PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
Gnomon of the New Testament — Volume 4
Bengel, Johann Albrecht, 1687-1752 · 208,940 words · 469 reading sections
1 Timothy Iii. 15. 2(11
beloved colleagues, Andrew Melvin, John Cameron, John Fabri- cius ; and not without good reason. Respecting the same read ing or the pointing of the words, I have made some slight ob servations in the Apparatus, p. 709, 710 [Ed. ii. p. 399, sq.], which I would wish to be carefully noticed ; but I have reserved fur…
432 wordsSECTION 242262 1 Timothy Iii. 15.
[iv. 6] agrees with merle, [ver. 9], xaXrjs [ver. 6], with «5/o£ [ver. 9]. He expresses that formula, consisting of two members, in this by far the most magnificent passage, through the medium of loftier words, which are to be met with in the writings of the Hebrews ; for example, R. Levi of Barcelona gives this r…
440 wordsSECTION 2431 Timothy 111. 16. 263
were distinguished by ungodliness and error. Departure from the faith, lying, and fables, are opposed to the truth (iii. 16), a thing which is most especially to be noticed, ch. iv. 1 (the par ticle fc being interposed in ver. 1) : in ver. 1, 2, 7, the hypocrisy of those who speak lies, and have their consciences s…
887 wordsSECTION 244Chapter Iv.
1 Flesh and Spirit do not denote strictly the human and divine nature of Christ respectively ; but either of the two, according as it is His state of life among men, or as it is His glorified state with God. — ED. " afar off/' Eph. ii. 17). And the foundations of this preaching, and of the faith existing in the wor…
410 wordsSECTION 245266 1 Timothy Iv. 2.
and gradually more ; Rom. iii. 3, note.1 Their names are not mentioned. There are not wanting those who suspect the per son meant to be Apollonius Tyanseus, who came to Ephesus in the lifetime of Timothy. They do not deserve well at the hands of the truth, who too much extenuate the heretical doctrines of the firs…
429 wordsSECTION 2461 Timothy Iv. 3. 267
ledge of the truth," and ' thanksgiving' (ver. 3, 6), are presently after commended. The medical use of cautery is for the pur pose of curing ; here, therefore, a different use is denoted, it is for the purpose of branding men as infamous. Those who are a-jroKardxpiroi, condemned of themselves, are here intended, T…
415 wordsSECTION 247268 1 Timothy Iv. 4-G.
here merely to mention that respecting marriage (unless the a, which9 that follows, is to be referred to this also), and he refutes it also below, ch. v. 14. — fipupdruv, meats) They shall not forbid all kinds of meats (therefore the article is not added) ; for who would listen to such prohibitions ? therefore it i…
422 wordsSECTION 2481 Timothy Iv. 7-10. 261)
ished up, 2 Tim. i. 5, iii. 15. Continued nourishment. — Trie, Ktffreu?, of the faith) in thy behalf [for thine own good], — rqg xaXfo fadaffxa,Ma$, of good doctrine) in behalf of others [for the good of others]. — »j vctp ^oXou^/tac) which thou hast commenced (undertaken) to follow up (i.e. in all its details). Co…
433 wordsSECTION 249270 1 Timothy Iv. 11-13.
for this end, with this hope. — jca/ XOCT/W//.SV *a/ oveifafype&a,, we both labour and suffer reproach) despising the advantages and aids (safeguards against suffering) of this life : ove/d/^o/^a, in the Middle voice [we suffer ourselves to be reproached]. — ^X-r/x- CC/AI-V, we have hoped) we have placed (rested) o…
439 wordsSECTION 2501 Timothy Iv. 14-16. 271
14. M^ «/££>.£/, do not neglect) They neglect, who do not exer cise the gift, and who think that they cannot fall away. — xatpfa- the gift} 2 Tim. i. 6. — diu «po£>»jr«/ag {ASTO, s<7ri6sffsus ruv ov irpsffffurspfov, by prophecy r, with the laying on of the hands [viz. by prophecy] of the presbytery) Construe the pr…
422 wordsSECTION 251Chapter Y.
