PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
Word Studies in the New Testament — Volume 2
Vincent, Marvin R., 1834-1922 · 194,770 words · 521 reading sections
Gospel Of John. 63
and crucifixion. The Jews are tenacious of the expectation of a national Messiah. They represent the narrow, sectarian aspect of Judaism; they are the instigators and leaders of the opposi- tion to Jesus, and to them His crucifixion is attributed. John uses the word where the other Evangelists speak of the op- pos…
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whether John was the Christ (Luke iii. 15; Acts xiii. 25). Note the frequent occurrence of the emphatic 7: vv. 23, 26, 27, 30, 31, 33, 34. On the Christ, see on Matt. i. 1. 24. What then? Art thou Elias? JBetter, as Rev., Elijah. Some authorities read, What then art thou? Elijah? Elijah, predicted in Mal. iv. 5, a…
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Among you (séc0s tuav). The Greek idiom is a mid one in respect of you. “Ey, I, and pécos, a med one, stand re- spectively at the head of the parallel clauses, thus emphasizing the two contrasted parties. Standeth (éornxev). The best texts read otnjxet, a verb which is kindred to éornxev, but with the added sense …
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Seeth (@ré7ev). Both opdw and Bré7rw denote the physical act of seeing, the former seeing in general, the latter the sengle look. The perception indicated by BAérm is more outward ; the perception of sense as distinguished from mental discern- ment, which is prominent in opdw. <A look told the Baptist that the Mig…
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ii. 5) are used, and alpw, to take up and carry away, occurs only in the phrase his life is taken from the earth, A.V., he was cut off out of the land of the living, in accordance with the universal usage of the Septuagint, which never employs aipew to express the bearing of sin. If the Baptist had meant bearing, h…
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it was manifest to Xerxes that he had many men combatants (4vSpwrroe) but few warriors (avopes) vii., 210. So Homer: “O friends, be men (avépes), and take on a stout heart” (“ Iliad,” v., 529). ’Avyp is therefore used here of Jesus by the Baptist with a sense of dignity. Compare dvIpwros, in ver. 6, where the word…
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in with this, as indicating the spiritual influence of the divine Agent rather than His personality. 34. | saw (éépaxa). Rey., more strictly, according to the perfect tense, J have seen. See on ver. 32, and note the dif- ferent verb for seeing, on which see on ver. 18. Bare record (ueuapripna). Rev., have borne wi…
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36. Looking (éuBréWas). Rev., giving the force of the aorist, and he looked. See on ver. 29. The verb is used by John only here and ver. 42. As He walked (zepurarobvrt). The verb literally means to walk about (wept). Here, possibly, walking along. Westcott, “walking away.” See on 1 Pet. v. 8; Luke xi. 44. 37. Spe…
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marking the transition from one thing to another, and serving to connect the several parts of the narrative. See ver. 2oie. i. 18; iii. 25; iv. 28, 30, ete. Much more frequently thus than in the discourses, where it would be used to mark a sequence of thought. Still such instances occur, as vv. 91, 25; iii. 29; vii…
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whatever time of the day or night he should give the signal. - . . After refreshing themselves, they consigned them- selves to rest ” (ix., 37). Aristophanes says, “When the shadow on the dial is ten feet long, then go to dinner” (“‘Ecclesiazuse,” 648), and Horace, “You will dine with me to day. Come after the nin…
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festival freshness of those days beautifully corresponds the word Jindeth, which is frequently used here.” His own (zov idvov). See on Matt. xxii. 5; xxv. 153; Acts i. Peed: Petri We have found (evpjxayev). This has been called the chap- ter of the Eurekas. The Messias. Peculiar to this Gospel, and only here and …
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tence as expressing the prominent thought in Nathanael’s mind, surprise that Jesus should have come from Nazareth, a poor village, even the name of which does not occur in the Old Testament. Contrary to the popular explanation, there is no evidence that Nazareth was worse than other places, beyond the fact of the …
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floods of mine eyes gushed out, an acceptable sacrifice to Thee” (viii. 28). Nathanael asks, “ Whence Anowest thou me?” Jesus answers, “ J saw thee (eidov).” 49. Rabbi. Nathanael here gives the title, which he had withheld in his first address. 50. Under the fig.tree (i176 THs cvxfs). Compare ver. 48. Here the sa…
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understanding would have introduced into his work. See viii. 94, 25; x. 24, 25. Moreover, the phrase Son of man was not generally applied to the Messiah. On the contrary, v. 27 and xii. 34 show that it was set off against that term. Compare Matt. xvi. 13, 15. Son of God is the Messianic title, which, with one exce…
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nature through His humanity ; His presence and mission en- tail serious responsibility upon those to whom He appeals ; and He foresees a consummation of glory no less than of agony. Peewiacteumemoos s). 10+ xii. 8/32 :xii a7 S xvi. 13.5: xx. 18; xxvi. 64; Mark viii. 31, 38; xiv. 21; Luke ix. 26, 58; xii. 6} XVIL 2…
