PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
Gnomon of the New Testament — Volume 4
Bengel, Johann Albrecht, 1687-1752 · 208,940 words · 469 reading sections
Chapter I.
Wffilmm i/ m/m jjimilmmii wirMtiMM'iMm Htt "TO GIVE SUBTILTY TO THE SIMPLE, TO THE YOUNG MAN KNOWLEDGE AND DIS- CUETION. A WISE MAN WILL HEAR, AND WILL INCREASE LEARNING; AND A MAN OF UNDERSTANDING SHALL ATTAIN UNTO WISE COUNSELS." — PROV. I. 4, 5. EDINBURGH: T. & T. CLARK, 38, GEORGE STREET. 5" 7 140392 JAN…
296 wordsSECTION 22 Galatians T. 2-G.
an apostrophe ; it is now without the apostrophe, for the sake of emphasis. — sys/puvro$, who raised) Tlie seeds preparatory to the discussion of his subject are [here already] scattered. The re surrection of Christ is the source of righteousness and apostle- ship, Rom. i. 4, 5, iv. 25 ; 2 Cor. v. 19. 2. UUVTSS, a…
415 wordsSECTION 3GALATIANS I. 6. tf
I. THE INSCRIPTION, i. 1-5. II. THE RECALLING OF THE GENTILES TO THE TRUE GOSPEL, WHERE I. He reproves them, 6-10. II. He asserts the divine authority of the Gospel preached by himself: because he 1) From a persecutor has become an apostle by heavenly calling, 11-17. 2) Never acted as if he had not been Peter's…
318 wordsSECTION 4Galatians I. 7-0.
the grace] Acts xv. 11. — Xp/tfrod, of Christ) The construction is with d^ro from.1) 7. 'O, which) This word relates to ^e Gospel, not to the words a different gospel — ou/t j<rr/i/ aXXo, is wo£ another) «XXo [aliud] rm- o£/i0»' differs from srs/w, [alterum] a second and different.2 Paul not merely rejects that so…
421 wordsSECTION 5Galatians I. 10. 5
been truly impressed with the Gospel ; he now therefore says, ye have received, and by this expression there is an epitasis [em phatic addition, or augmentation of force] in the repetition.1 — si) if. This is more positive than tav [though it should happen that], ver. 8. — \>{LUC, tvayy&Jfyrai, furnish you with any…
446 wordsSECTION 66 Galatians I. 11-16.
whom he either seeks or does not seektoplease. — Xp<ffroZ,of Christ) whom I seek to please, as is becoming in a servant, Tit. ii. 9. 11. 'AfoXpo/, brethren) He now at length calls them brethren. — jeara, according to [_after~]) Kara includes the meaning of the prepositions «-TO, dia, and ^apa, in ver. 1, 12. My Gos…
415 wordsSECTION 7Galatians I. 17, 18. 7
Jerusalem. — ev6'eu$, immediately) This is chiefly connected with atfijXQov, I went away. The sudden fitness of the apostle is denoted, Acts ix. 20, he straightway preached. [Moved, how ever, by peculiar modesty, he willingly yielded the palm to his senior colleagues, if at any time they were present. — V. g.] Jero…
618 wordsSECTION 8Galatians Ii. 3-6. 9
1 . A/a, after) At an interval of fourteen years between the two journeys to Jerusalem. 2. Kara avoxaXv^iv, by revelation) As Paul had revelations he had no need to learn from men. This revelation had been com municated to him for an important reason. — avede/^v) set before them [communicated], as equals are wont …
534 wordsSECTION 910 Galatians Ii. 7-9.
of the word. Paul had just made a preface, and points out the reason why he did so, and proposes the subject itself. In like manner, for occurs, ch. vi. 7. The preface is, that he does not depend on the consent of others ; afterwards, however, he shows that consent. — ov&v ffpoffav'sQsvro) they added [imparted]1 no…
486 wordsSECTION 10Galat1Ans Ii. 10. 11
that in their nature and in the feelings of their soul, which would demand that the one should exercise love and forbear ance, along with self-denial, towards the other, without, how ever, any compromise of the truth recognized by all. Hence it happens, that one and the same man, or one and the same as sembly cann…
417 wordsSECTION 1113 Galat1Ans Ii. 11-14.
