PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
Gnomon of the New Testament — Volume 4
Bengel, Johann Albrecht, 1687-1752 · 208,940 words · 469 reading sections
326 Titus Iii. 10-14.
10. Aiperixbv, a heretic) one following, according to his own will, the things which are found fault with at ver. 9. — -rapa/roC/, reject) cease to admonish him, for of what advantage is it ? We should be labouring in vain.1 Matt. vii. 6. 11. 'Egitfrpafl-ra/) It is thus the LXX. translate the Hebrew "jDn, Deut. xx…
322 wordsSECTION 302328 Philemon 6-9.
1. TlauXog, Paul) A familiar and exceedingly courteous s, urbane) epistle, concerning a private affair, is inserted among the books of the New Testament, intended to afford a specimen of the highest wisdom, as to the manner in which Christians should manage civil (social) affairs on more exalted principles. Franki…
587 wordsSECTION 303Philemon 10-12. 320
in spiritual things, ver. 4, etc., HE BEGS him to re ceive Onesimus, a runaway slave, 12—17. And desires him to provide a lodging for himself, 22. m. CONCLUSION, 23-25. -rotoijrog, such) He lays down three arguments why he would rather affectionately exhort and ask him, than issue a command : his own (Paul's) nat…
368 wordsSECTION 304330 Philemon 13-18.
spiritual affection, ver. 17. — irpoe'Ka.Bov, receive) A mild word, occurring again in the same verse (17). 13. "Oc, whom) He shows that Onesimus was now worthy to be trusted. — vvsp <rov, for thee) on thy account [in thy stead]. 14. 'nr, as it were) A mitigating particle ; for although Philemon had not been compe…
414 wordsSECTION 305Philemon 19-24. 331
19. 'E/w llauXos, I Paul) It was his handwriting. — sy I will repay) as a parent is wont to pay the debt of his son. The prisoner writes in good earnest, and with confidence that he would not want the power [of fulfilling his engagement]. But yet he promises conditionally, viz. if Philemon would exact it, ver. 21.…
254 wordsSECTION 306Epistle To The Hebrews
MANY anonymous writers, though unknown, endeavour to be useful to their readers ; but the writer of this Divine Epistle shows, that he was known to those to whom he writes : xiii. 19. And the Apostle Paul is said to be the writer of the epistle, with the general consent of antiquity. Above all, Peter, writ ing to …
257 wordsSECTION 307334 Hebrews.
5, 18, 19, 22, 25, 26, 28 ; viii. 1, 6, 11, 13 ; ix. 1, 10, 11, 15, 28 ; x. 5, 39 ; xi. 7, 11, 13, 19, 35, 37 ; xii. 1, 4, 10, 12, 22, 23, 27; xiii. 1, 5, 9, 10, 14, 18, 20, 21, 23, 25. In former times, some thought that Barnabas, or Luke, or Clemens Romanus was the author : in fact, because every one of them had t…
450 wordsSECTION 308Hebrews. 335
The whole application of the discourse is, to confirm the faith of the brethren in Jesus Christ, ch. xiii. 8, 9. Moreover, he confirms it, by demonstrating His glory. He calls this the sum (the principal point), ch. viii. 1. Hence all the divisions of the epistle, abounding in the sharpest admonitions, and the most…
269 wordsSECTION 309Ministers, 17-19.
And hence the hearers are SUMMARILY ROUSED TO ACTION, ii.-vi. 20. II. The fact itself is copiously (1.) Explained. He is to us a. A GREAT HlGH PRIEST, I. Such as Psalm ex. describes ; 1. According to the order of MELCHISEDEK, vii. 1-19 : 2. With AN OATH, 20-22 : II. And therefore peculiarly excellent ; 1. A H…
250 wordsSECTION 310Hebrews I. 1. 337
and simply, brethren : and so again not until ch. x. 19. For two principal and special exhortations begin at these passages. Besides, he calls them brethren at the Conclusion, ch. xiii. 22 ; and beloved, after that sharp admonition, ch. vi. 9. He who will weigh well, in this Synopsis of the epistle, these ad dress…
307 wordsSECTION 311338 Hebrews I. 1.