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authorities read: “they had no wine, for the wine of the mar- riage was consumed.” Marriage festivals sometimes lasted a whole week (Gen. xxix. 27; Judg. xiv. 15; Tobit ix. 12; x. 1). They have no wine. Implying a request for help, not necessarily the expectation of a miracle. 4. Woman. Implying no severity nor di…
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Containing (xwpodca:). From yapos, a place or space. Hence, to make room or give place, and so, to have space or room for holding something. Firkins (“etpntas). Only here in the New Testament. From perpéw, to measure ; and therefore, properly, a measurer. A liquid measure containing nearly nine gallons. 7. Fill (…
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proportions of wine and water, and could also impose fines for failures to guess riddles, etc. As the success of the feast de- pended largely upon him, his selection was a matter of some delicacy. Plato says, ‘“ Must we not appoint a sober man and a wise to be our master of the revels? For if the ruler of drinkers…
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Changers of money (xepyatictds). Only here in the New Testament. The kindred noun xépya, money, which occurs - only in ver. 15, is from xelpw, to cut into bits, and means there- fore small coin; “small change,” of which the money-changers would require a large supply. Hence changers of money means, strictly, deale…
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Money. See on ver. 14. Tables. Wyc., turned upside down the boards. See on Luke Rixgoo: 16. My Father’s house. See on Father's business, Luke ii. 49, and compare Matt. xxiii. 38, where Jesus speaks of the temple as your house. The people had made God’s house their own. Merchandise (€u7ropiov). Only here in the N…
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holy dwelling-place of God who “was in Christ.” Compare 1 Cor. iii. 16, 17. Christ’s death was therefore the pulling down of the temple, and His resurrection its rebuilding. The imper- ative in destroy is of the nature of a challenge. Compare jill ye up, Matt. xxiii. 32. 20. Forty and six years was this temple in …
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23. At the passover. Note the omission of of the Jews (ver. 18). In the feast-day (év 7H éopry). Rev., during the feast. The feast of unleavened bread, during the seven days succeeding the actual passover (see on Mark xiv. 1). Believed on (ér/otevoay eis). The stronger expression of faith (i. 12). His name. See …
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of the fact of His knowing. John describes the Lord’s knowl- edge by two words which it is important to distinguish. Twocxewv, as here, implies acguired knowlege ; knowledge which is the result of discernment and which may be enlarged. This knowledge may be drawn from external facts (v. 6; vi. 15) or from spiritua…
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1. Aman. With a reference to the last word of the pre- vious chapter. The interview with Nicodemus is, apart from the important truth which it embodies, an illustration of Christ’s knowledge of what was in man. Godet truthfully ob- serves that John reminds us by the word dvIpwos (man), that Nicodemus was a specime…
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From God. These words stand first in the sentence as em- phatic. It is from God that thou hast come. 3. Answered and said. See on ii. 18. Verily, verily. See oni. 51. Be born again (yevvnd9 avwtev). See on Luke i. 3. Lit., Srom the top (Matt. xxvii. 51). Expositors are divided on the rendering of dvwJev, some tra…
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See (ideiv). The things of God’s kingdom are not apparent to the natural vision. A new power of sight is required, which attaches only to the new man. Compare 1 Cor. ii. 14. Kingdom of God. See on Luke vi. 20. 4. When he is old (yépwv av). Lit., beeng an old man. Can he (7) Svvatras). The interrogative particle an…
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the obligation of the outward rite, He asserted likewise, as its necessary complement, the presence and creating and informing energy of the Spirit with which John had promised that the coming one should baptize. That as John’s baptism had been unto repentance, for the remission of sins, so the new life must inclu…
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ship, but through that into the vision and fellowship of the kingdom of God. Enter into. This more than see (ver. 3). It is to become partaker of ; to go in and possess, as the Israelites did Canaan. 6. That which is born (7d yeyevvnuévor). Strictly, that which hath been born, and consequently is now before us as …
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everywhere in the New Testament of the blowing of the wind (Matt. vii. 25, 27; Luke xii. 55; John vi. 18). It frequently occurs in the classics in the sense of wind. Thus Aristoph- anes, To mvedw éhatTov ylyveras, the wind ts dying away (“ Knights,” 441), also in the New Testament, Heb. i. 7, where the proper tran…
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baptism and transfiguration (Matt. iii. 17; 2 Pet. i. 17, 18); of the trumpet (Matt. xxiv. 31; 1 Cor. xiv. 8), and of inanimate things in general (1 Cor. xiv. 17). John the Baptist calls him- self dwvy, a voice, and the word is used of the wind, as here, in Acts ii. 6. Of thunder, often in the Apocalypse (vi. 1; xi…