thee. — ffuffsig, thou shalt save) viz. so as not to be seduced, ver. 1. — roi>$ aKovovrag, them that hear) with obedience. 1. nptfffSvrepu, an elder) The word here denotes age.— M sT/crX??^, do not rebuke) This belongs also to the words which follow. — uc, «<5s>.£>oi)£, as brethren) So an old man ought to exhort …
340 wordsSECTION 2521 Timothy V. 5-9. 273
m the law, as of being born, so also of begetting ; and your parents, by supporting you, have bound you, if you have any shame, to pay the debt of bringing up grandchildren (for them). — Yal. Max., 1. 2, c. 4. But the word pavQavtruffav, let them mm, and its plural number, shows that the matter under dis cussion, …
409 wordsSECTION 253274 1 Timothy V. 10.
/u,»j sXarrov eruv g^xovra) The genitive here does not depend on the comparative, for in that case it would have been written sXarruv,1 but on ^pa ; sXarrov (for xara sXarrov, as Lat. summum, minimum, for ad summum, ad minimum, at most, at least) is used adverbially. So Plato, rdXavra oux eXarrov sKarov (at least …
447 wordsSECTION 2541 Timothy V. 11-14. 275
11. Hapairov, refuse) Do not take up their case. The same word occurs. Tit. iii. 10 (reject, vapairov). — orai/ yap xaraffrpri- viaffu(n rov Xputrov) when they have begun to wax wanton (to in dulge in luxury) against Christ, viz. with regard to ecclesiastical, benefits. The genitive is governed by xara; what ffrpyv…
412 wordsSECTION 255276 1 Timothy V. 15-18.
widows under sixty years. The monastic system regarding nuns is quite inconsistent with the whole meaning of the apostle ; and Paul does not write to Timothy about the govern ment of any company of monks, for there were none such in existence. — yaptfv, rexvoyoveTv, otxodsffKortTv, to marry, to bear children, rule…
386 wordsSECTION 2561 Timothy V. 19-21. 277
19. nptfffiurzpov, an elder) ver. 17. — xar^yop/av, accusation) According to the law of Moses, a private person might be sum moned, but not condemned, when there was only one witness : Paul directs that an elder should not even be summoned; for both his character as an innocent person stands higher, and he is more …
433 wordsSECTION 257278 1 Timothy V. 22-24.
note. There ought to be judgment, not prejudice (prejudging) ; ver. 24. — Kara -TTpoVxX/ff/v) The glosses by the same writer are, Kara KpoffxXiffiv, Kara ")(a?iv, vpoff-Trddziav, ^ zrepofA&psiav, In short, prejudice through hatred, parta'afo'ft/ through favour. \_0ften a man is hurried headlong by some impulse, and…
389 wordsSECTION 258Chapter Vi.
antithesis is, follow after. — s/$ xpitiv) [Engl. Vers. to judgment] so far as concerns the judgment to be formed of the men.' — r/<r/) That is more emphatic than if he had repeated rwuv ; some also their own sins follow. — !TaxaXou0ot/<r/, follow after) Meanwhile we must wait patiently, till the matter fully discl…
334 wordsSECTION 259280 1 Timothy Vi. 3-5.
dvri\a/j,(3av6/j,syoi, [Eng. Vers. partakers of the benefit, but Bengel] subserving the [divine] beneficence) Beneficence is the beneficence of God, as the word, the name, the Spirit* the wrath, stand for the word of God, the name of God, etc. Believing masters, as being benefactors [ivspy&rai, taken out of guspygc…
433 wordsSECTION 2601 Timothy Vi. 6-9. 281
making gain), a thing given for the sake of procuring pro perty. 6. "Etn 8i} but is) He does not wish altogether to deny that godliness is a gain. — iropitipbg) a ready and sure (' expedite') mode of providing a living.1 — ft'eyac, great) for it produces a mind contented with its lot, unknown to all others. — / a…
424 wordsSECTION 261282 1 Timothy Vi. 10-12.