1. Ho\\)[Mtpuc, xal Ko\vrpoKuc) GOD spoke #o\vpspS>s, in many portions. The creation was revealed in the time of Adam ; the last judgment in the time of Enoch ; and so from time to time knowledge was given more fully unfolded. He also spoke ieo\\irf>faus, in divers modes of revelation, in dreams and visions. There…
514 wordsSECTION 312Hebrews I. 1. 339
beginning of the epistle, admirably anticipates objections, and presents a conciliatory argument ; so that the apostle hereby declares, that he embraces the whole scripture of the Old Testa ment, and asserts nothing contrary to it. Wolfius has more on this passage. Moses occupies the first place among the prophets…
440 wordsSECTION 313340 Hebiiews I. 2, 3.
I. Absolutely, — a) by the very name of Son, ver. 1 ; j3) by three glorious predicates, expressed by as many finite verbs along with the pronoun who : Whom He lias appointed, by Whom He made, Who sat down ; and in this way His course, as it were, is described from the beginning of all things till He reached the go…
451 wordsSECTION 314Hebrews I. 3. 341
this predicate, by the three participles. Paul mentions these >ints in the same order, Col. i. 15, 17, 20. The first participle and likewise the second, from the finite verb exMitev, sat down, being the aorist, have the meaning of an imperfect tense, and may be resolved into because, &v, <pfyuv rs, because (inasmuc…
441 wordsSECTION 315342 Hebrews 1. 4.
r& pfoan, by the word) The Son of GOD is a person ; for He has the word. — avrov) The same as tavrov in the next clause. — 81 lavrou) by Himself, i.e. without the external Levitical instrumen tality or covenant. This power of His shines forth from the titles already given. — xaQapiffpbv, purification) There lies hi…
457 wordsSECTION 316Hebrews 1. 5. 343
have just now quoted, that Paul uses the Chiasmus even else where, but more frequently to the Jews; and Surenhusius shows, in the /3//3Xog xaraXXayJjg, p. 78, etc., 607, 608, that their teachers greatly delight in this figure of speech in their writings. Therefore the apostle, who became all things to all men, has…
433 wordsSECTION 317344 Hebrews I. G.
would be greater than the angels. The seed of David, or the Son of David, is one name, under which, according to the nature (relation) of the predicate, sometimes Solomon, some times Christ — sometimes Solomon, and at the same time, in a higher sense, Christ — is intended ; an ambiguity well suited to the times of…
424 wordsSECTION 318Hebrews I. 7. 345
the rights of primogeniture, which the Only-begotten most emi nently possesses. Paul also uses similar language, Rom. viii. 29 ; Col. i. 15, 18. In this passage, the appellation, First-be gotten, includes the description of the subject of Whom the Psalm is treating, with the ^Etiology1 or reason given for the pred…
428 wordsSECTION 319340 Hebrews I. 8, 9.
cious and the most subtile, but yet very far inferior to the ma jesty of the Son. Therefore the expression, cro/£v, who maketh, intimates that the angels are creatures, made by His command ; but the Son is eternal, ver. 8, and the Creator, ver. 10. The subject, viz. ayysXo/, angels, and Xsiroupyol, ministers, as is…
445 wordsSECTION 320Hebrews I. 10, 11. 347
GOD, as in the preceding verse. — zt.aiov aya\\ia<swg) the oil of gladness, and everlasting joy, is the Holy Spirit. — Kapa rovg (j,er6%ou$ ffov, above [as compared with] thy fellows) These fellows may seem to some the angels ; for even the angels have the name of gods, sons of God, morning stars, although in a far…
440 wordsSECTION 321Chapter Ii.
