PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
Word Studies in the New Testament — Volume 4
Vincent, Marvin R., 1834-1922 · 200,457 words · 330 reading sections
Chapter Ii.
222 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Ca. Il. the meaning. Some apparel, others guise or deportment = KatdoTnuwa demeanour, Tit. ii. 8. There seems, on the whole, to be no sufficient reason for departing from the rendering of A.V. and Rev.* Koopio modest, seemly, Past®. Note the word-play, xocpety Koopig. With …
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ness. So Chaucer: ‘‘ Schamefast chastite.’’ Knight’s T. 2057. Shakespeare : ‘Tis a blushing shamefast spirit that mutinies in a man’s bosom.”’ Richard IIL. i. 4. It is one of a large class of words, as steadfast, soothfast, rootfast, masterfast, handfast, bedfast, etc. Shamefaced changes and destroys the origin…
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12. Suffer (émitpérw). Lit. turn over to; thence, permit. See 1 Cor. xiv. 34. Usurp authority (avOevreiv). N.T.°. °LXX, Class. It occurs in late ecclesiastical writers. The kindred noun ai@é-. tns one who does a thing with his own hand, Wisd. xii. 6, and also in Herodotus, Euripides, and Thucydides. ’Avdevria rig…
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1. This is a true saying (acrds 6 Adyos). Better, faith- ful is the saying. See on ch. i. 15. Desire (dpéyerar). Better, seeketh. Only here, ch. vi. 10, and Heb. xi. 16. Originally to stretch forth, to reach after. Here it implies not only desiring but seeking after. Desire is expressed by ésrvOuyet immediately fo…
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Vigilant (vn¢advoy). Only in the Pastorals. See ver. 11, and Tit. ii. 2. °9LXX. The kindred verb yvydew means to be sober with reference to drink, and, in a metaphorical sense, to be sober and wary ; cool and unimpassioned. Thus Epichar- mus, vade Kal péuvac’ amiorelv be wary and remember not to be eredulous. See …
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4. That ruleth (poictduevov). Mostly in the Pastorals, but also in Rom. xii. 8; 1 Th. v. 12. The participle means placed in front. Here ina general sense, but in 1 Th. i. 5 of church authorities, but only functionally, not as a title of specially appointed officers. It is characteristic of the loose and unsettled …
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Of them which are without (a76 rév éwbev). "Ef€obev only once in Paul (2 Cor. vii. 5), and of é&wGev nowhere in Paul, and only here in Pastorals. Paul’s phrase is 0 é: gee tor. vo 12,133 2 Corsive 163 1 The ive 12. Reproach (dvedcoyov). By Paulin Rom. xv. 8: only here in Pastorals: three times in Hebrews. Snare (…
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In a pure conscience (év cafapa cuvedjce). Comp. 2 Tim. i. 3,5,19. Const. with holding. The emphasis of the passage is on these words. They express conscientious purity and sincerity in contrast with those who are described as branded in their own conscience, and thus causing their fol- lowers to fall away from th…
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* Holtzmann and Huther add 1 Pet. iv. 11; but Huther says that it is not to be limited to the official ministry of the Deacon. It may fairly be taken in the general sense of serve. So von Soden. Cu. III] THE FIRST EPISTLE TO TIMOTHY. 237 its original sense of to win, acquire, without any idea of a bargain. So Baco…
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* The reading rdxuov or raxetov more quickly, is preferred by Tischendort and Weiss. The comparative would signify sooner than these instructions presuppose. { Holtzmann makes an ingenious plea for apposition with deo God, though he does not decisively adopt it. Others explain as beginning the following clause, th…
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In the flesh (€v capxié). Comp. J.i.14; 1J.iv. 2; 23.7; Rom. i. 8; vill. 38; ix. 5. Lap& flesh only here in Pastorals. Justified in the Spirit (éd:car@On év mvevuarr). The verb d:cacodv, so familiar in Paul’s writings, is found in the Past- orals only here and Tit. iii. 7. Its application to Christ as the subject …
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The justification or vindication of what he really was did not therefore come out of the fleshly sphere. He was not justified in the flesh. It came out of the sphere of his spiritual being. Glimpses of this pneumatic life (€v zvevpart) flashed out during his life in the flesh. By his exalted and spotless character,…
