PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
A Dictionary of the Bible — Volume 5
James Hastings · 1,128,046 words · 1137 reading sections
Section 301
Epypo kal xypicowr Bdrricua jeravolas els &decw e na 5 t LE / 6 >, 0 Foy e zi ley f auapriwv, ° Kal éfemopevero mpos atroy macau 7 lovdala xepa Kat of ‘Tepocohuuetrar A‘ Kal eBamrigovro mwdavres &v TO Topddvy trordum vr’ avrod, eEomonoyovpmevor Tas dpaprias airav. Hy oe a "Iwdvyns évdedupévos tplxas Kauprov, kar Sd…
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V.5 (a) wdvres after ‘Iep., NBDLA 28 33 versions: Orig Eus. after éBarr., AP rell (69 cut om. rdvres= Mt.). (6) worduw, om. Dabe ffi? Eus; ef. the ‘Western’ and ‘Syrian’ reading in Mt. (c) tm’ avrod after éBarr., NBL 33 Latt (exe. a) Arm: Orig Eus. after rorduw, ADP rell a Syr-hel Go. Note, further (d), that 8 69 a om…
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The facts are interesting, and we may allow our- selves this one excursion into the field of Synoptic 218 TEXTUAL CRITICISM (OF NT) TEXTUAL CRITICISM (OF NT) criticism. Assuming the WH text as our standard, evdvs occurs 40 times in Mark. In 29 of these there are parallel contexts in both Mt. and Lk., in8 there is a …
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Akth Go. ev, ATIL unc® rell bd g! f Syr-hel-meg. In Lk. there is virtually no doubt (apart from the very early ‘ Western’ variant vids wou ef ot) about the reading od... év ool, In Mt. the reading is ofros . . . & @, exe. that D a Syr-cu read oJ—éy 6; Syr-sin Gl mies) eV Ol. : év cot was peculiarly liable to change…
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Here, again, (a) is clearly original. Its full force not being understood (or requiring in trans- lation the express mention of the object), the ‘Western’ reading (b) supplied ra dikrva from v.78. On the other hand, the influence of Mt. suggested (c) duplBrnorpov. Finally, by substituting Bdddovras (d), the resemblance…
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Wise om NBD 157 2P° Latt Boh Syr-sin-vg th. Ins. (A) CLA rell. Syr-hel Arm Go: Orig Eus=Lk 44 (where as here D cu! Lat- vet Boh Syr-sin-hier 42th om.). Another ‘Alexandrian’ reading, this time adopted by the ‘Syrian’ Text, against the ‘Neutral’ and the ‘Western.’ Granted that the ‘Western’ authority here must be disc…
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The simplest solution is to regard (a) as the original reading ; it is vigorous and vivid, and its abruptness might easily offend. (6) would then be a ‘Western’ paraphrase, (c) a ‘Syrian’ conflation of (a), with one or other of the various forms of (8). V8 (1) kat €&#AGer, NBCDLAM 33 al. éfAGev dé, A rel. See on v.°…
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28. It would be difficult to devise a more scrupu- lously colourless name than the last on our list— the name ‘ Neutral.’ It was chosen to express the fact that the authorities supporting it were habitu- ally found in opposition to the ‘distinctive’ read- ings of both the ‘ Western’ and the ‘ Alexandrian’ groups. It is…
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character. This limitation is deliberate, because at this stage of the investigation our purpose must be simply to determine which reading in each case has the best claim to be regarded as original, apart from any preconceived theory as to the weight to be attached to the authorities by which it is attested. Some minds…
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35. We can now pass on to consider what light is thrown by our examination of the variants in Mk 11-8 on the character of the witnesses by which they are supported. We must begin with those variants that are the exclusive property of the Traditional Text, and by which in consequence the value of the authorities support…
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38. The last point to be examined in regard to these readings is the presence or absence of ante- Nicene Patristic support. What has already been said on the principle of Genealogy will put us at the right point of view for appreciating the significance of this part of our investigation. For it is clear that, unless we…
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43. Only a summary of the evidence is given in Trad. Text, detailed references being promised in Causes of Corruption. In the summary, 6 names appear as supporting ro?s rpog.: Titus of Bostra, Origen, Porphyry, Ivenzeus (p. 205), Eusebius, Am- brose. 7 names appear on the other side: Ireneus (p. 191), Origen (Cels. ii.…
