PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
Word Studies in the New Testament — Volume 2
Vincent, Marvin R., 1834-1922 · 194,770 words · 521 reading sections
970 Word Studies In The New Testament.
Father-in-law (sevSepds). Only here in the New Testa- ment. That same year. See on xi. 49. 15. Followed (jKorovder). Imperfect, was following. The other disciple. The correct reading omits the article. Another. Probably John himself. Palace (aianv). Not palace, but court, as Rev. See on Matt. xxvi. 3; Luke xi. 2…
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“ Zedekiah—smote Micaiah on the cheek (ématake émt thy ovay- éva).” The word in ver. 23, Sépecs, lit., flayest, hence, to beat or thrash (compare Luke xii. 47), seems better to suit the meaning strike with a rod; yet in 2 Cor. xi. 20, that verb is used of smiting in the face (eis Tpdcwmov Sépe), and in 1 Cor. ix. 2…
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inces it was the name for the official residence of the Roman governor, as here. Compare Acts xxiii. 35. It came to be ap- plied to any spacious villa or palace. So Juvenal: “To their crimes they are indebted for their gardens, padaces ( pretoria), ete.” (“Sat.,” i, 75). In Rome the term was applied to the pretori…
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Eat the Passover. The purpose of this work forbids our entering upon the much-vexed question of the apparent incon- sistency between John and the Synoptists as to the time of celebrating the Passover. 99. Pilate. Note the abruptness with which he is introduced as one well known. Two derivations of the name are giv…
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King of the Jews. The civil title. The theocratic title, king of Israel (i. 49; xii. 13) is addressed to Jesus on the cross (Matt. xxvii. 42; Mark xv. 32) in mockery. 35. AmlaJew? As if Jesus’ question implied that Pilate had been taking counsel with the Jews. 36. Servants (U7npéra:). Only in this passage in the G…
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particular case. “ Pilate’s exclamation is neither the expres- sion of an ardent thirst for truth, nor that of the despair of a soul which has long sought it in vain; it is the profession of a frivolous scepticism, such as is frequently met with in the man of the world, and especially in the statesman ” (Godet). F…
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were well known. Josephus describes them by the same word which Matthew uses, érécnuor, notable. Their depredations were often committed under patriotic pretences, so that Barab- bas wight have had influential friends among the people. CHAPTER XTX. 1-3. Compare Matt. xxvii. 26-30; Mark xv. 15-19. 1. Scourged (€ua…
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oxodo (thorn in the flesh) of 2 Cor. xii. 7, being properly an impaling-stake. Both the crowning with thorns and the flagellation are favor- ite subjects in Christian art. Some of the earliest representa- tions of the latter depict the figure of the Lord as fully draped, and standing unbound at the column, thus il…
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ropes, and broken twigs lie upon the ground, and slender streams of blood appear upon the body. A guardian angel behind the figure of the Lord, stands bending slightly over a child kneel- ing with clasped hands, and points to the sufferer, from whose head a ray of light passes to the child’s heart. The angel is a …
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which also occurs in Apoc. xvii. 4; xviii. 12. See on Luke xvi. 19. Matthew has xoxxivny, scarlet. Robe (iudruov). Better, as Rev., garment, since robe gives the impression of a trailing garment. See on Matt. v.40. Mat- thew has yAauwda, a short military cloak (xxviii. 28). Luke de- scribes the garment as Aapmrpav…
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Judgment-seat (Sjuaros). See on Acts vii. 5. The best texts omit the article, which may indicate that the tribunal was an improvised one. The Pavement (A:3dctpwrov). From dédos, stone, and otpetds, strewn or spread. Gabbatha. From the Hebrew gab, “back,” and meaning, therefore, a racsed place. Thus the Aramaic te…
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The essential element of the superscription, Hing of the Jews, is common to all. It expressed, on its face, the main intent of Pilate, which was to cast contempt on the Jews. ‘‘In the sense of the man Pilate, it meant: Jesus, the King of the Jew- ish fanatics, crucified in the midst of Jews, who should all be thus…
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head-gear, the sandals, the girdle, and the taddcth or square outer garment with fringes. Delitzsch thus describes the dress of our Lord: “On His head He wore a white sudar, fastened under the chin and hanging down from the shoulders behind. Over the tunic which covered the body to the hands and feet, a blue ¢alle…
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28. Were accomplished (reréAeorar). Rev., with stricter rendering of the perfect tense, are finished. Finished corre- sponds better with 7 ¢s jinished, ver. 30. This sentence may be taken with the preceding one, or with that which follows. 29. Vinegar. See on Matt. xxvii. 48. Hyssop. Matthew and Mark have caddy, a…
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sharpened like a spear-point (Nyxns)” (vii., 96). Used also, as here, for the spear itself. Pierced (@&v£ev). Only here in the New Testament. The question has been raised whether the Evangelist means to de- scribe a gash or a prick. Another verb is rendered prerced in ver. 37, the quotation from Zech. xii. 10, €fe…