Galatians, 1 Cor. xvi. 1. Paul did not cast away his zeal for good works.1 11. "Ors, when) The argument at last reaches its highest point. Paul reproves Peter himself, therefore he owes not his doctrine to man. — ' Avrifyeiav, Antioch) at that time the citadel of the Gentile Church.— xarce ^oVwcrov, to the face) c…
386 wordsSECTION 12Gal Ati An S Ii. 15.* 13
Pharisees, Acts xv. 10, 11. Here commences a proposition consisting of two members, of which the first, if thou, etc., is treated of in ver. 15, 16; the second, why — the Gentiles, etc., at ver. 17, 18. — 'lou<3a/bs ucra^wv, being a Jeiv) and therefore more closely related to the law. — stivmug 'Qc, livest after th…
404 wordsSECTION 137 O
16. E/'doYeg, knowing) i.e. since we have come to know. — s, a man) every man, whether Jew, or Greek. — Ig 'ipyw by the works of the law) The followers of Galatism, from not clearly understanding and not rightly interpreting the nature and end of the moral law, earnestly maintained the cere monial law ; and, ackno…
413 wordsSECTION 14Galatians Ii. 17. 15
though it is declared, that it cannot justify, is yet established by faith ; for, truly the ceremonial law is entirely abolished : [2 Cor. iii. 13] ; Rom. iii. 31. But Sinai, Gal. iv. 24, is much more celebrated for the Decalogue than for the ceremonial law. Nor was the ceremonial law a yoke intolerable in itself, …
432 wordsSECTION 1516 Galatians Ii. 18, 19.
back from the impropriety of such a consequence, that he not only subjoins, God forbid, but immediately softens the expres sion by turning it into an interrogation, and by using also the word diaxovog, minister, which is well adapted to mark the in dignity implied in this passage. There is no blame attached to Chr…
425 wordsSECTION 16Chapter Iii.
law,1 is used, in speaking of faith. — amQavov, Iva QI& ^ffw) Rom. vii. 4, 6, note. 20. Zvvsffrabpupui, I am crucified with) Death is included in the cross, as is evident from the antithesis, I live ; comp. Phil, ii. 8. On communion with the same ; Phil. iii. 10. — £w &, nevertheless I live) after that death. — ov…
373 wordsSECTION 1718 Galatians Iii. 2, 3.
obstructed by fascination [that a man is either of opinion that he does not see what he sees, or thinks that he sees what does not exist. — V. g.] — xar ixpQaXftovs, before the eyes) Very clearly. — vpos- ypdpri, hath been distinctly [evidently] set forth by writing) Things are said npoypdpzffOai, to be set forth, …
432 wordsSECTION 18Galatians Iii. 4, 5. 19
is no second [subsequent] justification given by the works of the law> — voVj now) Whereas having left the flesh, you ought to have become more and more spiritual. — ffapxt, in the flesh) Heb. ix. 10. [Phil. iii. 2 ; Rom. ii. 28]. No doubt the Galatians thought that they were going more deeply into the Spirit. The …
434 wordsSECTION 1920 Galatians Iii. 6-8.
powers) miraculous. — Ig, by) Supply, did He it. — Ig vfareus, by the hearing of faith) This expression along with the following verse constitutes the proposition, and in xa8u$, even as, assumes the force of an affirmative. 6. 'ABpaafA, Abraham) See Eom. iv. 3, note. The genealogy [pedigree] — the armoury of Paul,…
392 wordsSECTION 20Galatians 111. 9, 10. 21
by works. — BiKaioT, justifies [instead of would justify^) The pre sent, in respect of Paul then writing ; so, they have the blessing [are blessed, luXnyeDmw], ver. 9. — ^osu^/ygX/Varo, preached the Gospel before) A word, which very sweetly approaches to a Catachresis.1 The Gospel was preached to Abraham before the…
415 wordsSECTION 2122 Galatians Iii. 11-13.