10. Tidvruv ruv xaKZv, of all evils) For it destroys faith, the root of all that is good : at first sight, the love of money seems to take away the nutriment or food that supports many crimes, as luxury, wantonness, etc. ; but it is in reality the root of all evils. All evils in ver. 9 are comprehended under tempta…
447 wordsSECTION 2621 Timothy Vi. 13-15. 283
The divine calling and profession of believers are correlatives. Both take place in baptism. [If at any time thou hast made a promise to GOD, He Himself deems that thou art bound to Him ; and that is remarkable good-will on His part. — V. g.] — TTJV xa\w 6/AoXoy/ai/) that [not a, as Engl. Vers.] good profession, [v…
399 wordsSECTION 263284 I Timothy Vi. 16, 17.
of which the reason (the regulating principle), power, knowledge, and revelation, is in His own hand. So 7<3/og, ch. ii. 6 ; 2 Tim. i. 9 ; Tit. i. 3. A divine reservation. — fai%ei, He shall show) To be shown is an expression used of what formerly existed. God will show Him (Acts iii. 20), of whom a most magnificen…
429 wordsSECTION 2641 Timothy Vi. 18, 19. 285
Ephesus. This forms the Appendix (the Postscript) of the epistle, which is of great importance. — ^X-Tr/xera/, to have trust) This bad ' trust/ which nerves the grasp with which they cling to riches, checks the enjoyment (aoroXaixr/v), which Paul pre sently mentions. — dS^XoV^r/, uncertain) [lit. the uncertainty of…
444 wordsSECTION 265286 1 Timothy Vi. 20.
of charity, for thou wilt lay up for thyself a good deposit for the day of necessity." Otherwise the rich do not collect treasures for themselves, but for others. To collect by giving, forms a pleasant Oxymoron [see Append.] The preposition OOTO has admirable force in avodyiffauptfyvrag, apart [in store] for a dis…
431 wordsSECTION 2661 Timothy Vi. 21. 287
is opposed to xevopuviag ; the <puvrt, implying vehemence of voice, being opposed to temperate speech or word, Xoyog']. Moreover, the word yvuffig agrees with the Hebrew \njrP, a wizard, in the passage quoted above, which the Greeks, in the books of Samuel and Kings at least, have interpreted yvw<rnjv [as we use th…
417 wordsSECTION 267290 2 Timothy I. 2-3.
1 miss the mark, err] and sagacity, yet they have lost the true sagacity, which is connected with faith, not comprehending what is to be believed, and what it is to believe ; comp. 2 Tim. iii. 7, 8. — i] xapic, grace) not unknown to thee. He briefly indicates it. — [Atra <roD, with thee) No salutations to others ar…
252 wordsSECTION 268Iii. The Prayer, 22.
Paul wished Timothy to come to him in prison without fear ; and he was about to deliver up to him before his decease the lamp (torch-light)1 of the evangelical office, ch. iv. 5, 6. This epistle is the testament and last words [" cygnea cantio," swan- like death-song] of Paul. It was written long after the first E…
776 wordsSECTION 269292 2 Timothy I. 6, 7.
1 They differ as the German Andenken and Erinnerung : pvypYi and memory or recalling to mind, and the act of putting in mind or the being reminded. See Tittm. Syn. and Wahl Lex. — ED. Hesiod's Theogony. Lois seems to have been the mother of Eunice, and both were dead. 6. A/ r,v ahiM, for which cause) namely, becau…
488 wordsSECTION 2702 Timothy I. 8, 9. 293
ii. 14, etc. ; concerning sober-mindedness, ch. iii. 1, etc. [These gifts are preferable to any miraculous powers whatever. — V. g.] — xa/ d/aTTjg, and of love) Moreover love embraces even those who are prisoners [in a spirit of bondage], by driving out fear ; comp. 1 John iv. 18. — xa/ ffuppoviff/tou, and of sober…
427 wordsSECTION 271294 2 Timothy I. 10.