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heart which, it is assumed, was the immediate cause of death, and which was followed by an effusion of blood into the peri- cardium. This blood, separated into its thicker and more liquid parts, flowed forth when the pericardium was pierced by the spear.* I think, however, with Meyer, that John evidently in- tends…
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Besought (jpérnce). Better, as Rev., asked. See on xi. 22; xvi. 23. Mark adds that he went in boldly, which is suggestive in view of John’s statement of his secret discipleship, a fact which is passed over by the Synoptists. Gave him leave. According to Roman law. Ulpian, a Roman jurist of the third century, says:…
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have owdev, linen cloth. See on Mark xiv. 51. Matthew and Luke have évrinu£ev, rolled or wrapped, and Mark éveidncev, wound, instead of John’s éncav, bound. With the spices. Spread over the sheet or bandages in which the body was wrapped. The manner of the Jews. As contrasted with that of the Egyptians, for insta…
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1, 2. Compare Matt. xxviii. 1; Mark xvi. 2-4; Luke xxiv. 1-3. 1. First day of the week (17 psd tav ca8Bdrtwvr). The Hebrew idiom, day one of the week. See on Luke iv. 31; Acts xx. 7%. Dark. Matthew says, as t began to dawn; Mark, when the sun was risen; Luke, very early in the morning, or at deep dawn ; see on L…
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13. She saith. She is so absorbed in her grief and love that she is not appalled by the supernatural manifestation which, under ordinary circumstances, would have terrified her, but enters into conversation as if addressed by a human being. 14. Turned herself back. Canon Westcott, with that beautiful subtilty of p…
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lation of God to humanity rather than to Christ himself, is ex- plained by what follows—“ my Father and your Father.” My brethren. The word brethren, applied to the disciples, occurs before (vii. 3, 5, 10), but not the phrase my brethren, which follows from my Father and your Father. Compare Matt. xxviii. 10. l a…
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1. Shewed (ébavépocer). This rendering might easily con- vey merely the sense of appearing ; but its meaning is much deeper. Occurring frequently in the New Testament, it is used most frequently of God and Christ, or of men in their re- lation to these. Thus, of Christ in person while upon earth (Mark xvi. 12, 14;…
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5. Children (zavdia). Or, little children. Used also by John, in address, twice in the First Epistle (ii. 18, 18), where, how- ever, the more common word is texvia, little children. Have ye any meat (ux 1 mpocpdyioy éxete)? The inter- rogative jj Te indicates that a negative answer is expected: you have not, I sup…
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With fishes (Trav iyIveav). Or, the net of the fishes. So Wye. Rev., full of fishes. 9. They were come to land (dé8ncav eis TH Yi”). Not of the arrival of the boat, but of the going ashore of the boat- men. Rev., therefore, correctly, they got out upon the land. A fire of coals. Charcoal. See xviii. 18. Fish (dyr…
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12. Dine (dpuorncate). Rather, breakfast. In Attic Greek dpicrov signified the mid-day meal; the evening meal being known as deizvov. The regular hour for the dpsoroy can- not be fixed with precision. The drift of authority among Greek writers seems to be in favor of noon. The meal described here, however, evident…
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Lovest (ayardas). Jesus uses the more dignified, really the nobler, but, as it seems to Peter, in the ardor of his affection, the colder word for dove. See on v. 20. More than these. More than these disciples love me. Compare xiii. 37; Matt. xxvi. 38. The question conveys a gentle rebuke for his former extravagant…
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18. Young (vedrtepos). Lit., younger. Peter was apparently of middle age. See Matt. viii. 14. Thou girdedst thyself (é{avvves ceavrov). The word may have been suggested by Peter’s girding his fisher’s coat round him. The imperfect tense signifies something habitual. Thou wast wont to clothe thyself and to come and…
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Tue term xaSorux7y, catholic or general, applied to the Epis- tles of James, Peter, John, and Jude, was used from the sec- ond century onward in the sense of something addressed to the faithful generally, as distinguished from Christians of particu- lar nations or cities, as the Galatians or Ephesians. Hence, Clem…
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unto us. Ver. 3, in order to resume the broken sentence of ver. 1, repeats in a condensed form two of the clauses in that verse, that which we have seen and heard, and furnishes the governing verb, we declare. Thus the simple sentence, divested of parenthesis and resumptive words would be, We declare unto you that…
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places himself at the initial point of creation, and, looking back into eternity, describes that which was already in existence when creation began. “The Word was in the beginning.” In the words “from the beginning,” the writer looks back to the initial point of time, and describes what has been in existence from …