11. 'EK vopu, in the law) Paul somewhat eagerly urges this matter, lest any one should say, I acknowledge that righteousness is not by the works of the law, but yet it is by the law itself. Many depended on the law, although they did not keep it, Rom. ii. 17, 23. He answers, it is of no advantage to them that do it…
481 wordsSECTION 22Galatians Iii. 14, 15, 23
became the curse, which we were, in our stead, that we might cease to be a curse. — yiypaKrai, it is written) Deut. xxi. 23, xsxarqpa/Asvoc U-TTO &sou rfas xps/Ad/Atvog swi ^uXoi». — Jcr/ ^i/Xou, on a tree) between heaven and earth. Our mother-tongue calls it the gallows. The apostles, in treating of redemption, me…
910 wordsSECTION 23Galatians Iii. 17. 25
himself did not bless, but received the blessing ; how much less can his posterity bless, who only receive with him the blessing by faith. Therefore the blessing is accomplished in Christ, who is the one Seed most excellent and most desired, who in and by Himself bestows the blessing. But yet, because all the poste…
433 wordsSECTION 2426 Galatians Iii. 18.
but Kpb, before, is added on account of those four hundred and thirty years. The testament was confirmed by the promise itself, and that promise repeated, and by an oath, and that too many years before : en, in ver. 18, agrees with this word before. — ftsra, after) It will be said : The epistle to the Hebrews (vii.…
428 wordsSECTION 25Galatians Iii. 19, 20. 27
6 &&bg, God) Here the promise is expressly predicated of God. 19. T/ oiiv o VO/AOS;) Some use this punctuation, «•/' olv; 6 vo>o?, x.r.X. Indeed r/ OUK is often put by itself; sometimes, however, the interrogation is given at length, ri olv py/ai ; 1 Cor. x. 19 : r/ olv rb -Trspiffffbv rou 'loyda/ou ; Rom. iii. 1.…
414 wordsSECTION 2628 Oalatians Iii. 21.
2 Ordained as a new thing to supersede the promise. — ED. the promise, and at the same time severe. — svoj, of one) The middle term of the syllogism, of which the major and minor proposition is expressed, the conclusion is understood, One does not make use of that Mediator (that is, whosoever is one [one and the s…
477 wordsSECTION 27Galatians Iii. 22. 29
ver. 22— iv. 7. The first consideration is proved by this Enthy- meme1 (of the same sort as at ver. 18) : If the law could give you life, righteousness would be by the law ; but righteousness is not by the law ; supply [the conclusion], therefore the law cannot give life. The major proposition is evident, for only …
432 wordsSECTION 28;50 Galatians Iii. 23~27.
ture) The Scripture, not God, is said to have concluded all under sin ; although a * concluding' of that sort is elsewhere ascribed to God, Kom. xi. 32. Moreover, it is worthy of notice, that he says, the Scripture, not the law. Scripture began to be written, not at the time when the promise was made, but at the t…
443 wordsSECTION 29Chapter Iv.
ing verses [ver. 28, There is neither Jew nor Greek, etc., for ye are all one in Christ]. Christ is the Son of God, and ye are in Him the sons of God. Tho. Gataker says, if a person were to ask me to define a Christian, 1 would give him no defini tion more readily than this : A Christian is one, who has put on Chr…
369 wordsSECTION 3032 Galatians Iv. 4, 5.
meat, drink, and other sublunary matters, all these being only material and external objects, iii. 28. — Comp. Col. ii. 8, 16, 20, etc. They are called tutors in the concrete, elements in the abstract. The Son of God, sent down from heaven, and the Spirit of the Son of God, iv. 6, are opposed to these worldly thin…
440 wordsSECTION 31Galatians Iv. 6-8. 33
in which those who are of age delight, along with the actual en joyment [usufructu] of the inheritance. — airohdfiupev) we might receive ; ano shows the suitableness1 of the thing, which has been long ago predestined by God. 6. "Or/, because) The indwelling of the Holy Spirit is the con sequence of the condition o…
370 wordsSECTION 3234 Galatians Iv. 9, 10.