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1. Now (62). Better but, since there is a contrast with the preceding confession of the norm of faith. Expressly (pnras). N.T.°. °LXX. In express words. In the latter times (év torépors xatpois). The phrase only here. For xaipés particular season or juncture, see on Matt. xii. 1; Actsi.7. Not the same as év éoydra…
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Hath created (éxticev). A common Pauline word. Only here in the Pastorals. To be received (eis peradnuyuv). Lit. for participation. N. T.°. °LXX. It occurs in Plato and Aristotle. Of them which believe and know the truth (rots muo- Tos Kal éreyvoxdat THY adyGeav). The dative depends on created for participation, …
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Whereunto thou hast attained (7 mapnxodovOnxas). Wrong. Rend., which thou hast closely followed. Comp. 2 Tim. iii. 10. The verb means, primarily, to follow beside, to attend closely. In this literal sense not inN.T. To attend to or follow up, as a disease. So Plato, Rep. 406 B, mapaxon- ovdav T@ voonuate Savacip p…
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10. Therefore (eis rodT0). More correctly, to thes end; or with a view to this. We labour and strive (xomidpuev Kal aywuSouela). Both Pauline words. See on Col. i. 29, where the two are found 950 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Cu IV. together as here. Also on «dou labour, 1 Th. i. 3; and xomiavras labouring,…
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252 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. (Cu. IV. and the prophecy concurred in attesting the candidate for ordination. With the laying on of the hands (pera émifécews Tav xepav). Mera with implies that the prophetic intimations were in some way repeated or emphasised in connection with the ceremony of ordination. …
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Give thyself wholly to them (év tovrois tof). Lit. be in these things. ‘The phrase N.T.°. The only parallel in LXX is Prov. xxiii. 17. The meaning is that he is to throw him~ self wholly into his ministry. Comp. “totus in illis,” Horace, Sati) 92: * Eph. ii; Magnes. ii, xiii; Trall. ii, vii; Philad. iv, v, vii; Sm…
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1. Rebuke not an elder (mpecBurépp pr émumdhtns). The verb N. T.°. °LXX. Originally to lay on blows; hence to castigate with words. IpecBvtepos elder, °P., but frequent in Gospels, Acts, and Apocalypse. Modern crit- ical opinion has largely abandoned the view that the original Christian polity was an imitation of …
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* The late Dr. Hort, in his Hcclesia, holds that ‘‘ Bishop’? was not the designation of an office, but of a function. It was a description of the Elder’s function. He says: ‘‘It is now pretty generally recognised . . . that we have not here (in the word érlcxomos) a different office, held by one person in contrast …
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‘His (Jove’s) blind nevew Cupido.”’ House of Fame, 67. Jeremy Taylor: “Nephews are very often liker to their grandfathers than to their fathers.” Let them learn. The subject is the children and grand- children. Holtzmann thinks the subject is any widow, used collectively. But the writer is treating of what should…
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Infidel (amicrov). Better, wnbeliever. One who is nota Christian, as 1 Cor. vi. 6; vii. 12, 18, etc. Even an unbe- liever will perform these duties from natural promptings, Cx. V.] THE FIRST EPISTLE TO TIMOTHY. 261 9. Be taken into the number (xatadeyécOw). Better, enrolled (as awidow). N.T.°. Very rare in LXX. Co…
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* Weizsiacker has it: wenn sie trotz Christus in Begierde fallen. Cu. V.] THE FIRST EPISTLE TO TIMOTHY. 263 This is the only instance in the Pastorals in which the Christ is used without Jesus either before or after. In Paul this is common, both with and without the article. They will marry (yapety OéXovew). Bette…
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Cu. V.] THE FIRST EPISTLE TO TIMOTHY. 265 14. That the younger women marry (vewrépas yapeiv). Better, the younger widows. This seems to be required by ovv therefore, connecting the subject of the verb with the class just described. They are enjoined to marry, rather than to assume a position in the church which th…
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Thou shalt not muzzle (0d ¢ipoces). In N. T. mostly in the metaphorical sense of putting to silence. See on speechless, Matt. xxii. 12, and put to silence, Matt. xxii. 84. Also on Mk. iv. 39. On the whole passage see note on 1 Cor. ix. 9. That treadeth out (addowvTa). More correctly, while he is treading out. ‘The…
