1 types, patterns) Ensamples of faith; see presently, and in the following verse. 8. Tap, for) The intensive particle. — s^^rai) was given (spread) abroad with a clear sound. — roD Kvpiov, of th…
371 wordsSECTION 179Chapter Ii.
1. Tap, for) This refers to ch. i. 5, 6 ; for what was there laid down as the proposition, is now taken up again to be discussed, and that, too, regarding Paul and his companions, ver. 1-12 ; regarding the Thessalonians, ver. 13-16. — ov xsvy, not vain) but foil of power. 2. npotfaMvreg, having suffered before) th…
363 wordsSECTION 180104 1 Thessalonians Ii. 4-7.
4. &e&oKit*dfffAeQay we have been proved [approved]) Refer to this word, doxi/udfyvn, who proveth and trieth, which presently occurs. — apsffKovres) careful to please. 5. 'Ev Xo^w xoXaxsias, in flattering words) The antithesis is in ver. 7, 8 ; even as a cloke of covetousness has its antithesis in ver. 9 ; and the…
433 wordsSource & rights
Public domain historical edition (1857-1858); scan/OCR from Internet Archive.
Project Gutenberg source record →
Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.