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EXTRA VOL.—I5 TEXTUAL CRITICISM (OF NI) 225 of Sinai. Here the reading is certainly év’Ho. rw mpop. ‘The only recorded variant is év piBdyw Abywr "Ho. rod mpod. in a Florentine MS containing an extract from Anastasius. This independent con- firmation of the reading of the Latin version makes the fact that Irenzeus in…
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x The passage in Basil runs as follows: 6 “iv MatBoios ris zorde whpum yevires tenynris yiyovey ds adrds Guat" BiGAos yEevecews “Iyvod Xpioro view AuBid, viot ABpadmw. ‘O dt Mé&pzos pray rou eLayysrion 7d Iwcevvod reroinne xhpuymun eiray: *Apyy Tod elayyerlov “Iyvod Xpiorot nals yéypomros ty "Ho. ri wpog. Dav Bodivros …
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53. Again, a careful comparison of these readings with their rivals will help us to understand why it has now come to be admitted on both sides that the differences between the Traditional Text and the ‘Neutral’ or the ‘Western’ cannot be explained as due merely to the normal accidents of trans- mission. The changes be…
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It is true that in neither case has any record of this work of revision survived in historical tradi- tion. Mr. Burkitt,* however, has shown, by re- ference to a far more complete transformation in a biblical text—the exchange of the LXX version of Daniel for Theodotion’s by the Church of Africa during the 3rd cent.—th…
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It would indeed be strange if, in the stress of the battles which they had to fight for the defence and elucidation of the fundamental verities of the Christian faith, the great protagonists of the Nicene period and of that which immediately suc- ceeded it, had had time to spare for such compara- tive minutiz. And, unl…
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possible to attribute the readings to a revision by the author himself. This case, we may notice in passing, is a good example of the importance of attending to what Dr. Hort called the ‘Internal Evidence of Docu- ments,’ before deciding finally on particular read- ings. No conclusion can safely be built on a mere sel…
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rinted as Noteworthy Rejected Readings in a ist at the end of the volume. Whether this list would have received large additions had they had access to Syr-si is an interesting question on which something must be said presently. The only point which it is worth while to emphasize at this stage is this. They state expres…
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(2) V.2 om. éyé, BD am fu Syr-vg Boh: Iren Orig +t Tert. (3) V.4 71. 6 Barrigwy év 7H ép. knptoowr, B33. (4) V.° bm’ atrod after éBarr., BL 33 (8 69). (5) V.° xat for dé, NBL 33 Lat-vg bd ff! g! Boh. (6) V.6 6’Iw. for Iw., XBPL al® 1 69, (7) V.2 om. wév, NBL 33 69: Orig. (8) V.8 om. év, 1° NBAH 33 al8 Lat-ve: Orig. (9…
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71. In the case of 8 and the oldest form both of the Latin and of the Syriac Versions, it is important to examine the extent and the limitations of their support more closely. Let us take first the relation of these two MSS of the Greek text to one another. The amount of agreement between 8 and B in readings in which …
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Tert. +RAPLA ete. Syr-hel: Orig ¢ Eus. dmocTé\hw, Bete. drocredG, X Boh. éyévero, B etc. at éyévero, N* (Boh). knptoow, B33. Kal xnpioowv, NLA Boh. kal €Bamrifovro, B ete. ¢Barr., N* 69 a. éricw, B: Origd. élcw pov, & ete. mrevuart ayly, BLbLat-vg. ev mv. dy., 8 ete. éyévero, B (a). ete. els, BD 69 a (g"), Boh. porn…
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-B k (Syr-sin paraphrases). VE EEE ee TEXTUAL CRITICISM (OF NT) 233 Mk gi Mt Mk Mt as 1915 1 422 1 446 1 524 122 ] 25 410 416 420 55 545 83 89 131 13 1397 136 15% nf 533 gs 928 g24 929 938 g42 108 10% 10” 1227 Aus éxomev. éxovow, B k (Syr-sin paraphrases), + 8rt. lav for eldus. ys s-Bk. +0 1 '| _yaBav 6°…
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Syr-sin, ‘For that which she hath done, behold as if for my burying she hath done it, and hath anointed my body beforehand.’ 149 +6€, 144 wou after 76 KardAvua. 141° —avrof after of uabyrat. 14 — oj 6é. 14°77) — éy éuol, 14 + ev6us. — ToNUs. 1451 4+ émi yuuvod, 80. List I. contains 44 passages in which all four autho…
