PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
A Dictionary of the Bible — Volume 5
James Hastings · 1,128,046 words · 1137 reading sections
Section 661
PATRISTIC COMMENTARIES de ecclesia nuper egressum,* et Alexandrum vete- rem hereticum, Eusebium quoque Emisenum, et Theodorum Heracleoten, qui et ipsi nonnullos super hac re commentariolos [v./. commentarios] reliquerunt . . . legi hec omnia.’ Again, in Zp. exil. ad Augustinum [A.D. 404; i. 734], § 6: ‘Primus Origenes…
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It should also be noted that the printed text of Oecumenius prefixes to the exegesis a good deal of ‘Euthalian’ matter: (i.) Avjynots rept rod aylou amocrédou ILavA\ov, Hvdadiov diaxdvou mpodoyos : (ii.) arodnutar ILathov roi dmoord)ov : (ili.) papripcov TlavAov rod dmocrddov: (iv.) trdPeors THs mpos ‘Pwualovs émurodjs…
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3. The third of the great compilers, Euthymius Zigabenus, author of the Panoplia Dogmatica, was a younger contemporary of pap ean and flourished under the emperor Alexius Comnenus, e. 1100 A.D. OC. F. Matthei, the first editor of the original Greek of Euthymius’ commentary on the Gospels, had found at Munich a MS of Eu…
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Origen: quoted frequently on Rom., 1 Cor., Ephesians. Eusebius of Emesa : occasionally on Galatians. Apollinaris: occasionally on Romans. Diodore: occasionally on Romans. Severian: occasionally on all the Epistles (most frequently, perhaps, on 1 Cor.) except 2 Co- rinthians. Theodore of Mopsuestia: on all the Epis…
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The Catenz, then, have a special and unique value as preserving, however imperfectly, no small mass of the work of authors on whose writings, as a whole, a ban was set by later generations; and ‘the study of Catenz is therefore an indispensable preliminary to intelligent acquaintance with the development of Patristic e…
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(zd) Cramer’s second Catena on Romans (77 end) is drawn from Munich gr. 412, sec. xiii. ; and as this MS (apart from two late copies of itself) is again the only known representative of its Catena, we have no means as yet of supplement- ing Cramer’s edition. [K. L. ii. p. 601}. (c) Cramer’s other Catena on Romans (cha…
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2. A commentator on St. Paul is perhaps referred to by Origen on Eph 1° (Cramer’s Catena in Eph. p. 119; Journal of Theological Studies, iii. 242), where, commenting on the grammatically super- fluous repetition of év ¢ (év 76 Xpo7Gev @... & @), he explains its presence by the ‘saying of one of those who were before us…
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Of the chronology of Origen’s writings on St. Paul there is not much to be said. The Stromateis, of which the third book appears to have contained notes on Romans, the fourth on 1 Corinthians, and the tenth on Galatians (see below, pp. 492-493), were written at Alexandria, i.e. before 231, under the emperor Alexander S…
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(6) But, even if Rufinus possessed a complete Greek text, his own words reveal that he did not produce, or aim at producing, a complete Latin translation. Heraclius had begged him, he says, ‘ut omne hoc xv voluminum corpus, quod greecus sermo ad quadraginta fere aut eo amplius millia versuum produxit, abbreviem et ad m…
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* The editio princeps of the Latin commentary, under the title ‘ Hieronymo interprete,’ was printed at Venice in 1506. + The rest of this MS consists of an earlier (6th cent.) copy of the commentary of Ambrosiaster EEE E—E————E— EE na 492 PATRISTIC COMMENTARIES however, to the Roman epistle—possibly because this ep…
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It only remains to test by the evidence of the Greek texts, fragmentary though they are, the relation of Rufinus to his original. It has already been calculated that more than a third of the Greek must have been omitted to bring the Latin within its present compass; and Dr. Robinson says of the passages preserved in th…
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(iv.) Galatians. The list mentions a commentary in 15 books and 7 homilies: Jerome, in the preface to his commentary on the epistle (see above, p. 484>), enumerates 5 ‘volumes’ (of commentary), several ‘tractatus’ (= homilies), and_ ‘excerpts’ (te. scholia or notes); and tells us also that the tenth book of Origen’s S…