This salvation is not merely a thing to be acquired (acqiiisitiva), but a thing to be applied (applicativa), for this very reason, that it is so closely connected with the calling. All the things which are placed, ver. 9, under Kara, in actual fact [in the very act] precede salvation and calling. Salvation and call…
437 wordsSECTION 2722 Timothy I. 11-13. 295
/« rr^ — (xa/) dia rov evayyeXiov, made manifest by His appearing — (and) by the Gospel. 11. 'Edvuv, of the Gentiles) Construe this not only with teacher, but also with preacher and apostle. There are three designations, preacher, apostle, teacher. I. A public preacher is one who may discharge his office even in o…
409 wordsSECTION 273296 2 Timothy I. H-16.
his mind. It is from this that an outward profession must de rive its strength. Paul placed before Timothy faith and love : let Timothy i express' and ' represent' in turn [alluding to vKorwruffig, rucro?] faith and love. — s^s) hold : a word suited to the context, which is respecting a deposit. He uses g^e, not £…
582 wordsSECTION 27421)8 2 Timothy Ii. 3-8.
1. 20, thou) The exhortation is intensified ; ver. 3, ch. iii. 10, note [in antithesis to the previously mentioned backsliders, ch. i. 15]. — r'exvov ftov, my son) An argument why Timothy should imitate Paul, viz. from his spiritual relationship. — evdwa- IM\J) i. 7, be strong ', and show thyself to be so. [This is…
600 wordsSECTION 2752 Timothy Ii. 9-13. 299
as usual, quickens (gives life to) his own example by the example of Christ. — lyriyspittw sx vsxpuv) An abbreviated ex pression, i.e. Who died and was raised from the dead; so we [if we are to share His resurrection, must share His death], ver. 11. Kara, according to, depends on these words. — IK tivsp- jtarog Aa…
409 wordsSECTION 276300 2 Timothy Ii. 14, 15.
if we fall away. — V. g.] Thus the subsequent axiom corre sponds to it, He cannot deny, etc. So in Dent. vii. 9, 10, He is praised as the faithful God, 6 ®sb<; 6 KHSTOS, who both rewards the godly and takes vengeance on them that hate Him. — ou dvvarai, He cannot) This impossibility is worthy of our praise: Jer. x…
426 wordsSECTION 2772 Timothy Ii. 16. 301
mean cutting in the literal sense (xeap, the heart is cut, meta phorically, by xeprofAiav), nor xaivorop'scij, PV/AOTO{ASU idvrofiog oJ/&og. The literal meaning and force of the opdos is rather to be re tained in opQoro/jLoiivra : for in the passages quoted [where bpSoro^v is in the LXX,] we find the Hebrew word "i…
434 wordsSECTION 278302 2 Timothy Ii. 17-19.
as afterwards in the phrase vo^v g'Jg/, will have pasture, will eat. These men think they are going forward in sacred things. The future is used in its strict sense ; for it is a prediction, as in will have pasture (will eat) in the next verse ; comp. iii. 1. 17. 'T/t&va.io$, Hymenceus) who continued pertinacious ;…
438 wordsSECTION 2792 Timothy Ii. 20, 21. 303
preserves them as His ; and that fact jni11 He will make known, ibid. — xa;? and) Observe, says Petitus, according to Paul, that some words were written on both sides on the round surface of the seal ; for on the one face of the seal these words are read, the Lord knows, etc., but on the other, let him desist, etc.…
440 wordsSECTION 280304 2 Timothy Ii. 22-24.
which the first is explained by the second, the third by the fourth. Therefore and connects these two pairs. Cornp. iii. 17, apnog — sfypTiffft'evos. — r& dsffKorr,, truly-serviceable to the Master) viz. God, whose house Paul in his epistles to Timothy calls the church. — crav 'ipyov dyadbv, every good work) ch. ii…
430 wordsSECTION 2812 Timothy Ii. 25, 26. 305
evils. There is sometimes need of zeal, always of gentle ness. 25. M^org) w interrogative : with this expectation, if at any time, etc. — 5<2 avroTg 6 ®dc, God may give to them) For it does not belong to human power. A motive for patience. [He who attempts to use violence, so much the less accomplishes aught: nor…
356 wordsSECTION 282Chapter Iii.