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May fear (¢d8ov éywouv). May have fear, which is stronger than A. V. 21. I charge (Scawapripowar). In Paul 1 Th. iv. 6 only. See on testifying, 1 Th. ii. 12. For this sense, adjure, see L. xvi. 28; Acts ii. 40; 2 Tim. ii. 14. Elect angels (éxrAextav ayyédwv). The phrase N. T.°. The triad, God, Christ, the angels,…
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iv. 18; Eph. v. 11. By a too hasty and inconsiderate res- toration, he would condone the sins of the offenders, and would thus make common cause with them. Keep thyself pure (ceavrov dyvov type). Comp. ch. vi. 14. Enjoining positively what was enjoined negatively in the preceding clause. For pure see on 1 J. iii. …
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272 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Cu. VI. alds, proclaiming their sentence in advance. Kpéowy, not spe- cifically of the judgment of men or of the final judgment of God, or of the sentence of an ecclesiastical court — but indefin- itely. The writer would say: no judicial utterance is neces- sary to condemn t…
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Doctrine which is according to godliness (17 Kaz’ evoe- Beav didackadia). The phrase only here. See on 1 Tim. 1.10. For edcéBea, on 1 Tim. ii. 2. 4. He is proud (tetidwrat). See on ch. iii. 6. Knowing nothing (udev érictduevos). Although he knows nothing. °P. Very frequent in Acts. Comp. ch. Leos Doting (voodv).…
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Let us be content (apxecOnacuePa). More correctly, we shall be content. Once in Paul, 2 Cor. xii. 9. A few times in LXX. Comp. Ps. of Sol. xvi. 12: “But with good will and cheerfulness uphold thou my soul ; when thou strength- enest my soul I shall be satisfied (apxéoe: wor) with what thou givest me.” 9. They tha…
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Cu. VI.) THE FIRST EPISTLE TO TIMOTHY. 279 13. Quickeneth ({woyovotvros). OP. Rend. who pre- serveth alive. Quickeneth is according to the reading fw- orrotovvtos maketh alive. Comp. LXX, Ex. i. 17; Judg. vill. 19. This association of God as the preserver with confession is noteworthy in Matt. x. 28-338. Witnesse…
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Of kings (trav Bacidevdvtwy). Lit. of those who rule as kings. Only here for the noun Bactrdov. Bacirel’s Bactr- éwv king of kings, Apoc. xvii. 14; xix. 16. Cu. VI.J THE FIRST EPISTLE TO TIMOTHY. 281 Of lords (xupievovtwy). Lit. of those who lord it. Only here for the noun xupiwv. See xvpios cuplwv lord of lords, …
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Cx. VI] THE FIRST EPISTLE TO TIMOTHY. 283 Eternal life (ris dvrws Swis). More correctly, the life which is life indeed, or that which is truly life. See on ch. vy. 3. 20. That which is committed to thy trust (rv apa- Onxnv). Only in Pastorals. Comp. 2 Tim. i. 12,14. From mapa beside or with, and riOévat to place. …
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1. An apostle by the will of God. So 2d Corinthians, Ephesians, Colossians. 1st Corinthians adds called or by call (KAnTOS). According to the promise, etc. (a7 évrayyerlav). ’Aoc- ToXos KaTa does not appear in any of the Pauline salutations. In 1 Tim. kar’ éritayhy according to the commandment, and in Titus cata …
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| have remembrance (éy@ tv pvefav). The phrase once in Paul, 1 Th. iii. 6. Commonly, prelav rovodpar I make mention, Rom. i. 9; Eph. i. 16; 1 Th. i. 2; Philem. 4. Night and day (vuxris xal jyépas). See 1 Tim. v. 5. The phrase in Paul, 1 Th. ii. 9; iii. 10; 2 Th. iii. 8. Const. with greatly desiring.* 4. Greatly d…
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| am persuaded (7ézreicpuar). The verb in Pastorals only here and ver. 12. Often in Paul. 6. Wherefore (dv jv airiav). Lit. for which cause. "Auria- notin Paul. The phrase in ver. 12; Tit.i.13; also in Luke,, Acts, and Hebrews. Paul’s expression is 50 or dvd rodta. Stir up (avafmrupeiv). N.T.°. UXX, Gen. xlv. 273.…
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10. Made manifest (¢avepwGeicav). See on 1 Tim. iii. 16, In contrast with the preceding clause, this marks the histor- 292 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Cu. L ical fulfilment in time of the eternal, divine counsel. Comp. Tit. i. 8. There is an implication that the divine counsel was hidden until the fitting …
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294 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Cu I. of the righteous judgment of God, Rom. ii. 5: the day of redemption, Eph. iv. 30. 18. The form (irortrewcv). Pasts®°. CLXX, Class. See on 1 Tim. i. 16. Of sound words (éyvawvovtav Adyov). See on 1 Tim. i. 16. In faith and love. The teaching is to be held, preached, a…