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Of life (ris Swis). Lit., the life. See on Johni. 4. The phrase 6 Adyos THs Swfs, the Word of the Life, occurs nowhere else in the New Testament. The nearest approach to it is Philip. ii. 16; but there neither word has the article. In the phrase words of eternal life (John vi. 68), and in Acts v. 20, all the words…
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2. This verse is parenthetical. Compare, for similar inter- ruptions of the construction, ver. 3; John i. 14; iii. 16, 31; xix. 35 And (cai). See on John i. 10; viii. 20. The Life (7 fw). The Word Himself who is the Life.* Compare John xiv. 6; v.26; 1 John v. 11,12. Jéfe expresses the nature of the Word (John i. …
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That eternal life (tiv Soiv Tiv aidmov). A particularly faulty translation, since it utterly fails to express the develop- ment of the idea of life, which is distinctly contemplated by the original. Render, as Rev., the life, the eternal life; or the life, even the eternal life. For a similar repetition of the art-…
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ii. 18). Nowhere in Peter, James, Jude, or the Apocalypse. Frequent in John’s Gospel and Epistles, and in the latter, uni- formly.* 3. The regular course of the sentence, broken by ver. 2, is now resumed, by the repetition of that which we have seen and heard. Only the order is reversed: seen and heard instead of …
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iv.13; 2John 11; Heb. ii. 14, ete. The expression here, éxevs xowvwviay, is stronger, since it expresses the enjoyment or realiza- tion of fellowship, as compared with the mere fact of fellow- ship. See on John xvi. 22. Our fellowship (7 xowwvia % yyerépa). More strictly, the fellowship, that which is ours, accord…
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Full (srerAnpwpévn). More correctly, fuljilled. Frequent in John. See John iii. 29; vii. 8; xii. 38; xv. 11; 2 John 12; Apoce. vi. 11. “The peace of reconciliation, the blessed con- sciousness of sonship, the happy growth in holiness, the bright prospect of future completion and glory,—all these are but simple det…
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this message. Compare 1 Peter i. 10,11. Ard points to the source, mapa to the gwer. Thus, John v. 41, “I receive not honor from (mapa) men.” They are not the bestowers of honor upon me. Ver. 44, “ How can ye believe which receive honor JSrom (apd) one another ;” the honor which men have fo give, ‘Cand seek not the…
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‘¢ O grace abundant, by which I presumed To fix my sight upon the Light Eternal, So that the seeing I consumed therein ! I saw that in its depth far down is lying Bound up with love together in one volume, What through the universe in leaves is scattered; Substance, and accident, and their operations, All interf…
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outward and inward. The verb, with this moral sense, is com- mon in John and Paul, and is found elsewhere only in Mark vii. 5; Acts xxi. 21. We lie and do not the truth. Again the combination of the positive and negative statements. See on ver. 5. The phrase to do the truth occurs only in John’s Gospel and First …
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The latter sense is illustrated in 3 John 7, where “the name” absolutely includes the essential elements of the Christian creed, the complete revelation of Christ’s work in relation to God and man. Compare John xx. 31; Acts v. 41. In ii. 12, the term is more limited, referring to Christ as He lived on earth and ga…
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(6.) Jesus His (God’s) Son. i. 7. Two truths. The blood of Christ is avadlable and efficacious. (7). His (God’s) Son, His only Son. iv.9. The uniqueness of the gift is the manifestation of love. The Son in various forms is eminently characteristic of the First and Second Epistles, in which it occurs more times tha…
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lowship, ver. 3. Sin (dpaptiav) is not to be understood of original sin, or of sin before conversion, but generally. “It is obvious that this éyew dyaptiay (to have sin), is infinitely diversified, according to the successive measure of the purifica- tion and development of the new man. Even the apostle John does …
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bodily nature, but remain pure until the hour when God him- self is pleased to release us. And then the foolishness of the body will be cleared away, and we shall be pure, and hold con- verse with other pure souls, and know of ourselves the clear light everywhere, which is no other than the light of truth” (“ Phes…
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The truth is represented by John objectively and subjec- tively. 1. Odjectively. In the person of Christ. He is the Truth, the perfect revelation of God (John i. 18; xiv. 6). His man- hood is true to the absolute law of right, which is the law of love, and is, therefore, our perfect pattern of manhood. Truth, abs…
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iii. 6; Mark i. 5; Jas. v.16. See on Matt. iii.6; xi.25; Luke xxii. 6; Acts xix. 18; Jas. v. 16. Sins. Note the plural, as compared with the singular, sen, in the previous verse. See note. The plural indicates that the confession is to be specific as well as general. Augustine’s words are exactly to the point, but…