3 ®eov, of God) See App., p. 11, on this passage, where the great variety renders it probable that 0goD was inserted from Rom. viii. 17. — Not. Grit. Yet the margin of the 2d Ed. gives less countenance to the omission, and the Germ. Vers. expresses the words of God, as if they were not doubtful. — E. B. ABC correct…
505 wordsSECTION 33Galatians Iv. 11-13. 35
than months, shorter than a year, i.e. feasts C3HVO, which the LXX. frequently translate xaipovg. — sviauro-jg, years) anniversary solemnities, for example, the commencement of the year with the month Tisri ; for it cannot be said that the sabbatical years, which had been fixed for the land of Canaan, were observed…
420 wordsSECTION 3436 Galatians Iv. 14-17.
14. Tbv vsfpaff/Aov fjt,ou, my temptation} i.e. me with [i.e. notwith standing] my temptation. Holy men, even apostles, in former times did not conceal their temptations, as men do now, not even in public. — sv ry craprJ pov, in my flesli) He mentions Paul in the flesh, 2 Cor. xii. 7. — ovx e%ovd&vqffare, ye did no…
414 wordsSECTION 35Galatians Iv. 18, 19. 37
cause in their case, he says, nor the manner is good. fy*&$) exclude you from us, from me. They think, that we shall be excluded from you ; but they would not exclude us from you, but you from us : IxxXg/fra/, I am disposed to think, is not used in the sense, in which the Latins say that chickens are hatched (excl…
440 wordsSECTION 3638 Galatians Iv. 20, 21
i/, again) &s formerly ', ver. 13. — udivu, I travail) with the utmost affection (zeal) ; 2 Cor. xi. 2 ; accompanied with crying [referring to (puvqv, voice'], ver. 20. [ When Paul wrote these very words, he exerted himself to the utmost, straining every nerve. _ V. g.] He speaks according to the exigencies of the …
434 wordsSECTION 3740 Galatians Iv. 25.
22. Tsypanrai, it is written) Gen. xxi. — ' Af3paa/j,, Abraham) whose sons you wish to be. 24. ' AXXyyopou/Azva) is compounded of a\\og and ayop'su, to say ; so that an allegory is, when one thing is said, another more ex cellent is signified, for example, in mythology ; see Eustathius, or at least the index to hi…
652 wordsSECTION 38Galatians Iv. 25. 41
2 Hence the omission of the word "Ayap in this verse, not so much approved in bondage with her children, require Ha gar to be mentioned : For [wit/i] her is to be referred, as not to Sinai in the neuter, so much the less to Hagar ^ but to Jerusalem which now is. The former (Hagar) had a son, but the latter (Jerusal…
505 wordsSECTION 3942 Galatians Iv. 26-29.
above, and eternal. The expression, which is above, is said with the greater propriety on this account, that it alludes to the higher and nobler part of Jerusalem, and rises above Mount Sinai : and the Jerusalem which is above, inasmuch as she is already our mother, could not be suitably spoken of as future [as th…
423 wordsSECTION 40Chapter Y.
