PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
Word Studies in the New Testament — Volume 3
Vincent, Marvin R., 1834-1922 · 203,474 words · 325 reading sections
Avs
In common with én members, it is the instrument of feel- ing and willing rather than cdp€, because the object in such cases is to designate the body not definitely as earthly, but gen- erally as organic, Rom. vi. 12, 13,19; 2 Cor. v. 10. Hence, wherever it is viewed with reference to sin er sanctification, it Cu. …
760 wordsSECTION 62Avs
Of unrighteousness (aécxias). See on 2 Pet. ii. 13. Cu. VL] THH LPISTLE TO THE ROMANS. Al Vield (apactjcate). Rev., present. The same word as before, but in a different tense. The present tense, be present- ing, denotes the daily habit, the giving of the hand, the tongue, etc., to the service of sin as temptation …
663 wordsSECTION 63Chapter Vii.
91. Fruit. See oni. 13. Had ye (elyere). Imperfect tense, denoting continuance. What fruit were ye having during your service of sin ? In the things whereof (颒 ofs). Some change the punctu- ation, and read “ What fruit had ye at that time? Things Cu. VIL] THE EPISTLE TO THE ROMANS. %3 whereof ye are now ashamed…
767 wordsSECTION 64Chapter Vii.
Cu. VIL] THE EPISTLE TO THE ROMANS. 15 1. In the physical sense. The literal flesh. In the Septua- gint ra xpéa flesh (plural) is used where the reference is to the parts of animals slain, and ai odpxes flesh (plural) where the reference is to flesh as the covering of the living body. Hence Paul uses xpéa in Rom. …
672 wordsSECTION 65Chapter Vii.
It is in sharp contrast with wvedua spirit (Gal. iii. 8, 19; v. 16, 17, 19-24; vi. 8; Rom. viii. 4). The flesh and the spirit are thus antagonistic. 2dp£ flesh, is the human nature without the divine Spirit ; the state of the creature before or in contrast with his reception of the divine element whereby he becomes…
743 wordsSECTION 66Chapter Vii.
Wrought (xarevpydcato). The compound verb with card down through always signifies the bringing to pass or accomp- lishment. See ch. ii. 9; 1 Cor. v. 3; 2 Cor. vii. 10. It is used both of evil and good. See especially vv. 15,17, 1822055 To man everything forbidden appears as a desirable blessing ; but yet, as it is…
714 wordsSECTION 67Chapter Vii.
I would (3€\w). See on Matt. i.19. Rather desire than will in the sense of full determination, as is shown by J consent (ver. 16), and J delight in (ver. 22). Do | not (rpdccw). See on John iii. 21. Rev., correctly, practise: the daily doing which issues in accomplishment (at- epyafouar). Do I (wrod). See on John…
677 wordsSECTION 68Chapter Vii.
Paul’s usage of this term is not based, like that of sperit and jiesh, on the Septuagint, though the word occurs six times as the rendering of lebh heart, and once of ruach spirit. He uses it to throw into sharper relief the function of rejlect- ive intelligence and moral judgment which is expressed gener- ally by…
755 wordsSECTION 69Chapter Vii.