perish) There is the same word at Luke v. 37 ; James i. 11 ; 1 Pet. i. 7 ; 2 Pet. iii. 6. 12. 'AXXaJg/s, Thou slialt change. — dXXay^ffovra/, they shall be changed) Many read for <xXXaJg/g, k^J^ng : but there is the one verb *pn twice in the Hebrew, which the LXX. often translate a\Xdffau, never by sX/Vtfw.1 — 6 a…
385 wordsSECTION 322Hebrews Ii. 2. 349
concerning Christ the prophet, the king, the priest : concerning Him as the prophet, for it is said, He hath spoken, ver. 2 : con cerning Him as king, for it is said, Thy throne, ver. 8 : concern ing Him as priest, for it is said, He hath made purification, ver. 3. And so ch. ii., concerning Him as prophet, present…
458 wordsSECTION 323350 Hebrews Ii. 3.
on the part of those who were guilty of its violation. — every) without respect of persons. — Kapa[3aff/g %ai vapdpaaig, transgression, by doing evil : Kapanori, disobedience, by neglecting to do good. The Metonymy of the abstract for the concrete, viz. for the transgressor and disobedient, who properly receive th…
430 wordsSECTION 324Hebrews Ii. 4, 5. 351
especially appeals to the apostles who had been long with the Lord; comp. Acts i. 21, x. 41, xiii. 31, note; and he only appeals to the testimony of those apostles in a general way, in order that he may bring the Hebrews to the Lord alone. — sis was, to us) This denotes that age then present. — spsSaiuQq, has been…
428 wordsSECTION 325352 Hebrews Ii. 5.
ment, where they are now our fellow-servants. And from this very circumstance, that they are our fellow-servants, we under stand that they are not inactive under the New Testament, but merely that they act under a different relation from that under which they acted under the Old Testament. As in this passage angel…
431 wordsSECTION 326Hebrews Ii. G. 353
in our translation, " the everlasting Father." — mpi %$ of which we speak) We speak, we teachers, ch. v. 11, note. By this clause the force of a proposition is obtained for [is imparted to] this short verse. And the proposition is, all things shall be subjected to Jesus Christ. 6. Aie/tctprbfan de vov rig, but one…
437 wordsSECTION 327354 Hebrews Ii. 7, 8.
as if it could scarcely be so. — 5j, or) Dltf p, the son of man, in this passage, conveys the notion of something more insignificant than D1X, man. — viog avtydvou) D1K p, comp. Ps. xlix. 3.1 Again without the article. — lieuti&Krv) avrbv, takest account of him, visitest him) An increase in the force of the express…
430 wordsSECTION 328Hebrews Ii. 9. 355
the world to come, ver. 5. Often yap, for, is useful for the ^Etiology of [assigning a reason for] what is said; ch. vii. 14, ix. 24 ; and so Paul, Rom. iii. 28. — avrti, avrp) under Him, under Him, the man of whom he is speaking, the Son of Man. This is explained in the middle of ver. 9, concerning Jesus, the app…
455 wordsSECTION 32935^ Hebrews Ii. 9.
the actual crowning. The apostle takes away from tlie Jews the offensive scandal (stumbling-block) of the cross : and so refutes the argument, which might be drawn from the sufferings of Christ against His glory, and that glory the source of glory to us also, as that he even inverts it [turns it into an argument fo…
450 wordsSECTION 330Hebrews Ii. 9. 357
Christ tasted death for every one except God. This sentence is to be explained by its members. I.) Ilavrog, as the KUVTM, occur ring five times in ver. 8, 10, is neuter, which is acknowledged by Orig. Theod. Ambros., quoted in Estius ; for in the mascu line it is wont to be plural, virep vdvruv, 2 Cor. v. 1 5 ; 1 T…
458 wordsSECTION 331358 Hebrews Ii. 9.
ally but God) is subject to Christ : xupi$ is used to express an exception. So Epiphanius, 6/d Kavrbg, %wp/g ^svrjjxotfrTjj, at all times except Pentecost : ligeres. Ixxv. Thomas Magister writes, rb crX^v xai rb Jxrog, TO %upig drjXouffi ; %w/>/£ is explained by trt^ and sxrbg, except. Theodoritus acknowledges that…
444 wordsSECTION 332Hebrews Ii. 10. 359
this reading, nor the interpretation which has been here pro posed by us ; yet it is open to the reader to consider the matter more fully. La Croze, lib. iii., de Christianismo Indico, c. 3, § 64, shows the consistency (unanimous agreement) of the Syriac copies in joining both readings. — ygu<njra/, might taste) T…
441 wordsSECTION 333C. D.