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* Tt is interesting to notice that Koetschau (‘ Bibelcitate bei Origenes,’ Z. f. w. Theol. p. 321 ff.) has recently expressed his agreement with the opinion of Griesbach and Hort (Intr. § 249; cf. Nestle, Intr. p. 185 ff.) that Origen “never made any- thing like a recension of the New Testament.’ + Intr. to Barnard’s …
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All the time the present writer was engaged on this article he was looking forward to the day when he could present it to Dr. Westcott as some acknow- ledgment, however unworthy, of a debt of grati- tude that has been accumulating for 24 years, and gather from his kind but searching criticism what measure of success ha…
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*See the edition of Bede’s works by Plummer, 1896, vol. ii. p. 252, where the question is ably discussed, and F. Graz’s Beitrige zur Teatkritik der sogenannten Caedmonschen Genesis, Konigsberg, 1896. An interesting study of this ‘Milton of our forefathers’ will be found in R. 8. Watson’s Ceedmon, the first English Poet…
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Yet even in this period, as Forshall and Madden have pointed out, the Anglo-Normans had trans- lated into their own dialect, before the year 1200, the Psalter and Canticles of the Church in prose.§ More remarkable still, they are said to have exe- cuted in this country a prose translation into their own tongue of the e…
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Ps 1351 Confitemini Domino quoniam bonus : quoniam in eternum misericordia eius. € Shrifis til lorde for he is gode: for withouten end the mercy of him. @ Grete louyng of this psalme is shewyd in paralypomenon,|| where it is red. that when the sunnys of israel began to loue god and sey conjitemini i the ioy of god ful…
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* Thought about. So umgang, with the prefix used as in German. : t Traill, Social England, ii. p. 159. t Ib. p. 226, § Collectanea, ii. 329. For the claims of a Supposed ‘ Spress- well’ to be his birthplace, see the Introduction to Wyclit’s English Works, by F. D. Matthew, 1880, p. i. VERSIONS (ENGLISH) VERSIONS (E…
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* Tb. p. xivii. For the evidence that the de Dominio is Wyclif’s, see p. xxii. + English Works, ed. by F. D. Matthew, pp. 405, 429. The editor makes no doubt that this is Wyclif’s own composition. In another tract, on the Office of Curates, probably not by Wyclif himself, but by one of his school (¢b. p. 141), the lan…
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Lawrence Bedeman, otherwise Stevine, was an Oxford man, like his companions, being of Stapeldon Hall, afterwards Exeter College. It fared with him, in 1382, as with Aston. Brantingham, Bishop of Exeter, took proceedings against him for his conduct as an itinerant preacher in Cornwall. After making his submission, he be…
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{ The list of such passages may be easily extended from Eadie or Mombert. § As none of the volumes in Forshall and Madden’s great edition has a table of contents, Skeat was at the trouble to Compile one for a paper read by him at a meeting of the Philo- logical Society, June 5th, 1896, He distinguishes the different M…
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** That 1466 and not, as commonly said, 1467 was the date of Erasmus’ birth, has been shown by Kan, the learned head- master of the Erasmiaansch Gymnasium at Rotterdam. EXTRA VOL.—16 241 VERSIONS (ENGLISH) Between the years 1480 and 1490, possibly in the same year that, Luther was born at Eisleben, William Tindale …
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Before pausing to consider these translations in * Equal to about £120 now. ‘Hag er aia petition is in the Harleian MSS. See Demaus, z { John Dobenek, who latinized himself as Cochleews, was born about 1503 in a village near Nurnberg. He was a violent opponent of Luther. As he was himself passing a book through Quent…
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VERSIONS (ENGLISH) 43 | VERSIONS (ENGLISH) Antwerp most probably, his translation of the Book of Jonah.* Antwerp was a dangerous re- treat, but it was conveniently situated for com- municating with England. Here accordingly he resided from 1533, if not earlier, to his arrest in 1535. The last two years of his life w…