30. *H ypapn, the /Scripture) Sarah [said], concerning Isaac [literally] ; the Scripture [saith so] by allegory. — exjS^Xe, cast out) from the house and the inheritance. — rqv vaidlffxyv xai rbv u/ov avrqs, the bond-maid and her son) The servile condition of itself deserves expulsion ; but persecution [on the part …
365 wordsSECTION 4144 Galat1Ans V. 2-5.
in itself, as it was made a yoke by the law ; and the law itself was much more a yoke. Therefore Paul, by a weighty meto nymy, puts the consequent for the antecedent : Be not circum cised, for he who is circumcised, along with this part of it, comes under the whole law, and revolts from Christ, ver. 2-4. Nor does …
443 wordsSECTION 42Galattans V. 6-8. 45
come. Rom. v. 4, 5. — a^^b^d^a) We wait for, and obtain by waiting for it. A double compound. Paul includes and con firms present things, while he mentions those that are future. 6. 'I0%u6/) prevails, avails. The same word occurs, Matt. v. 13; James v. 16. — ovrs at,xpo@v<Jria>, nor uncircumcision) This re fers to…
743 wordsSECTION 43Galatians V. 12. 47
11. 3"Er/) still [as yet], ch. i. 10. — x^tWw, I preach) Hence 1 See App. When a word is put twice in the same passage in a double sense. 2 Wahl notices the paronomasia in the words KtiQeaQau and Trtia^ovvj. He gives the latter word a transitive meaning, Studium persuadendi aliis ea quae nobis placent et probantur…
520 wordsSECTION 4448 Galatians V. 12.
which, as often happens, so here, has a passive signification : it corresponds to the Hebrew word JVO, and is a conjugate of the verb JyxoflTg/v, ver. 7. Either the whole, when a part is cut off [the whole has the part cut q/f], or a part cut. off from the whole, is said respectively affoxotfrsffQai. Some ascribe t…
453 wordsSECTION 45Galatians V. 13-15. 49
ancient editions, especially in that of Basle, 1545. Nay, o<pzXoi> may be very conveniently connected with the preceding words : apa xar^py^rai TO dKa\iba\ov rov ffravpov ; o<ps\ov, — was then the offence of the Cross taken away? I wish it were. "Of?Aov is subjoined in reference to a thing desirable (such as is als…
420 wordsSECTION 4650 Galatians V. 16-19,
16. Asyu 8s, but I say) He goes on to explain what he pro posed at ver. 13. — irvevpari, in the Spirit) See [ver. 18, 22, 25, ch. vi. 1—8] Rom. viii. 4, note. — ov f&$ rsXs^rg) ye shall not fulfil 17. To ds Kvevpa) and, on the other handy the Spirit against the flesh. The word etnOvpsT itself, or, inasmuch as that…
413 wordsSECTION 47Galatians V. 20-22. 51
which needed to be most recommended to them ; comp. ver. 15. He maintains this order, that he may enumerate the sins com mitted with our neighbour, those against God, those against our neighbour, and those in regard to ourselves ; and to this order the enumeration of the fruit of the Spirit corresponds, —axa- Qapr…
449 wordsSECTION 4852 Galatians V. 23-26.
Xfqffrorqs is rather to be referred to another, ayaQuffvvq, goodness, as it were pouring out, viz. spontaneously.— m<rn$) roi£tf, con sistency [steadiness], fidelity, to which are opposed seditions and heresies. Weigh well also the order of the words. 23. Tuv roiovruv, against such [persons]) This is the same, as …
437 wordsSECTION 49Chapter Vi.
here mentioned. — xevodo^oi) See Chrys. de Sacerd.1 § 587. — vpoxaXovpivoi, provoking) to envy. The relative exists on the part of [has reference to] the stronger. — pQovowres, envying) The correlative exists on the part of [has reference to] the weaker. 1. 'A(5sXpo/, brethren) An admonition peculiarly suited to th…
381 wordsSECTION 5054 Galatians Vi. 2-4.
assist. — npqorrirog, of meekness) In this is the power of curing: this is the pre-eminent characteristic of the spiritual man [comp. ch. v. 22]. — ffjiortuv, looking) The singular after the plural. Everv one ought to attend to himself. — *a/ en), tliou also) When one is tempted, another is easily tempted ; especia…
409 wordsSECTION 51Galatians Vi. 5~7. 55
of glorying, but of popnov, a burden. Nay, the very word glory ing, used by Mimesis,1 at the same time includes the contrary. — rb xav^r^a, glorying) that, by which he says : I am something. — fgg/, shall have) he himself being judge. 5. Qoprlov, a burden) either heavy or light. Comp. pdpy, ver. 2. — Gaaraffsi, sh…
439 wordsSECTION 525G Galat1Ans Vi. 8-11.