I myself. The man out of Christ. Looking back and sum- ming up the unregenerate condition, preparatory to setting forth its opposite in ch. viii. Paul says therefore, that, so far as concerns his moral intelligence or reason, he approves and pays homage to God’s law; but, being in bondage to sin, made of flesh, so…
632 wordsSECTION 70Pauline Usage:
1. Breath, 2 Thess. ii. 8. 2. The spirit or mind of man; the inward, self-conscious principle which feels and thinks and wills (1 Cor. ii. 11; v. 3; vii. 34; Col. ii. 5). In this sense it is distinguished from o@pa body, or accomp- anied with a personal pronoun in the genitive, as my, our, his * See his full disc…
688 wordsSECTION 71Pauline Usage:
Spire is found contrasted with letter, Rom. ii. 29; vii. 6; 2 Cor. iii. 6. With jlesh, Rom. viii. 1-13; Gal. v. 16, 24. It is frequently associated with the idea of power (Rom. i. 4; xv 13, 1034 Corpiia 4 sGalsiioo eeiphnie | 6552 lied and the verb évepyetv, denoting to work efficaciously, is used to mark its spec…
656 wordsSECTION 72Pauline Usage:
5. They that are (oi dvres). Wider in meaning than walk, which expresses the manifestation of the condition expressed by are. Do mind (dpovodcw). The verb primarily means to have understanding ; then to feel or think (1 Cor. xiii. 11) ; to have an opinion (Rom. xii. 8). Hence to judge (Acts xxviii. 22; Gal. v.10;…
680 wordsSECTION 73Pauline Usage:
We cry (xpdafouev). Of a loud ery or vociferation ; express- ing deep emotion. Abba (A8fa). Compare Mark xiv. 386. A Syrian term, to which Paul adds the Greek Father. The repetition is prob- ably from a liturgical formula which may have originated 92 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. (Cu. VIII. among the Helleni…
732 wordsSECTION 74Pauline Usage:
94 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Cz VIIL 21. In hope because (éz’ €Amou 671). The best texts trans- fer these words from the preceding verse, and construe with was made subject, rendering rt that instead of because. “The creation was subjected in the hope that,” ete. Jn hope is liter- ally on hope, as a foun…
708 wordsSECTION 75Pauline Usage:
96 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Cu. VIII. the succession of time is introduced, not as metaphysically true, but in concession to human limitations of thought. Hence the coordinating force of xal also. 3. That a predetermination of God is clearly stated as ac- companying or (humanly speaking) succeeding, and…
666 wordsSECTION 76Chapter Tx.
Vou. IIl.—7 98 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Gm 1X 37. We are more than conquerors (i7reprixapev). A vict- ory which is more than a victory. “<A holy arrogance of victory in the might of Christ ” (Meyer). 38. Powers (apya/). Angelic, higher than mere angels. Things present (évecr#Ta). Only in Paul and Heb. …
654 wordsSECTION 77Chapter Tx.
sacrifice, if it were morally possible. Others, however, explain the imperfect as stating an actual wish formerly entertained.* Accursed from Christ (avaSeua amo rod yputtov). Compare Gal. i. 8, 9; 1 Cor. xii. 3; xvi. 22. See on offerings, Luke xxi. 5. Set apart to destruction and so separated from Christ (Philip. …
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102 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Cu. IX. Hath taken none effect (éxzémrwxev). Lit., has fallen out. Rev., come to nought. 7. In Isaac. Not in Ishmael, though Ishmael also was the seed of Abraham. The saying of Gen. xxi. 12 is directly added without 2 7s written or 2t was said, because it is assumed to be w…
695 wordsSECTION 79Chapter Tx.
104 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Cu. LX. (1 Sam. xiv. 47), and were conquered and made tributary by David (2 Sam. viii. 14). Their strength was shown in their subsequent attempts to recover independence (2 Kings viii. 20, 21; xiv. 7; 2 Chron. xxviii. 17). Their final subjugation was effected by John Hyrcanu…
671 wordsSECTION 80Chapter Tx.
19. Hath resisted (av3éornxev). Rev., more correctly, with- standeth. The idea is the result rather than the process of re- sistance. A man may reszst God’s will, but cannot maintain his resistance. The question means, who can resist him ? 20. O man. Man as man, not Jew. 106 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT [Cu. …
783 wordsSECTION 81Chapter Tx.
108 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Cu. IX. 23. And that He might make known. The connection is variously explained. Some make and that dependent on He endured: “If, willing to show His wrath . . . God en- dured . . . and also that.” Others make that dependent on fitted : “ Vessels fitted to destruction and al…
738 wordsSECTION 82Chapter Tx.
97. Crieth (xpdfer). An impassioned utterance. See on Luke xviii. 39 ; compare John vii. 28, 87; Acts xix. 285; xxiii. 6. Mostly of an inarticulate cry. “The prophet in awful earnestness, and as with a scream of anguish, cries over Israel ” (Morison). 110 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Cu. IX, Concerning (u7…
493 wordsSECTION 83Chapter X.
1. Brethren. See on 1 Johnii. 9. An expression of affect- ionate interest and indicating emotion. My heart’s desire (1) evdoxia rhs éuhs xapdias). More liter- ally, the good will of my heart. See on Luke ii. 14. Compare Philip. i. 15; ii. 18; Eph. i. 5, 9; 2 Thess. i. 11. Prayer (dénous). See on Luke v. 33. To Go…
664 wordsSECTION 84Chapter X.