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8B. The Athos MS contains at the end of the text of Ephesians a note to the effect that dd T&v eis Thy mpds’Edeclous pepouévwy eEyynrixav Tbuwy dvtaveyvwoov 7 émucto\j. The vow nihili dvrave- ywoov is, as von der Goltz points out, clearly a misreading of an uncial dvtaveyybc0n (ON for 9H). The ‘very ancient copy’ (see …
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(2) Quod anime in corpore hoc vincte velut in carcere teneantur. Rufinus, i. 37, 38, 40, quotes Jerome on Eph 23-1 31 62 (vii. 573 B, ‘nos vero dicimus . . . apposita sit ad malitiam’; 577 D, ‘et diligenter observa quia... factura primum locum tenet, deinde plasmatio’; 587 B, ‘quia in pluribus locis lectum est vinculum…
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PATRISTIC COMMENTARIES 495 To sum up: both the Paris Catena and the commentary of Jerome contain an amount of Origenian matter which must form no inconsider- able proportion of the whole of Origen’s commen- tary on this epistle. Both, however, habitually abbreviate, so that, except in such rare cases as Jerome’s obite…
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(ix.) 2 Thessalonians. The list—not in the older form, repeated by Preuschen-Harnack, but as printed from further MSS by E. Klostermann in the Berlin Sitzwngs- berichte der k. preussischen Akad. der Wissen- schaften, 1897, p. 855—names a commentary in one book. The Athos MS several times refers to the ‘exposition’—in …
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[Dionysius of Alexandria].—The impulse to Biblical studies given by the teaching and example of Origen showed itself long after his death in the schools of Alexandria and Czsarea. The next three writers to be mentioned were all noted Origenists. St. Dionysius the Great of Alexan- dria —head of the catechetical school, …
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[Eusebius of Czsarea].— From Alexandria we pass to the second centre of the influence of Origen—the school and church of Palestinian Cesarea. Among the extraordinarily diverse writings of its bishop Eusebius (c. 270-340 A.D.) were certainly included commentaries, and those not exclusively on the Old Testament. But once…
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* Jerome speaks of his ‘eloquence’ again in contrasting him with Diodore of Tarsus (de Vir. Til. 119). 2 PATRISTIC COMMENTARIES Eusebius, however, was the more popular and rhetorical, and, if we may judge from the ‘ten books’? which he devoted to one of St. Paul’s shorter epistles, the more diffuse writer of the two.…
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9. Didymus of Alexandria (commentaries on 1 and 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians).— By far the most striking figure among the heads of the catechetical school of Alexandria in the 4th cent. is the blind presbyter Didymus. * Cramer gives only the introductory words ; the Benedictines give a passage of some ten line…
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* It is worth noting that Didymus is not included among the commentators on 1 Thessalonians whom Jerome enumerates in Ep. cxix. 8-10, _ | According to Zahn, Morschungen, v. 99 ff., the correct form is Apollinaris in Latin, ’Awoawépos in Greek. But Jerome seems most often to write Apollinarius. } Jerome, Hyp. Ixxxiv. …
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According to Leontius of Byzantium, Diodore commented on the whole of Scripture. In the list iven by Suidas, and derived by him apparently ee the ’ExxAnovaorixh Ioropia of Theodorus Lector, commentaries on many books of the Old Testament are mentioned by name, and, of the New, ‘On the Four Gospels,’ ‘On the Acts of the…
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* The comments on 824 93 ascribed to Diodore in Oramer, pp. 142, 162, are said to belong to Theodore (see Swete, Theodore of Mopsuestia, p. 1xxiiin.). te.g. on Ro 516: ‘the sin of Adam was one, but... con- demned robs xoAdovs, because they imitated Adam,’ reading piihocatos for puohocoto (Cramer, 49. 33). 502 PATRIST…
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(ii.) 2 Corinthians.—44 homilies; also ranked among Chrysostom’s best work. The evidence of place is here unusually important, since it covers not only these homilies but others as well. In Hom. xxi. p. 188 E, Chrysostom urges that niggard- liness in almsgiving was especially inexcusable at Antioch (kat rafra év’Avriox…