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11. We speak—we know—we have seen. After the use of the singular number in vv. 3, 5, 7, 12, the plural here is noteworthy. It is not merely rhetorical—“ a plural of majesty ” —but is explained by ver. 8, “every one that is born of the Spirit.” The new birth imparts a new vision. The man whois born of the Spirit Aa…
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Heavenly things (Ta ézovpdvia). Compounded with ézi, upon or in, and ovpaves, heaven. Not holy things as compared with sinful, nor spiritual things as compared with temporal ; but things which are in heaven, mysteries of redemption, hav- ing their seat in the divine will, realized in the world through the work and…
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disclosed to Him; He had, in particular, heard these words: ‘Thou art my well beloved Son ;’ He reposed on the Father’s bosom, and He could descend and redescend without ceasing into the depths of the Father’s fathomless love, of which He felt the vivifying power; and when He came, at certain excep- tional moments…
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faith in Him who came not by water only, but by water and blood (1 John v. 4-6). 15. Believeth in Him (aicrevwv eis adrov). The best texts read ev avr@, construing with have eternal life, and rendering may in Him have eternal life. So Rev. Should not perish, but. The best texts omit. Have eternal life. A characte…
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This attitude of God toward the world is in suggestive con- trast with that in which the gods of paganism are represented. Thus Juno says to Vulcan: ‘¢ Dear son, refrain: it is not well that thus A god should suffer for the sake of men.” “ liad,” xxi., 379, 380. And Apollo to Neptune: ‘6 Thou would’st not deem m…
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World. The threefold repetition of the word has a certain solemnity. Compare i. 10; xv. 19. 18. Is condemned already (75 xéxputac). Rev., more cor- rectly, hath been judged already. Unbelief, in separating from Christ, implies judgment. He has been judged in virtue of his unbelief. 19. This. That is, herein consi…
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light is graphically treated in Job xxiv. and runs through vv. 13-17. 21. Doeth the truth (oav ty adrjdJeav). The phrase occurs only here and in 1 John i. 6. Note the contrasted phrase, doeth evil (ver. 20). There the plural is used: doeth evil things; evil being represented by a number of bad works. Here the sin…
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Tarried (SvérpiBev). The verb originally means to rub, hence to wear away, consume; and so of spending or pass- ing time. Baptized (¢8dmrvfev). The imperfect tense agrees with the idea of tarrying. He continued baptizing during His stay. 23. Was baptizing (jv Bamritwv). The substantive verb with the participle al…
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and spoke the benediction. The Baptist represents himself as standing in the same relation to Jesus. Rejoiceth greatly (yapa yaiper). Lit., rejoiceth with joy. A Hebrew idiom. See on Luke xxii. 15, and compare Acts xxii. 14; Jas. v.17. Only here in John’s writings. This my joy (airy 7 yapa 4 éuy). A very emphatic …
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receiving Christ (i. 12; v. 43; xiii. 20). The phrase receive the witness is peculiar to John (ver. 11; v. 84; 1 John vy. 9). 33. Hath set to his seal (e€odpdyicev). To set to, is to affix. To set to a seal is therefore to attest a document. The expres- sion is retained from Coverdale’s version (1535). So, “ They …
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mere earthly witness (0 é« THs ys) whose words bear the stamp of his earthly origin (é« tis yfjs Nade?). Being from heaven, He testifies of heavenly things, as an eye- and ear-witness. “What He hath seen and heard, of that he beareth witness.” It is indeed true that men reject this testimony. ‘No man re- ceiveth H…
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given all things into His hand.” This latter phrase, into His hand, signifies not only possession, but the power of disposal. See Mark ix. 31; xiv. 41; Luke xxiii. 46; Heb. x. 31. God has given the Son all things to administer according to His own pleasure and rule. These two ideas of Christ’s reception and bestow…
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is a present possession. He hath it. The unbelieving and dis. obedient, instead of having eternal life, shall not have life: shall not even see it (compare see the kingdom of God, iii. 3). He shall have no perception of life simply considered, much less of eternal life, the full and complex development of life. Th…
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Made and baptized. Both verbs are in the present tense. The narrator puts himself at the scene of the story: 7s making and baptizing. 2. Though (xatrouye). Lit., and yet. The report of Jesus’ baptizing brought to the Baptist by his disciples is corrected. Baptized. The imperfect tense: it was not Ms practice to b…
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Parcel of ground (ywpiov). A diminutive from ywpa a region. 6. Well (arny7). Strictly, spring. The word for cestern or well is Ppéap, which John uses at vv. 11, 12. Elsewhere in the New Testament always of a pit. See Luke xiv. 5; Apoc. ix. 1,2. There is no mention of Jacob’s Well in the Old Testa- ment. The tradi…