compounded of &P-/TI and «/w ; and dp%r, looks forward in the text to reXsiuffat (coinp. ch. xii. 2), but «/w looks back to aya- yo'vra. Therefore the proposition comprehends a number of im portant sentiments, which may thus be unfolded : — 1. Jesus is the Captain of salvation. 2. It was necessary to procure salva…
380 wordsSECTION 334Hebrews Ii. 11. 361
siders us as His own offspring : DHT*, vaidia (soboles), offspring, are synonymous. Comp. Ps. xxii. 31 ; Is. liii. 10. — s/s do^av, unto glory) This glory consists in this very circumstance, that they are sons, and are treated as sons ; Rom. viii. 21. Examine John xvii. 10, 22, and that whole prayer ; and comp. ver…
441 wordsSECTION 335362 Hebrews Ii. 12.
mated) without us. — o dy/a^wv, He that sanctifieth) Christ, ch. xiii. 12. Christ is called He that sanctifieth) on account of that whole benefit, viz. that He by Himself makes us holy, i.e. divine [be longing to God]. — 01 dy/a£o>£)/o/, they ivho are sanctified) the people, ch. x. 10, 14, 29. To sanctify, to bring…
451 wordsSECTION 336Hebrews Ii. 13.
Old Testament, by which the preceding discourse of the apostle is admirably confirmed, by Chiasmus, in retrograde order. For the apostle mentions Ver. 10, Sons. Ibid., The perfecting, or con summation by sufferings. Ver. 11, The relationship of Him who sanctifies, and of those who are sanctified. Christ says, …
378 wordsSECTION 337364 Hebrews Ii. M.
so we confidently (by faith) put our trust in Christ, and through Christ in the Father. The argument is very important against the merit of men's works. But Christ exhibited this confidence not for Himself, for He and the Father are one, but for His own people, ver. 16. Every instance of present assistance gave as…
449 wordsSECTION 338Hebrews Ii. H. 365
transposed the words) is the order of the words, just as in Eph. vi. 12, vpbs aTpa xat ffdpxa. Whether the expressions are used indiscriminately, or aJ^a is put first sometimes for a certain de finite reason (which may be sought for in this passage from those who write on Physics), I dare not determine. Although m…
433 wordsSECTION 339366 Hebrews Ii. 15, 16.
comp. 1 Cor. xv. 27 with the preceding, where Paul uses the same synonyms, xarapysTv, viroTdffffsiv. So Ps. viii. 3, IYQB>ni> rou xaraXvaai, that thou mightest still the enemy and the avenger. — rb xpdros, power) great indeed, Matt. xii. 26, 29. — s^ovra) having [who had] by a certain law [right], namely, in so far…
449 wordsSECTION 340Hebrews Ii, 17. 367
Matt. xiv. 31. If the apostle were speaking of the very incar nation of the Son of GOD, there would be in the antithesis the singular number ay/IXoy, an angel, or the angelic nature ; as it is, since ayy'sXuv occurs in the plural, ^p^nrog, seed, is taken as a collective noun.1 — G^sp^ccToc^AjSfaa^seed of Abraham) S…
436 wordsSECTION 341,%8 Hebrews Ii. 17.
and faithful High Priest, in the passage before us. II. HE- WAS CALLED a High Priest at the time when He was made perfect ; ch. v. 10. III. He was MADE High Priest when He entered into that which is within the veil ; ch. vi. 20 ; and when this entrance was made once for all, He always, as a Priest for us, presents…
425 wordsSECTION 342Hebrews Ii. 18. 369
tioned, the term pontiff (pontif&s), used by the Vulgate and other translations, will not, I think, offend any one ; but in this epistle, in which Christ is the principal subject, I do not know whether that term may be as well suited to the style of Paul as to the institutions of Numa. At least Seb. Schmidius uses …
402 wordsSECTION 343Chapter Iii.