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rightness, must be faithful to His own nature, and His right eous dealing with men who partake of that nature and walk in fellowship with Him, is simply fidelity to Himself. “ Right- eousness is truth passing into action” (Westcott). To forgive (wa agj). See John xx. 23; 1 John ii. 12. Primarily the word means to …
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mapaPaivew to trangress ; tapaBacis transgression ; mapa- Barns transgressor (see on Matt. vi. 14; Jas. ii. 11); wapavo- Heiv to act contrary to the law ; rapavoula breach of law (see on Acts xxili. 3; 2 Pet. ii. 16); wapdwtwpa trespass (see on Matt. vi. 14). To cleanse. See on ver. 7. Unrighteousness (décxias). …
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which John also uses (1 John ii. 13, 18). In the familiar story of John and the young convert who became a robber, it is re- lated that the aged apostle repaired to the robber’s haunt, and that the young man, on seeing him, took to flight. John, for- getful of his age, ran after him, crying: “O my son, why dost th…
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2. And He («ai adrés). The He is emphatic: that same Jesus: He himself. The propitiation (iAacuos). Only here and iv. 10. From iAaoKowat to appease, to conciliate to one’s self, which occurs Luke xviii. 13; Heb. ii. 17. The noun means originally an ap- peasing or propitiating, and passes, through Alexandrine usage…
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If men do not experience its benefit, the fault is not in its ef: ficacy. Diisterdieck (cited by Huther) says, “ The propitiation has its real efficacy for the whole world ; to believers it brings life, to unbelievers death.” Luther: “It is a patent fact that thou too art a part of the whole world ; so that thine h…
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5. Keepeth His word (tp adtod tov Adyov). Note the changed phrase: word for commandments. The word is the revelation regarded as a whole, which includes all the separate commandments or injunctions. See the use of Adyos word, and évtorn precept, in John xiv. 21-24. Is the love of God perfected () aydirn tov Ocov t…
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usage of dydzrn love, in the New Testament, with the subjective genitive.* The object is more commonly expressed by eis to- wards, or to. See 1 Thess. iii. 12; Col. i.4; 1 Pet. iv. 8. Still stronger is John’s treatment of the subject in ch. iv. Here we have, ver. 9, the manifestation of the love of God in us (év u…
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ble exertion of divine love upon an object, and by the response of the object. The love of God is perfected or completed by the perfect establishment of the relation of love between God and man. When man loves perfectly, his love is the love of God shed abroad in his heart. His love owes both its origin and its na…
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No new commandment (ov« évtodnv Kawvnv). The Rey., properly, places these words first in the sentence as emphatic, the point of the verse lying in the antithesis between the new and the old. On new, see on Matt. xxvi. 29. Old (madaiav). Four words are used in the New Testament for old or elder. Of these yépwy and …
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Shineth (daiver). See on John i. 5. Compare Apoc. i. 16; viii, 12; xxi. 23; 2 Pet.i.19. See also Rom. xiii. 11 sqq.; Diteei ell 14: 9. Hateth (uwoa@v). The sharp issue is maintained here as in Christ’s words, “ He that is not with me is against me” (Luke xi. 23). Men fall into two classes, those who are in fellows…
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Acts ii. 44; iv. 32; Heb. iv. 3). The saints (oi dryvov) ; charac- teristic of Paul and the Apocalypse. Four times in the Acts (ix. 18, 82, 41; xxvi. 10), and once in Jude (3). Also Heb. vi. 10; xiii. 24. In Paul, 1 Cor. vi. 1; xiv. 33; Eph. i. 1, 15, ete. In Apocalypse v. 8; viii. 3, 4; xi. 18, etc. Until now (és…
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Have known (éyv@xarte). Rev., correctly, ye know. Knowl- edge is the characteristic of fathers ; knowledge as the fruit of experience. Ye have perceived, therefore ye know. Have overcome (vevixjxare). Compare John xvi. 33. The image is characteristic of the Apocalypse and First Epistle. SeotApoe: liv, 11) 17262 cu…
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The Father. In his rightful authority, as a Father over little children. 14. Him that is from the beginning. ‘The eternal, pre- existent Christ, who was from the beginning (John i. 1). The eternal Son, through whom men are brought into the relation of children of God, and learn to know the Father. The knowl- edge…
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Of the flesh. Sensual appetite. The desire which resides in the flesh, not the desire for the flesh. For this subjective usage of the genitive with Just, see John viii. 44; Rom. i. 24; Apoe. xviii. 14. Compare 1 Pet. ii. 11; Titus ii.12. The lust of the flesh involves the appropriation of the desired object. On th…
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17. Forever (eis rov ai@va). The only form in which aio age, life, occurs in the Gospel and Epistles of John, except é« Tod ai@vos since the world began (John ix. 32). Some old ver- sions add, “as God abideth forever.” 18. Little children (vasdéa). See on ver. 138. The last hour (€oydrn dpa). The phrase only here …
357 wordsSource & rights
Public domain historical edition (1887); scan/OCR from Internet Archive.
Project Gutenberg source record →
Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.