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and was therefore more likely to be accessible to Antiochenes than to Constantinopolitans : wa pi To0 KaremelyovTos dmooTas paKpoTrepov Tojow Tov Néyor . . . kal uty dé elpnral tis brép TovTwy Néoyos Gre rept Ths peTabécews adTov THs mpoonyoplas mpos Uuds dieeyd- meOa... ef 58 emrdédgade, evtuxovTes exelvw TH BLBALw ma…
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(vii.) Colossians. —12 homilies. For the first time the indications are decisive in favour of Constantinople. Not only is the style considered to be below the average of the other epistles, but the preacher is quite certainly a bishop ; in,Hom. iii. p. 8349 D-F he sits ém roi Opdvov rovrov, to him belongs 7d ris émicxo…
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* One would naturally suppose that allusions to the well- known name of the Antiochene Daphne implied heathen worship: but the fasts and sabbaths are, of course, Jewish, and from Hom. adv. Iudeos i. (ed. Bened. i. 595 D) it appears that there was a Jewish synagogue at Daphne, besides that in Antioch : 20} sotiro ob wep…
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In 1603 an unimportant edition appeared at Heidelberg ‘in bibliopolio Commeliniano,’ which claimed to restore to its integrity the mutilated Greek of the Verona edition by the help of MSS at Heidelberg and Augsburg; but the character of the edition is far from corresponding to the promise of the title-page. A very dif…
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a ci.=(vii. 277) 1, A.D. 993: Hebrews, Colossians. a cil. =(vii. 275) 9, sec. x.-xi.; 2 Cor., 1 Timothy. rf cill. =(vi. 275) o or 6, see. X.-xi.: 2Cor., Titus. 35 Civ. =(vii. 274) 7, see. ix.: 1 Corin- thians. # ev.=(vil. 274) 2, A.D. 990: 1 Corin- thians. BA cvl. =(vii. 276) 4, sec. xi. : Philippians, Hebrews. a…
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Field’s volumes appeared in the following order : 2 Corinthians, 1845; 1 Corinthians, 1847 ; Romans, 1849; Galatians, Ephesians, 1852; Philippians, Colossians, 1 and 2 Thessalonians, 1855; 1 and 2 Timothy, Titus, Philemon, 1861; Hebrews (with indexes to the whole), 1862. About the same time with the Greek edition, and…
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+ One of the Catenw in Karo and Lietzmann’s list, Vat. gr. 1270, sec. xii., Romans and 1 Corinthians (p. 489, above, /), appears to be related to Oecumenius but to name its authorities more frequently ; and may possibly prove useful for identifying further quotations from Severian for these two epistles. t As the cont…
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ressure from Justinian, —the name of Theodore bad been erased from the diptychs of that Church, and the name of Cyril substituted, as far back at any rate as the end of the 5th century. For the Eastern empire the action of Justinian and his councils was final: the Chalcedonian party in the Greek Church had enough to d…
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‘epistolam quoque ad Romanos ad Eusebium exposuit. ‘ binas ad Corinthios epistolas tomis duobus dilucidavit et illustravit rogatu Theodori. Eustratius postulavit expositionem quattuor epistolarum quas sum commemoraturus : epistole ad Galatas et ad Ephesios et ad Philippenses et ad Colossenses. binas autem ad Thessalo…
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8. Between the earlier and the later publication of Mai, Cramer was issuing the successive volumes of his Catenz on the Epistles, and thereby adding largely to our _stock of fragments from Theodore, The first or Bodleian Catena on Romans (chs. 1-8) contains 54 quotations from Theodore; but since this Catena is beyond d…
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the Collectanea of Sedulius Scotus; see Swete’s Theodore, pp. Xlvi-li, and vol. ii. p. 346, PATRISTIC COMMENTARIES Latin of the Corbie MS ; and the only possible con- clusion was that in the latter we possessed a com- plete version of Theodore’s commentary on these epistles. The comparison was made, and the con- clus…
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Thus, with the exception that Hebrews came somewhere near the beginning of the list, Theo- dore appears, so far as we can judge, to have written on the Epistles in the order of our New Testament Canon. But both the separate dedica- tions of the different groups recorded by Ebed-jesu (p. 509, above), and the interval be…
