RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Guibert Guilt
He applied the famous syllables "ut re mi fa sol la " to the notes of the scale, these being the initial syllables of the hemistichs of a hymn on John the Baptist. He improved the system which already existed by the use of additional lines and by availing himself of the spaces between them. The signs which he placed on and between the lines were not notes, but the old neumes. In addition to the works enumerated in the bibliography, he was probably the author of a letter against simony, addressed to Heribert, archbishop of Milan.
(R. Schmid.)
Bibliography: Guido's works on music, genuine and doubtful, were edited by Gerbert in Script, eccl. de musica sacra, vol. ii., St. Bias, 1784, in MPL, cxli., and in C. E. H. de Coussemaker, Scriptorum de musica . novus
series, vol. ii., Paris, 1865. Consult: R. G. Kiesewetter, Guido von Arezzo, Leipsic, 1840; H. Niemann, Studien zur Geschichte der Notenschrift, ib. 1878; idem, Musiklexikon, ib. 1895.
GUIDO OF CREMA. See Paschal III.
GUIDO (GUY) DE BRAY (BRES). See Bres.
GUIDONIS, gwi-do'nis, BERNARDUS (BER- NARD GUI) : Dominican, inquisitor in Toulouse; b. at Royeres (department of Haute- Vienne, arrondissement of Saint-Yrieix, 27 m. s. of Limoges) about 1261; d. at Lodeve (33 m. w.n.w. of Montpellier) Dec. 30, 1331. He entered the Dominican Order in 1279. From 1294 to 1305 he served as prior in convents at Albi, Carcassonne, Castres, and Limoges; in 1314 he was vicar of the province of Toulouse; and about 1316 became procurator general of his Order. In 1307 he was appointed inquisitor of Toulouse, where for nearly eighteen years he administered his office with zeal and took an active part in the extirpation of the Catharist heresy (see New Manicheans, II.). A fairly exhaustive narrative of his activity is supplied in the Liber sententiarum inquisitionis Tolosanw, published by P. van Limborch in his Historia inquisitionis (Amsterdam, 1692). An official manual for the procedure of the officers of the Inquisition was prepared by Guidonis under the title: Practica inquisitionis (first issued by C. Douais, Paris, 1886), a volume furnishing valuable elucidations of the doctrines and peculiarities of the various heretical factions. That the Curia appreciated his eminent ability, appears from his repeated employment in the papal diplomatic service. Thus in 1317 he was despatched to Italy in behalf of pacification between the Guelphs and Ghibellines, and for the adjustment of partizan strifes at Genoa; and in 1318 he was commissioned to mediate a reconciliation between Philip V. of France and Count Robert of Flanders. In 1233 he became bishop of Tuy, in Spain; whence, in 1324, he was translated to the diocese of Lodeve.
Along with his official activity, Guidonis exhibited a remarkably comprehensive literary industry. Of his historical works, the best known are his great history of the popes (Flores cronicorum seu catalogus pontificum Romanorum) ; his compendious account of the popes and emperors (Catalogus brevis pontificum Romanorum et imperatorum) ; and his annals of the French kings. Of importance, moreover, is the great work on the history of the Dominican Order, which Guidonis undertook in
1304; only parts have hitherto been published, but C. Douais has repeatedly made use of Guidonis' materials for the history of that Order. Guidonis' digest of the acts of the original chapter general of the Dominican Order has been edited by B. M. Reichert (Monumenta ordinis fratrum prozdicatorum, vol. iii., Prague, 1898); the acts of the provincial chapter of the Dominican province of Provence (down to 1302) were made known by Douais in 1894. As yet unpublished are Guidonis' Speculum sanctorale (a valuable collection of legends of the saints) and De temporibus et annis generalium et provincialium conciliorum. Great confusion ensued formerly from the designation erroneously attributed to Guidonis: " de Castris S. Vincentii "; since his writings thus came to be partly ascribed to Bernardus de Castris S. Vincentii. He has also been confused with the Dominican Guido de Pileo of Vincenza (d. 1331), and is to be distinguished from his elder fellow Dominican, Bernardus Guidonis of Beziers (hence Biterrensis) , who died in 1273.
(Herman Haupt.)
Bibliography: The earlier literature is given in U. Chevalier, Repertoire des sources historiques du moyen-dge, bibliographic, i. 1919, Paris, 1905. The principal modern work is L. Delisle, Notice sur les manuscrits de Bernard Gui, in Notices et extraits des MSS. de la bibliotheque nationale, xxvii. 169-455, Paris, 1879. Consult: C. Molinier, L'Inquisition dans le midi de la France, pp. 5 sqq., 197 sqq., ib. 1880; idem, in Archives des missions scientifiques et litteraires, 3 ser., xiv. 189 sqq., 238 sqq., ib. 1888; O. Lorenz, DGQ, vol. ii. passim, Berlin, 1887; H. Sachsse, in Halte was du hast, Berlin, 1891; idem, Bernardus Guidonis und die Apostelbruder, Rostock, 1891; Potthast, Wegweiser, pp. 150-152 (indispensable for the sources); F. Arbellot, Etude biographique et bibliographique sur Bernard Guidonis, Limoges, 1896; C. Douais, Documents pour servir a I'hist. de V inquisition, Paris, 1900.
GUILLON, gi"yen', MARIE NICOLAS SYL- VESTRE: French Roman Catholic, Bishop of Morocco in partibus infidelium; b. in Paris Jan. 1, 1760; d. at Montfermeil (19 m. n.e. of Paris) Oct. 16, 1847 He studied at the College du Plessis and at the College Louis-le-Grand and acquired great proficiency in medicine, as well as in theology. He became almoner and librarian to the Princess Lamballe, but fled to Sceaux after her execution in 1792 and practised medicine there, and at Meaux, for several years under the assumed name of Pastel. After the Revolution he was made honorary canon and librarian of the cathedral of Paris. He accompanied Cardinal Fesch to Rome, and on his return became professor of rhetoric at the Lycee Bonaparte, and shortly afterward professor of sacred eloquence at the Sorbonne. He also became almoner of the College Louis-le-Grand, almoner to the Princess of Orleans, honorary canon of Saint Denis, bishop of Morocco (1833), dean of the theological faculty at the Sorbonne, and an officer of the Legion of Honor. He was a prolific writer, and some of his works are still of value, particularly his Collection des brefs du Pope Pie VI. (2 vols., Paris, 1798); Bibliotheque choisie des peres grecs et latins (26 vols., 1822); and his excellent translation of Cyprian's works (2 vols., 1837). Bibliography: Lichtenberger, ESR, v. 792-793.
GUILT: The state resulting from the violation of law. In Christianity the presuppositions of guilt are the Christian view of Sin (q.v.), personal
Guilt Gulick