Who shall ascend into heaven? The Septuagint adds for us, and bring it to us, and hearing it we will do tt. To bring down. Interpreting the Septuagint, and bring it to Us. 7. Descend into the deep. Rev., abyss. Septuagint, Who shall pass through to beyond the sea? See on Luke viii. 31. Paul changes the phrase in …
740 wordsSECTION 85Chapter X.
Man believeth (screveras). The verb is used impersonally. Lit., it 2s believed. Believing takes place. Confession is made (oyoroyeirav). Also impersonal. Jt és confessed. ‘Confession is just faith turned from its obverse side to its reverse. . . . When faith comes forth from its silence to announce itself, and to …
692 wordsSECTION 86Chapter X.
First Moses. First in order; the first who wrote. I will provoke you to jealousy (éyo wapafpr\wow das). From Deut. xxxii. 21. See Rom. xi. 11, 14; 1 Cor. x. 22. * It is not easy to draw the distinction between this and certain other words for vocal utterances. The earlier distinction seems to have been that pddyyos…
526 wordsSECTION 87Chapter Xi.
1. IL say then (Aéyw ov). Then introduces the question as an inference from the whole previous discussion, especially vv. 19-21. Hath God cast away (4) ama@cato o Ocds). A negative answer required. ‘Surely God has not, has He?” The aorist tense points to a definite act. Hence Rev., better, did God cast off. The v…
666 wordsSECTION 88Chapter Xi.
The New-Testament usage follows the Old, in denoting all individuals from the point of view of individual fe. Thus the phrase raca uy every soul, i.e., every person (Rom. ii. 9; xiii. 1), marking them off from inanimate nature. So Rom. xi. 3; xvi.4; 2 Cor. i. 23; xii. 15; Philip. ii. 30; 1 Thess, ii. 8, il- lustra…
655 wordsSECTION 89Chapter Xi.
Puyy soul is thus: 1. The individual life, the seat of the personality. 2. The subject of the life, the person in which it dwells. 3. The mind as the sentient principle, the seat of sensation and desire. 4. Answer (ypnyaticyds). Only here in the New Testa- ment. For the kindred verb xXpnuative warn, see on Matt. …
663 wordsSECTION 90Chapter Xi.
Cra Xt] THE EPISTLE TO THE ROMANS. 125 the act of filling (Rom. xiii. 10), though this is doubtful.* Here in the first sense: the fulness of their number contrasted with the diminution. They will belong as an integral whole to the people of God. 13. For | speak. The best texts read Sé€ but instead of yap jor. The…
700 wordsSECTION 91Chapter Xi.
*For the numerous attempts to make the two figures represent different thoughts, see Lange on the passage, Cu. XL] THE EPISTLE TO THE ROMANS. 124 whole trees, not even quite young ones are ingrafted, either with the stem or as to all their branches. Besides, ver. 24 con- tradicts this view.” Wert graffed in among…
674 wordsSECTION 92Chapter Xi.
20. Well (adds). Admitting the fact. Thou art right, Compare Mark xii. 32. Some take it as ironical. - 22. Goodness and severity (ypnetotnta Kal aTroTouiav). For goodness, see on ch. iii. 12. Azrorowla severity, only here in the New Testament. The kindred adverb, aTroTouos sharply, oceurs 2 Cor. xiii. 10; Tit. i.1…
673 wordsSECTION 93Chapter Xi.
29. Without repentance (auetayédnta). Only here and 2 Cor. vii. 10. See on repented, Matt. xxi. 29. Not subject to recall. 82. Concluded (cuvéxrevcev). Only here, Luke v. 6; Gal. iii. 22, 23. A very literal rendering, etymologically considered ; con together, claudere to shut. The A. V. followed the Vulgate concl…
718 wordsSECTION 94Chapter Xi.
35. Who hath first given, etc. From Job xii. 3. Heb., Who has been beforehand with me that I should repay him ? Paul here follows the Aramaic translation. The Septuagint is: Who shall resist me and abide? 36. Of—through—to (¢£—did—els). Of, proceeding Srom as the source: through, by means of, as maintainer, preser…
706 wordsSECTION 95Chapter Xi.
WHAT IS THE PLACE OF THESE CHAPTERS IN THE ORDER OF THE ARGU- MENT ? Early in the discussion, Paul had asserted that the messianic salvation had been decreed to the Jew jirst (i. 16 ; ii. 10: compare John i. 11). In the face of this stood the fact that the Jewish peo- ple generally had rejected the offer of God in…
963 wordsSECTION 96Chapter Xi.