1. ToDro 8s y/wtfxe, but know this) The apostle's statement is quite distinct, 1 Tim. iv. 1. — sv l<r^ara/$ tips pang, in the last days) which had at that time begun to be, ver. 5, at the end. A similar expression is found at 2 Pet. iii. 3 ; Jude ver. 18. — evarq- covrai) shall come unexpectedly. The future, in res…
365 wordsSECTION 2832 Timothy Iii. 7-10. 307
The expression is clearly demonstrative. — oi svdwovrts, they who ereep in) privately. — ywaixdpta) silly women, who are presently described as like those (in ver. 5). — emdv^iais cro/x/Xa/g, with various or divers lusts) of the mind and of the flesh : iv. 3. Even this variety is a source of delight. 7. Mav&avovra…
397 wordsSECTION 284308 2 Timothy Iii. 11, 12.
lowed out) [fully followed up, traced out and known]. Timothy became the companion of Paul after the persecutions mentioned in this place, Acts xiii. 50, xiv. 5, 19, xvi. 3. This is therefore a well chosen word to employ here, as in Luke i. 3. So An- tiochus concerning his son : " I am persuaded that he, under sta…
436 wordsSECTION 2852 Timothy 111. 13-15. 309
those wishing or willing} Consider therefore whether you are willing ; comp. the word wishing (intending), Luke xiv. 28. Even a persevering will has a beginning. — svasfiuc %fiv) to live godly ; the whole energy of their life being devoted to Christian piety, Phil. i. 21. — Qfy to live) to pass life, Gal. ii. 14. …
427 wordsSECTION 286310 2 Timothy Iii. 16, 17.
consider this, who are so devoted to their teachers, under whose training they have been once for all brought up, that they admit nothing beyond their circle which is afterwards presented to them from Scripture. Sometimes slothful over-fulness of the mind and aMade/a, self-complacency, creep over men under the nam…
418 wordsSECTION 287Chapter Iv.
i7istruct ; comp. iv. 2. — JJ;>jpr/<r//,£i/o£? thoroughly fitted or perfected [furnished]) by Scripture. He ought s^aprffaQai, to fo tho roughly perfected., then he will be apriog, perfect. To become and to fo differ. 1. Ovv, therefore) This is deduced from the whole of ch. iii. — lyw, /) whom thou hast known, ch.…
356 wordsSECTION 288312 2 Timothy Iv. 37.
expression for all things. Of Terence: justa injusta, " things just or unjust ;" where Donatus says, expressions of this kind are proverbial — "fanda nefanda" right or wrong ; " digna indigna" worthy or unworthy. Pricasus has collected these examples, and more, all of which do not rest on the same footing as the ex…
434 wordsSECTION 2892 Timothy Iv, 8, 9. 313
note. — ryv wiffnv, the faith) The real thing, twice expressed by metaphor, is now in this the third instance expressed without a figure. — rerjjpTjxa, I have kept) to the end, Rev. ii. 10. 8. AO/-TOV, Henceforth) How delightful is this particle ! — the decisive moment. Paul, in accordance with the actual moment o…
443 wordsSECTION 290314 2 Timothy Iv. 10-13.
somewhat covertly, he at length, in the epilogue of the epistle, states openly, ver. 21. Timothy was both about to be a comfort to Paul the martyr, and about to be strengthened by him, and afterwards was about to carry on the work of the Gospel, perhaps, for some little time at Rome. He is reported to have become …
437 wordsSECTION 2912 Timothy Iv. 14-17. 315
personal security is not obscurely promised to him. — -rapa , with Carpus) The man must have been very faithful, to whom the apostle would entrust this most precious deposit. 14. 'Ei/sds/garo, exhibited towards or occasioned me [did me]) at Ephesus, or even at Rome. — «<rodul?j, reward) The apostle knew that he wo…
431 wordsSECTION 292316 2 Timothy Iv. 18-22.
beasts without a figure. / was delivered, he says, not He de livered me, because, that the Lord had done it, was not out wardly apparent. 18. K«/, and) Hope draws its conclusions from the past to the future. — pvfcrui /us, shall deliver me) Paul understands (views) all things on the side of salvation. Does he live…
382 wordsSECTION 293318 Titus I. 5, 6.