1. "ofav, ivhence) An urgent particle. From those very things which have been said in ch. ii., consideration ought to flow. — • dfaxpol, brethren) He now for the first time addresses those to whom he is writing. And the title, brethren, from ch. ii. 11, has in it the idea of sanctity. — d-ytoi, holy) There is a Chi…
379 wordsSECTION 344Hebrews Iii. 2-4. 371
2. Tliffrbv ovra, who is faithful) Num. xii. 7, at the end, Kin flow TP3 ^33 n^o, LXX., o fapavuv pov (comp. presently after wards, ver. 5) MwD<r5j£ sv oXw rw o/xw /AOU -r/<rro£ lor/. He calls him faithful, who is both himself so, and is acknowledged to be so by GOD, and is praised on that account. From this flows …
846 wordsSECTION 345Hebrews 111. 7-9. 373
1 The Gnomon here agrees with the 2d Ed. and the Germ. Vers., having changed the decision of the older Ed., which had given the preference to the reading ov. — E. B. O5 is the reading of ABC and Rec. Text ; 6V of D(A) corrected, / Vulg. Lucif. — ED. if we retain our confidence. There is an expression of Paul's ve…
478 wordsSECTION 346374 Hebrews Iii. 10.
but without improvement. — rd spya pw9 my works) most glorious in affording help, partly also in executing vengeance. — naffap- dxovra err), forty years) This is joined with vpoau^&iffa in the LXX. and in the Hebrew, arid below ver. 17. At the same time the people both sawthe PVD, work of GOD, and offended GOD, unt…
445 wordsSECTION 347Hebrews Iii. 11, 12. 375
comp. ver. 10. So but they, Ps. cvi. 43 ; comp. also Luke vii. 5 ; Is. liii. 7, in the Hebrew. — oux tyvutav, they have not known) This is the aireiOeia, not to believe ; the apapria, sin, is described, ver. 9, iKSipaffav, they tempted. Concerning both, again, ver. 12, 13, and ver. 17, 18. — rag odovg ftov, My ways…
467 wordsSECTION 348376 Hebrews Iii. 13-15.
He who revolts from Christ, revolts from GOD ; ch. iii. 12-19. Chiasmus. ver. 13- -17 13. 'EOWTOVS, yourselves) Let every one exhort himself and another ; so far ought you to be from instigating and provok ing one another [to unbelief]. — ^spav, e^spov, daily, to-day) Conjugates ; ch. iv. 7. — uyjtc, o5, whilst)…
374 wordsSECTION 349Hebrews Iii. 16. 877
also [the source of] real enjoyment, in the second. So sv r& Xiysiv, in that He saith, ch. viii. 13. — u$ sv rSj <7rapa,<mxpaff{A£>, as in the Provocation) rO'HDiD ; it is taken as a proper name, with its signification. 16. Tfveg, who) Many write rtvtg, some; but the argument of the apostle is thus rendered somewh…
429 wordsSECTION 350Chapter Iv.
17. r£lv, ivhose) The event proves the fact. So also ver. 19. — wv ra xwXa sffeffsv sv rr\ spy/Aw) Num. xiv. 29, LXX., sv ry spy/Aw ravrrj ytffsTrat ra xuha bftuv. This appellation, D'HJD, xwXa, car cases, mere bodies, subject to decay, always indicates indignation. KwXa, limbs, properly feet, according to Eustathi…
379 wordsSECTION 351Hebrews Iv. 2, 3. 379
The same word occurs, xii. 15. The examples, xii. 17 ; Num. xiv. 40; Luke xiii. 25 : ijtfrspzTv <ro/?j<ra/ rb waa^a, to fail to keep the passover, Num. ix. 13. 'Yffr&ptiv, with Plato, at the beginning of the Gorgias, is to come after the festival is ended. 2. Pap, for) This refers to pofiqQuftsv, let us fear. — evq…
453 wordsSECTION 352380 Hebrews Iv. 4-9.