a man soweth) especially of his resources ; 2 Cor. ix. 6. — a man) any man. — rovTo, that very thing). — Qspiasi, he shall reap) The epistle seems to have been written in the time of harvest. Prov. xxh. 8, — o GKtipuv pavXa Qepiaei xaxa, he that soweth worthless things shall reap evil [" iniquity — vanity," Engl. …
439 wordsSECTION 53Galatians Vi. 12-14. 57
literas] is the expression used for a long epistle ; the quantity is not to be referred to the single letters, but to them when joined together. The Epistle to the Hebrews is longer, which however is said to be short, xiii. 22 ; but this is said to be long, because it was on one subject, by the hand of Paul himself…
442 wordsSECTION 5458 Galatians Vi. 15-17.
xayw r& XOO/A'^, and I to the world) The world is at variance with me : I could not, though I were willing, henceforth gain any favour from the world. This cross includes death, Col. ii. 20. 15. Ours 'yap rttpirofArj n sffrlv ovre axpofiuffria1) So it is accord ing to a very old reading. The more recent reading is…
441 wordsSECTION 55Chapter I.
ye the woman ?]. — p-qbtig vapexsru, let no man cause me) Herein there is 'Acroro/A/a, severity r, by virtue of his authority as an apostle. — syu 70^, for /) Affliction should not be added to the afflicted. — ra <rr/7/>t,ara, the marks) from the lash, Acts xvi. 23. These marks of stripes rendered Paul infamous in…
508 wordsSECTION 5662 Ephesians I. 1.
rr^v olffav sxxhqffiav, in the church that was at Antioch ; and Rom. xiii. 1, a/ <5« oucra/ sgoutf/a/, ancZ the powers that be [the existing powers]. Paul, when writing to the churches planted by himself, generally mentions many circumstances concerning present and former events, having reference to himself or the …
444 wordsSECTION 57Ephesians I. 3. 63
vi. 20. As regards the rest of the inscription, holiness is put before faith, ver. 4, 11, 12, where also the word xX^ou<r0a/ is before hope ;* moreover, at 2 Thess. ii. 13 ; 1 Pet. i. 2. It belongs to God to sanctify [set apart as holy to Himself] and claim us to Himself; to us, according to the gift of God, to bel…
343 wordsSECTION 58Iv. Conclusion, 21, 22, 23, 24.
I. Blessing God for the whole range of heavenly blessing bestowed by Him, ver. 3-14 ; and then thanksgiving and prayers for the saints, 15-ii. 10. 1 Kpoy'h'TrfxQTots, which Engl. Vers. renders trusted, instead of hope. — ED. 2 See App. It is the same word occurring in a different sense. II. A more special admoniti…
294 wordsSECTION 59Ephesians I. 4, 5. 05
very term denotes abundance. — fln>eu/*ar/x5j, spiritual) a thing pe culiar to the New Testament. — sv rote, svovpavtoig, in heavenly places) The term spiritual is hereby explained. Often in this epistle he mentions the heavenlies : ver. 20, ch. ii. 6, iii. 10, vi. 12. The glorious abode of the heavenly inhabitants…
430 wordsSECTION 60Gg Ephesians I. 6.
with the very beginning of the epistle, that love should be con strued not with lioly and ivithout blame — an expression which is likewise used without express mention of love, ver. 27 — but with the subsequent description of adoption ;x comp. ch. ii. 4, 3 ; 1 John iii. 1 : and that the love of God should be celebr…
443 wordsSource & rights
Public domain historical edition (1857-1858); scan/OCR from Internet Archive.
Project Gutenberg source record →
Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.