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The question is one that, after all, can be settled only by an induction of passages on a sufficiently large scale. For that there is no room here. We give a few, taken almost at hap- hazard from the NT; some of which will show Tindale’s obvious indebtedness to previous versions. But the general impression conveyed by …
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Gn 314 inter omnia animantia; vor allem viech; of all catell. (Tindale’s of is nearer to the original ‘out of,’ ‘from among ’—see RVm—than the others). Gn 421 pater canentium cithara et organo; die mit harpffen vnd pfeyffen vmbgiengen ; all that excercyse them selves on the harpe and on the organs. (Here it would have…
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On comparing these titles, two important dif- ferences will be noticed. Before 1537 no place of publication is given; and in the first alone is it specified that the translation is made ‘out of Douche and Latyn.’ With regard to the place, while there can be no doubt that the editions of 1535 and 1536 were printed abroa…
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The tender beauty of Coverdale’s translation has never been surpassed. In the Psalms especially this characteristic is noticeable. In 1662, at the last revision of the Book of Common Prayer, while the Gospels, Epistles, and other portions of Scrip- ture made use of, were directed to be taken from * Quoted by Henry Ste…
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246 Three other points require elucidation: the meaning of the capital letters I. R. subscribed to the ‘Exhortacyon,’ of W. T. at the end of the Old Testament, and of the name Thomas Matthew on the title-page. The initials may be taken, with all but absolute certainty, to denote John Rogers and William Tindale. Rogers…
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A few examples will indicate the nature of the changes made in rendering. It will be seen that they are chiefly due to (a) the seeking after a plainer, more idiomatic rendering, (b) the in- Huence of the Vulgate, (c) a better knowledge of Greek, * Examples will be found in Westcott, pp. 182, 183 ; Moulton, pp. 129, 13…
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Grafton and Edward Whitchurch, newly housed in the vacated precinct of the Gray Friars, appeared, in April 1539, the first edition of the Great Bible. The name ‘Great Bible,’ as being ‘ of the greatest volume’ (both terms being used by Grafton him- self), is a convenient one by which to denote the seven editions of thi…
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Who were the ‘dyuerse excellent learned men,’ expert in Hebrew and Greek, who helped Cover- dale, we are not informed. But traces of their work may perhaps be seen in the translation of musical terms in the Psalms, and in the retention of the Hebrew titles of some of the books of the OT. Thus the first book is describe…
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Though Bishops Tunstall and Heath had allowed their names to stand on the title-pages of several editions of the Great Bible, and Bonner, after the royal proclamation of 1540, had duly caused six copies of the Bible to be set up for public reading in St. Paul’s, it is plain that the Episcopal bench generally were only…
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The version of the OT is substantially Tindale’s ; that of the NT Whittingham’s; but both are vigilantly revised. A comparison of the Genevan version of a passage from Ac 27%-284 with that of Whittingham,t and with that of the Bishops’ Bible in 1568, will suffice to show this-— W. lowsed nearer (apuvres wocoy). Ac 271…
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The defects of such a There was no meeting together for the discussion of various renderings. No provision was made to secure uniformity of style. The final revision to be expected from one with so much business on hand as Archbishop Parker, one not specially dis- tinguished as a scholar, and one who had, moreover, res…
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| Some copies have the additional words: olde Testament and the newe.’ _ I The note is on the fifteenth leaf, signed * 1, next after the list of ‘faultes escaped,’ “conteyning the VERSIONS (ENGLISH) The ‘other perusal,’ of which Parker had assured Cecil that the travail of the Revisers would have the benefit, showe…