4. E'/pqxe, He said) viz. GOD, who also speaks in ver. 5, 7. — g/Sdo/^Tjj) viz. y]{Aspa$. — xa/ xargVauffsv 6 Qzbg sv ry, x.r.X.) Gen. ii. 2, LXX., Kai xar&Kuvoe rr\ y^'spa ry efSdofAri a<7rb vdvruv roJv spyuv avrov, wv sVo/'/3<yg, He rested, He withdrew Himself, so to speak, to His eternal tranquillity. It is rema…
440 wordsSECTION 353Hebrews Iv. 10-12. 381
enjoyment of rest, one, perfect, eternal. The verbal noun is extremely emphatic : it is not met with in the LXX. There will be no elementary sabbath in heaven ; because earthly labour shall have passed away : but the rest will be perpetual, which, however, itself will again have its own various modes (ways, divisi…
434 wordsSECTION 354382 Hebrews Iv. 12.
word, ib., and is joined with threatening, ver. 3. For Christ, the hypostatic Word, is not said to be a sword, but to have a sword (comp. Jos. v. 13, to which passage this passage, relating to Joshua, ver. 8, seems also to refer) ; nor is He called xpinxbc, judicial, but xp/rfo, the Judge. The appellation of Sword,…
433 wordsSECTION 355Hebrews Iv. 13, 14. 383
13. Kriais, a creature) A word quite general : presently after wards we find rtdvra, all things. — SVUKIOV aurov, in His sight) His, GOD'S, ver. 12. The analysis of the statement will be easy, if both of its parts are put in the nominative case : It is GOD, whose word is quick or living : it is GOD, before whom the…
746 wordsSECTION 356Chapter V.
16. nportpxwpeQa, let us draw near) The same word occurs, ch. vii. 25, x. 1, 22, xi. 6, xii. 18, 22 : in like manner, eyyifyiv, ch. vii. 19 : eissp^e&ai, ch. vi. 19 : e"co8o$, ch. x. 19. So Paul also, Rom. v. 2, xpoaayuyri. — ru fyovu, to the throne) ch. viii. 1, xii. 2 ; Is. xvi. 5. — r^s ^dpirog, of grace) This w…
512 wordsSECTION 357386 Hebrews V. 3-G.
the way) interchanges [confounds] good and evil, truth and falsehood. — aafavsiav, infirmity) which is sinful and to be expiated by sacrifices. 3. A/a ravryv, on account of this) Supply infirmity : or ravryv, this, is put for the neuter, as in Matt. xxi. 42. 4. Ka/, and) The apostle here commences a discussion on …
418 wordsSECTION 358Hebrews V. 7. 387
7. "Oj, who) namely Christ, the Son of God, the Priest. This is not said, but who, with great significancy in the relative pro noun ; for the subsequent discourse corresponds to the names given in ver. 5, 6. A summary of those things, which are to be discussed in ch. vii. and the following chapters, is contained i…
429 wordsSECTION 359388 Hebrews V. 7.
the series of the events shows, refer to Gethsemane. xpdfyiv and xpauyy, in the LXX. correspond to the verbs pjtt, and PJJS, and y\W, and denote a cry from the depths of the soul, or vehement de sire ; exrsveffrspovj more earnestly, Luke xxii. 44 ; ivith a most willing spirit, Matt. xxvi. 41, whatever may be the wo…
451 wordsSECTION 360Hebrews V. 8. 389
John xviii. 11. — d-ro) An abbreviated expression, siataxwffQels avb, as eppavrutpevoi a<7ro, ch. x. 22. So Ps. cxviii. (cxvii.) 5, 'OJS SrnftH sKrixouffs |ttou tic ffXaruff/Aov. — «TO rric, suXafiziac; [not as Eng. Yer. in that He feared] from horror). The Greek word here has singular elegance and denotes somethin…
699 wordsSource & rights
Public domain historical edition (1857-1858); scan/OCR from Internet Archive.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.