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* With the appearance of H. Zimmer's book Pelagius in Irland (Berlin, 1901), all previous discussions of the subject of Pelagius’ commentary, and of the related commentaries of pseudo-Jerome and pseudo-Primasius (ct. Swete, p. xlv), were at once superseded ; see a review of Zimmer by the present writer in Journal of Th…
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The dogmatic interest was a much stronger one than the exegetical in the generations which succeeded Isidore; and it appears probable that his letters owe their survival as a collection to the use made of them in the Monophysite controversy. Whether or no he survived till the outbreak under Dioscorus of the secular str…
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Among the letters of Isidore which deal with the study of Holy Scripture in general may be mentioned Epp. i. 369; iv. 91, 140, 208, 221; v. 281, 293, 318. More nearly approaching the subject of exegesis are the letters on linguistic topics, such as that on the use of pijrore in Scripture (ii, 270), or those on Scriptur…
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Thus, just as in doctrine he represents a reac- tion in Egypt from the extremer type of Egyptian theology, so too in exegesis Isidore, Egyptian and Alexandrine though he was, modified the alle- gorical traditions of Alexandrine exegesis under the influences of Chrysostom’s writings. He takes up a middle position betwee…
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A commencement of a comprehensive reissue of Cyril’s works was made by the late P. E. Pusey, and the following portions had appeared when the * The printed Oecumenius contained six quotations by name from Cyril on Romans, three on 1 Corinthians, one on 2 Co- rinthians, two on Galatians; but these might conceivably hav…
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MS decelviii. (Add. 14532), ssec. viii. : on 2 Cor., foll. 376, 486. MS. deecclix. (Add. 14533), saec. viil.-ix. : on 1 Cor., fol. 1036; on 2 Cor., foll. 53a, 590. MS decelxiii. (Add. 14538), seec. x. : on 1 Cor., fol. 23a. MS dcceliii. (Add. 12144), A.D. 1081; on Rom., 1 Cor., 2 Cor. No external data appear to exi…
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An earlier passage in the preface indicates that the ‘blessed Fathers’ whom Theodoret especially * Although Migne’s edition was not published till 1864, it does not seem to have taken any account of this volume. + This MS is not improbably a direct copy of a Venice MS of Theodoret on St. Paul, Marcianus 36, sec. x. …
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The published remains of Gennadius have been collected in Migne, Patr. Gr. 85, ce. 1611-1734 ; the department of exegesis is represented chiefl by Catena fragments on Genesis and on St. Paul. For the latter, Migne’s only Greek sources were ; (i.) the Catena of Oecumenius, which, in the printed text, ascribes to Gennadi…
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(6) In several directions the fragments betray the Antiochene temper of Gennadius’ commen- taries. He uses, if not so frequently as Theodore and Theodoret, the title 6 decrorns Xpiores (Cramer, 63. 35; 410. 21; 478. 34). He speaks of the cout katrdoracis (438. 15), and dwells with special em- phasis on (w7, ddavacia, d…
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* Theodoret appears to come into the question only through the mistake of Cramer’s index; the last three passages there ascribed to Theodorus Monachus are given in the text as Oxodaphrov. + Diodore: Cramer, 188. 19=105. 4; 199. 19=114, 16; 212.. 30 =120. 17; 226, 29=128. 21. Theodore: Cramer, 175. 7=94. 6; 202, 22=116…
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(6) Though these Oecumenian MSS would be the principal means of the reconstruction of the com- mentaries of Photius, yet for the longer epistles considerable assistance would be given by other Catenz. The Catena of Vat. gr. 762, so far as we can restore it from Cramer’s texts, should contain something from Photius on R…
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* Not Ecclesiasticus : see Zahn, p. 66, n. 1. + See a paper by the present writer, ‘An Exegetical Fragment of the Third Century,’ in JTAS y. 218-241 (especially pp. 225- 227), Jan. 1904. | eee PATRISTIC COMMENTARIES PATRISTIC COMMENTARIES 521 Je a a Ss aa Twelve comments on passages in the Pauline epistles are di…