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Amid such circumstances, recalling in some measure the origin of the Genevan version, the translation known as the Rhemes and Doway took its rise. The entire Bible appears to have been ready for issue together. But, owing to want of funds, a portion only could be published at a time. The NT was properly given the prefe…
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But, when every allowance of the kind is made, the fact remains that, to ordinary English readers, the translation in question must often have seemed one into an unknown tongue. What else could * See the passages quoted by Westcott in his article on ‘ The Vulgate’ in Smith’s DB, vol. iii. pp. 1706, 1707. + See Moulto…
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A mountain of God is the moun- tain of Bashan ; An high mountain is the mountain of Bashan. Why look ye askance, ye high mountains? Therefore the wild beasts of the desert with the wolves (Heb. ‘howl- ing creatures’)shall dwell there. The free manner in which Challoner borrowed from the AV (itself enriched by earlie…
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ears. Wood supplies two additional names—those of Dr. John Aglionby, Principal of St. Edmund’s Hall, and Dr. Leonard Hutton, Canon of Christ Church. Others may still remain to be discovered. The entire body was divided into six groups or companies, of which two held their meetings at Westminster, two at Cambridge, and…
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Srconp Oxrorp Company. (Gospels, Acts, Revelation). (33) Dr. Thomas Ravis, Dean of Christ Church, 1596-1605 ; Bishop of Gloucester, 1605; of London, 1607; d. 1609. (84) Dr. George Abbot, Master of University Coll., 1597; Dean of Win- chester, 1600; Archbishop of Canterbury, 1611-33; d. 1633. (35) Dr. Richard Edes, stu…
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The second title runs: ‘The | Newe | Testament of | our Lord and Sauior | Jesys Christ | {Newly translated out of | the Originall Greeke: and with | the former Translations diligently | compared andreuised, by his | Maiesties speciall Com | mande- ment. | Imprinted | at London by Robert | Barker, | Printer to the | Kin…
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Gn 152 ‘And the steward (7. possessor, 07 inheritor) of my house’; 2016 ‘Thus was she reproved’ (7, And so thou art cleared); 2518 ‘And he died’ (#. settled); 49 ‘Instruments of cruelty,’ etc. (variously emended); 496 ‘digged down a wall’ (7. houghed oxen); 4914 ‘between two burdens’ (7. between the cattle-pens); Ex 13…
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Poor, however, as was the apparatus criticus at the command of the translators, they had an ad- vantage, which it would not be easy to over- estimate, in the existence of previous English versions. Some of these the king’s letter of in- structions had specially directed them to consult. Two others, not named in those i…
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*The adverse opinion of Dr. Scrivener will be mentioned presently, t For brevity, we will so denote the assumed first edition ; and the one we are describing, by B. { The actual copy described is that marked 3051 g 10 (1)in the Library of the British Museum. § Art. ‘English Bible,’ by the late Rey. J. H. Blunt, in E…
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* Somewhat singularly, the copies of Dr. Blayney’s edition suffered, though apparently not to the same extent, from a fire at the Bible Warehouse, Paternoster Row. + Reprinted from the Gentleman’s Magazine (xxxix. 517) as App. D in Scrivener’s Authorized Edition. { We have not considered it within our province to not…
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long, he doubles it. Thus we have ‘taak’ (take), ‘swijn’ (swine), ‘ameen,’ ‘ propheet,’ ‘Herood,’ and the like. ‘Church’ (p. 67) is said to be sounded ‘moor corruptly and frenchlike ’ than the north-country ‘ Kurk.’ Speaking generally, the value of the work is philological rather than biblical. * Printed in H. B.’s co…
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* A good summary of the steps finally leading to the revision of 1881, so far at least as the year 1863, is given in Professor Plumptre’s article on the Authorized Version in vol. iii. of Smith’s Dictionary of the Bible. A list of works, bearing more or less directly on the revision of the AV, beginning with Robert Gel…
903 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain historical reference work (1898–1905); OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.