That the factor of human freedom has full scope in the divine economy is too obvious to require proof. It appears in numerous utterances of Paul himself, and in the entire drift of Scripture, where man’s power of moral choice is both asserted, assumed, and appealed to; where the punishment of unbelief and disobedie…
527 wordsSECTION 97The Course Of The Argument.
This we shall follow in detail through ch. ix., and in general out- lines through chs. x. and xi. (vy. 1-3.) I have great sorrow of heart for my Jewish kinsmen because of their spiritual condition arising from their rejection of 138 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. (Ca. XL Jesus, and their consequent exclusion f…
702 wordsSECTION 98The Course Of The Argument.
(15.) God cannot be unrighteous. This is apparent from your own Scriptures, which, as you admit, glorify God’s righteousness, and which give you God’s own statements concerning Himself in the cases of Moses and Pharaoh. There can, therefore, be no dis- crepancy between God’s righteousness and the principle for whic…
718 wordsSECTION 99The Course Of The Argument.
Bearing this in mind, we are here confronted with a class of facts which we cannot explain—certain arrangements the reasons for which lie back in the sovereign will of God. Moses was placed un- der circumstances which promoted his becoming the leader and lawgiver of God’s people. Pharaoh was born to an inheritance …
700 wordsSECTION 100The Course Of The Argument.
Cu. X1.J THE EPISTLE TO THE ROMANS. 143 that He acts consistently on the principle of exercising His divine sovereignty according to His supreme will; but they also furnish another argument to the same effect, by showing that He exercises His sovereignty with long-suffering and mercy. The God who acts with mercy a…
711 wordsSECTION 101The Potter And The Clay.
It is quite safe to say that Paul is too good a reasoner, and too well acquainted with the character, the word, and the economy of God as displayed in the history of his own race, to be betrayed into any such logical absurdity as this; too thoroughly humane, too mindful of his own deep doubts and questionings, too …
777 wordsSECTION 102The Potter And The Clay.
Isa. xlv. 9. The prophecy concerning Cyrus. God calls him, though a heathen, for the sake of Jacob His servant, and Israel His elect. In this call God asserts His sovereignty: “Iam Jehovah, and there is none else. I girded thee when thou knewest me not.” This idea is further carried out by the figure of the potter …
657 wordsSECTION 103The Potter And The Clay.
Did not this endurance imply opportunity to repent, and assume that destruction was not God’s arbitrary choice, but theirs ? Still further, what if God, through this same endurance, was working, not only to save the Jewish people if possible, but also to carry out a larger purpose toward a people which, in His eter…
711 wordsSECTION 104The Potter And The Clay.
The reason why the Jews were rejected was because they did not seek after the righteousness which is by faith, but clung to the law, and sought to be justified by its works. The Gentiles, who had no revelation, and who therefore did not seek after righteousness in the New-Testament sense, nevertheless attained it, …
707 wordsSECTION 105The Potter And The Clay.
Thus the argument is, Israel is responsible for its own rejection. In blind reliance on its original election, it has claimed a monopoly of divine favor, has made a stand for legal righteousness, and has rejected the gospel message of salvation by faith. It has thus re- pelled the offer of a free and universal salv…
761 wordsSECTION 106Chapter Asl
1. | beseech (zapaxadd). See on consolation, Luke vi. 24. By the mercies (dua Tay oixtippav). By, not as an adju- ration, but as presenting the motive for obedience. I use the compassion of God to move you to present, ete. Present. See on ch. vi. 13. It is the technical term for presenting the Levitical victims an…
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4, Office (apafw). Lit., mode of acting. 156 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Cu. XII. 5. Being many (o0/ zrondAol). Lit., the many. Rev., better, who are many. Every one (70 dé xa¥ eis). The literal phrase can only be rendered awkwardly: and as to what is true according to one ; ie. indwidually, severally. Co…
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Teaching. Aimed at the understanding. 8. Exhortation. Aimed at the heart and will. See on con- solation, Luke vi. 24. Compare 1 Cor. xiv. 3; Acts iv. 36, where Rev. gives son of exhortation. He that giveth (6 peradidovs). Earthly possessions. The preposition pera indicates sharing with. He that imparteth. Compare…
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11. Slothful (G«vypol). From oxvéw to delay. in business (79 o7rovd7). Wrong. Render, as Rev., in dil- igence ; see on ver. 8, Luther, “in regard to zeal be not lazy.” Fervent (féovres). See on Acts xviii. 25. The Lord (76 Kupiv). Some texts read xaup@ the time or opportunity, but the best authorities give Lord. …
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* There are strong authorities for both the masculine and the neuter sense. For the neuter are Fritzsche, Meyer, De Wette, Philippi, Calvin, Shedd, Rev. For the masculine, Alford, Riddle, Moule, Farrar, Godet. The main argu- ment in favor of the masculine is that tarewss is never used as neuter in the New Testament…
836 wordsSECTION 111Chapter Xiii.