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Thus. Just as He was; or, as some explain, being thus wearied. Sat. The imperfect tense; was sitting, when the woman came. Sixth Hour. According to the Jewish reckoning, mid-day. According to the Roman mode, between 5 and 6 p.m. See on i, 39. Evening was the usual time for drawing water. 7. A woman. Held in low …
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10. If thou knewest, etc. Answering rather something latent in the question than the question itself, as in Jesus’ first answer to Nicodemus. The gift (Swpedv). Only here in the Gospels, though Luke uses it in Acts four times, and the kindred adverb, dwpear, Freely, is found once in Matthew. The word carries the s…
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Children (viol). Rev., correctly, sons. Cattle (Spéupara). Only here in the New Testament. From (tpépw) to nourish. A general term for whatever is Jed or nursed. When used of animals—mostly of tame ones—cattle, sheep, etc. It is applied to children, fowls, insects, and fish, also to domestic slaves, which, accordi…
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ring to that natural craving which the world cannot satisfy, and which is therefore ever restless. Drusius, a Flemish critic, cited by Trench (“Studies in the Gospels”), says: “ He who drinks the water of wisdom thirsts and does not thirst. He thirsts, that is, he more and more desires that which he drinks. He doe…
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“ Callicles: Yes. “Socrates: And he is to be thirsting and drinking ? “ Callicles: Yes, that is what I mean; he is to have all his desires about him, and to be able to live happily in the gratifi- cation of them” (‘“ Gorgias,” 494). Compare Apoc. vii. 16, 17. Shall be (yevyjceta). Rev., better, shall become, expre…
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and more than two hundred and thirty feet higher than Gerizim.* Ought to worship (8¢7). Better, mwst worship. She puts it as a divine obligation. It is the only true holy place. Com- pare ver. 24. 21. The hour cometh (épyetas dpa). Rather an hour. There is no article. Js coming ; is even now on its way. Shall ye…
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ship of the unknown is common to vulgar ignorance and to philosophic culture ; to the Samaritan woman, and to the Athe- nian philosophers. Compare John vii. 28; viii. 19, 27. The neuter expresses the unreal and impersonal character of the Samaritan worship. As the Samaritans received the Penta- teuch only, they we…
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that the words and now is are added lest the woman should think that she must seek a dwelling in Judea. True (aAnduwol). eal, genuine. See oni. 9. Worshippers (7pocxuyytai). Only here in the New Testa- ment. In spirit and in truth (év avevpare nai adm9ela). Spirit (veda) is the highest, deepest, noblest part of o…
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Seeketh such to worship Him (rovovtous Enel Tovs mpoc- Kuvoovtas avtov). A rather peculiar construction. Lit., seeketh such as those worshipping him : as His worshippers. Such: i.e., those who worship in spirit and in truth, and are therefore real (adn Sol) worshippers of the real God (aAnSwov Oeor, xvii. 3). 24. …
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This incident furnishes a notable illustration of our Lord’s love for human souls, and of His skill, tact, and firmness in dealing with moral degradation and ignorant bigotry. He con- ciliates the woman by asking a favor. Her hesitation arises less from prejudice of race than from surprise at being asked for drink…
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veils Himself as the only-begotten Son, but this while avoiding the title of “Christ.” With the woman He boldly uses this term; but he does not dream of initiating into the mysteries of incarnation and redemption a soul which is yet only at the first elements of religious life and knowledge” (“‘ Commentary on the …
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Went out—came unto Him (€&rov—pyovro mpos abrér). Went out is the aorist tense, denoting the coming forth from the city as a single act at a point of time. Came is the imper- fect, denoting action in progress. The observance of the dis- tinction makes the narrative more graphic. Zhey were coming. Unto should be to…
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phatic, marking what the disciples expect according to the order of nature. As you look on these green fields between Ebal and Gerizim, ye say, it is yet four months to harvest. There are four months (retpdunvov éotiv). Properly, tz ts a space of four months. Only here in the New Testament. Harvest (Jepucuos). See…
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44. For—in His own country (yap—ev 7H idia marpid.). or assigns the reason why Jesus went into Galilee. By /is own country, Judea seems to be meant, though almost the same phrase, His country,* is used by the three Synoptists of Nazareth in Galilee. John’s Gospel, however, deals with the Judean rather than with th…
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VoL. II1,—9 49. Child (aacdéov). Diminutive. Lit., my little one; a touch of tenderness. 50. Went his way (ézropevero). But thus the force of the imperfect is lost, which harmonizes with the succeeding sen- tence: he was proceeding on his way, and as he was now going down, ete. 51. Servants (dodA0). Properly, bo…
277 wordsSource & rights
Public domain historical edition (1887); scan/OCR from Internet Archive.
Project Gutenberg source record →
Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.