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A. Anonymous Catenw.— 1. The most ancient of the Pauline Catenz, to judge by the limitation of its sources, is the Paris MS, coislin 204, sec. x. (311 folios), from which Cramer published his Catena on the eleven epistles, Galatians-Hebrews (Karo and Lietzmann’s No. iv.) The Fathers regularly cited are Origen (on the …
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3. More importance than the brief account in Karo-Lietzmann (No. lii., op. cit. p. 601) would suggest seems to attach to the Catena on the Corinthian, Galatian, and Ephesian epistles con- taimed in Vat. gr. 692, foll. 1-93. These scholars attribute the MS to the 12th cent., and name Cyril, John Chrysostom, Oecumenius, …
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Diekamp somewhat hastily concludes that his discovery is fatal to the genuineness of the Oecu- menian Catena on St. Paul, in which he would see only the work of a later compiler excerpting Oecumenius in precisely the same way as he ex- cerpted other ancient authorities. But neither of his reasons will stand examination…
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Of the original non-Photian form of the Oecu- menian Catena on St. Paul the following MSS in Karo-Lietzmann’s list (op. cit. p. 605) are attri- buted to the 10th century : i. Paris coislin 95, foll. 348. ii. Vatic. gr. 766, foll. 249. iii. Oxford Bodl. Roe 16, foll. 255. iv. Venice Marcianus 546, foll. 59-205 (but fol…
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Cyril: p. 515.—The only source from which any additions to Pusey’s collection could be hoped for would be a re-edited Oecumenius. Gennadius: p. 518*.—Oecumenius and the various Catenz on Romans ought between them to add something, though perhaps it may not be much, to the fragments put together by Migne. Photius: p. …
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* The name has been erased, but there appears to be now no doubt at all as to the original reading. PATRISTIC COMMENTARIES 525 Old Testament quotations, the table of chapter- divisions, and the arrangement of the text by sense lines, constitute the sum, according to Dr. Robinson, of all that we can safely attribute (…
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(iv.) p. 542: rpdypaypa. Introduction (of 7 ortxor) to No. v. (summary table of Scripture quotations), explaining the use of black and red numerals in * See, further, for the meaning of crixor, p. 527%, below. t But in the case of the prologue and the Martyrium the ovixo are not given in all of Zacagni’s MSS. the fo…
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(xiii.) p. 573: exdeois xepadatwy KafodKdy Kab? éxdorny émicto\y Tov Amooré\ov, éxdvTwy Tidy Kal mepixds Hrroduacpécers TAS did TOD KivvaBdpews. ‘ List of all the chapters in each epistle of the Apostle, some chapters having also subdivisions; and such sub- divisions are marked in red.’ Nothing follows this title in Za…
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g. To each epistle of which the commencement is extant is prefixed a table of kepddaa : the whole of that for 1 Timothy (a’-u7), and part of those for Galatians (v-.8’), Hebrews (f’-.a’), and Titus (6'-s’), are preserved. In two instances, chapters ¢ and 6’ of Hebrews, subdivisions are also marked, ad B’ y' in the firs…
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Thus the testimony of the Naples MS, late as it is, definitely vindicates for Evagrius, and there- fore for the pre -Euthalian edition of St. Paul, something more than codex H in its mutilated condition was able to do, namely Zacagni’s No. iii. Putting the evidence of the two MSS together, we see that before the year 6…
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* Zacagni’s text omits the bearers for Gal., 1 Thess., 2 Thess., 1Tim., 2 Tim., Titus. EXTRA VOL.—34 PATRISTIC COMMENTARIES 529 xiv. are again Evagrian, and so is the apparatus to the text in No. xv. The time has perhaps hardly come for expressing even a hypothetical view about the authorship of the prologue. If it…
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Euthalius of Sulca, 4842, 485, 489a, 4978, 511b, 524-529), Euthymius Zigabenus, 4852, 486, 486b, 487. b, Evagrius, 496>, 5234. b, 524b-529b. Becandns of Hermiana, 503», 5074, 508b, 5104-b, 5114, 513a, 5154, 175, Gennadius of Constantinople, 485», 487, 4892, 4974, 517>-519a, 520%, 521, 522a. b, 24a. b, Gennadius o…
974 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain historical reference work (1898–1905); OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.