On the circumstances which are supposed to have called out the first part of this chapter, see Farrar, “ Life and Work of Paul,” ii., 260 sqq. 1. Every soul. Every man. See on ch. xi. 3. Higher powers (é£ovclais imepeyovoass). Lit., authoretees which have themselves over. See on Mark ii. 10; John i. 12. 164 WORD …
661 wordsSECTION 112Chapter Xiii.
12. Is far spent (apoécowev). The A. V. gives a variety of renderings to this verb. Luke ii. 52, increased ; Gal. i. 14, 166 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. ([Cu. XIV profited ; 2 Tim. iii. 9, proceed » 13, wax. The word originally means to beat forward or lengthen out by hammering. Hence to promote, and intran…
652 wordsSECTION 113Chapter Xiii.
168 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT, [Cu. XIV. a reference to his present relation to God as determined by the fact of his reception then, which may warrant the rendering by the perfect. 4. Who art thou ? (av ris et) Thou, first in the Greek order and peculiarly emphatic. Addressing the weak brother, since judg…
656 wordsSECTION 114Chapter Xiii.
Charitably (cata daydrnv). Lit., according to love. Rev., in love. See on 2 Pet. i. 6. Him (éxeivov). The pronoun has a strongly defining force, explained by the following phrase. 16. Your good (ipuav 76 ayadov). Referring, most probably, to the liberty of the strong. Others think that the whole Church is address…
663 wordsSECTION 115Chapter Xiii.
23. Faith. In Christ. “So far as it brings with it the moral confidence as to what in general and under given circum- stances is the right christian mode of action” (Meyer). Some authorities insert here the doxology at ch. xvi. 25-27. According to some, the Epistle to the Romans closed with this chapter. Chapter x…
274 wordsSECTION 116Chapter Xv.
1. Infirmities (ac3evnuara). Only here in the New Testa- ment. 8. Of the circumcision. Of those circumcised. See on the election, ch. xi. 7. 9. It is written. The citations are from Ps. xviii.50; com- pare 2 Sam. xxii. 50; Deut. xxxii. 43; Ps. exvii. 1; Isa. xi. 10. Confess. Rev., give praise. See on ch. xiv. 11.…
657 wordsSECTION 117Chapter Xv.
20. Have I strived (piAotypovpevov). The verb means orig- inally to be fond of honor, and hence, from a love of honor, to strive, be ambitious. Compare 2 Cor. v.9; 1 Thess. iv. 11. The correct sense is to prosecute as a point of honor. Foundation (Seuércov). See on settle, 1 Pet. v. 10. 22. | have been hindered (é…
413 wordsSECTION 118Chapter Xvi.
1. |!commend (cuvictnus). See on ch. iii. 5. Phoebe. The bearer of the epistle. The word means bright. In classical Greek an epithet of Artemis (Diana) the sister of Phoebus Apollo. Servant (Sidxovov). The word may be either masculine or feminine. Commonly explained as deaconess. The term Svax- évizca deaconess i…
687 wordsSECTION 119Chapter Xvi.
Fellow-workers. In christian labor, as they had been in tent-making. 4, Who (oftwes). The double relative, with an explanatory force: seewng that they. Laid down their own necks (tov éavtav tpaynrov virédn- xav). Laid down is, literally, placed under (the axe). Whether the expression is literal or figurative, or …
671 wordsSECTION 120Chapter Xvi.
11. Narcissus. This name was borne by a distinguished freedman, who was secretary of letters to Claudius. Juvenal alludes to his wealth and his influence over Claudius, and says that Messalina, the wife of Claudius, was put to death by his order (“Satire,” xiv., 330). His household slaves, passing int the hands of…
664 wordsSource & rights
Public domain historical edition (1887); scan/OCR from Internet Archive.
Project Gutenberg source record →
Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.