1—3. UoivXos, Paul) A title suitable to the character of Paul, and to the office of Titus. — Kara, according to) Comp. xara, ver. 4, 9 ; 2 Tim. i. 1, note. It is the duty of an apostle to propa gate the faith, Rom. i. 5. — wfanv, faith) faith — hope are the sum of Christianity ; and these things Titus ought to rega…
402 wordsSECTION 294• Titus I. 7-9. 319
1 — ra Xe/Vovra, the things that are wanting) the things which I could not accomplish when I was there, in consequence of the shortness of my time. — sirtdiop6u<fp) Paul diopduffaro (set in order), Titus evidiopQovrai (completes the setting in order). — us, as) Paul had stated the qualifications which the presbyter…
557 wordsSECTION 295O
10. Mara/o/.d^o/ xa/ ppevaffara/, vain-talkers and deceivers) Two nouns, GJ which the epithet is dvuworaxro/, unruly. As to who are vain-talkers, see 1 Tim. i. 6, 7. ppsca<rara/, those who deceive men's minds : awTroraxroi, unruly ; like horses, that hold the bit with their teeth, they are unwilling to submit to th…
416 wordsSECTION 296CHAPTER n.
common idea is satisfactory : bellies are slow which are useful to nobody. 13. *AX«j0»k, true) Although it comes from a Cretan. — g'Xe/^s, rebuke) The chief part of the rebuke follows. 14. Mu$o/£, fables) The antithesis is truth. 15. Hdvra fj^v, all things indeed) The defenders of fables and of the commandments o…
312 wordsSECTION 297322 Titus Ii. 4-11.
decorum. — ytaracr^a, behaviour ', dress [* habitus' exterior], is used here of the ornament of the virtues, which are presently enumerated. — jcaratfrjj/Aa is used in a large sense, as we find in the Greek Lexicon formerly printed at Basle in fol. — 5s3ou>.w- ftsvas, enslaved, under slavery to) It is indeed slaver…
385 wordsSECTION 298Titus Ii. 12-15. 323
different classes are mentioned, ver. 2—9. — V. g.] even to ser vants, even to the Gentiles ; comp. ch. iii. 2. 12. Tyv affspziav, ungodliness) In antithesis to evffs(3u$) godly. — rac, xo<r/z/xa£, worldly) which prevent men from living soberly and righteously. — ffuppovug xal <3/xa/w£ xa/ £U(rs/3w£, soberly and r…
425 wordsSECTION 299Chapter Iii.
2 He had been speaking of slaves or servants, ver. 9. — ED. 1. ' ' KpyjyJic, xa! s^ouffiaig, to principalities and powers) Crete was a Roman province. — ItbraactKsdcu, midapyjTv, to be subject, to obey) The words, avoqroiy foolish (comp. Ps.xxxii.9), d^sidsTg, disobedient, ver. 33 are opposed to them. 2. 'AfAa^ovg…
341 wordsSECTION 300Titus Iii. 6-8. 325
ldia Xovrpou iraXfyyevsffias xai avaxcuvufcuz nvg-^aarog ' Aytov, by the ishing of regeneration and renewing of the Holy Ghost) The renewing is immediately construed with by ; for as washing and regeneration, so renewing and Pie shed on us, are closely connected. Two things are mentioned : the washing of regenerati…
408 wordsSource & rights
Public domain historical edition (1857-1858); scan/OCR from Internet Archive.
Project Gutenberg source record →
Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.