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1. Therefore (otv). In view of what has been said in the previous chapter. Be strong (évdvvayod). In Paul, Rom. iv. 20; Eph. vi. 10; Philip. iv. 18. Lit. be strengthened inwardly. In the grace (év rj ydpiTt). Grace is the inward source of strength. Comp. the association of grace and strength in 2 Cor. xii. 9. 2.…
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6.. The husbandman that laboureth (Tov comi@vra yewp- yov). The verb implies hard, wearisome toil. See on 1 Th. i. 3; v. 12. Tewpyds husbandman, only here in Pastorals. OP. See ond. xv. 1. Must be first partaker (de? mpatov — perarapBavev). Better, must be the first to partake. His is the first right to the fruit…
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For (yap). Faithful is the saying that the elect shall obtain salvation with eternal glory, for if we be dead, etc.+ * Others connect with what follows: I endure —on this account, namely, that the elect may obtain salvation. For the elects’ sake is not against this connection, since God’s election does not do away …
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Rightly dividing (dporopodvra). N.T.°. °Class. In LXX, Prov. iii. 6; xi. 5; both times in the sense of direct- 302 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Cz. II. ing the way. From ép60s straight and réuvevv to cut. Hence, to cut straight, as paths; to hold a straight course; generally, to make straight; to handle rig…
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304 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Cu. Il. the contents of “the sound teaching” (1 Tim. i. 10), which is “according to godliness” (1 Tim. vi. 8), and which is depos- ited in it. “The mystery of godliness” is intrusted to it (1 Tim. iii. 16). Its servants possess “the mystery of the faith” (1 Tim. iii. 9). In …
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House (oikia). As Oeuédvos foundation indicates the inward, essential character of the church, o/«ia exhibits its visible, outward aspect. The mixed character of the church points to its greatness (ueyaAn). Vessels (oxen). See on Matt. xii. 29; Mk. iii. 27; Acta ixeilo is weve 17 er Pet. ini. T. Of wood and of ea…
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Must not (ov 52). Moral obligation. Gentle (j7vov). Only here and 1 Th. ii. 7 (note). Apt to teach, patient (dvdaxrtixdv, aveEtxaxov). Acdaxtixds apt to teach, only here and 1 Tim. iii. 2 (note). ’Ave&/kaxos forbearing, N. T.°. ’AveE:xaxia forbearance, Wisd. ii. 19. Rend. forbearing. 25. In meekness (éy patty). A…
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Covetous (diAapyupor). Better, lovers of money. Only here and L. xvi. 14. For the noun ¢cAapyupia love of money, see on 1 Tim. vi. 10. Love of money and covetousness are not synonymous. Covetous is mAeoveéetns ; see 1 Cor. v. 10, 11; Eph. vy. 5. See on Rom. i. 29. Boasters (arafdves). Or swaggerers. Only here and …
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Divers (vocxédats). In Pastorals only here and Tit. iii. 3. Lit. variegated, of different tints. See on manifold wisdom, Eph. iii. 10.* 7. Ever learning. From any one who will teach them. See on 1 Tim. v.18. It is a graphic picture of a large class, by no means extinct, who are caught and led by the instruct- ion…
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15. From a child (azo Bpépous). Mostly in Luke. °P. Only here in Pastorals. See on 1 Pet.ii. 2. Comp. Mk. ix. 21, é« madic0ev from a child. The holy Scriptures (éepa ypdupara). Note particularly the absence of the article. Dpdadppara is used in N. T. in sev- eral senses. Of characters of the alpharet (2 Cor. iii. …
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Is given by inspiration of God (@edrvevoros). N. T.°. °LXX. From eds God and mveiv to breathe. God-breathed. The word tells us nothing of the peculiar character or limits of inspiration beyond the fact that it proceeds from God. In construction omit zs, and rend. as attributive of ypagi every divinely-inspired Scr…
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1. I charge (dvayapripouat). See on 1 Tim. v. 21. At his appearing (cat rv éripaveay). Rend. “and by his appearing,” éwipdveray thus depending on diayapripopat, and the accusative being the ordinary accusative of conjuration, with which dy must be supplied. The A.V. follows the read- ing kata at. For émipdvera app…
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Shall they heap to themselves teachers (éavrois émricwpev- govolv didacKkaddouvs). A vigorous and graphic statement. "Emicopevev to heap up, N. T.°. Comp. cecwpevpéva laden, ch. iii. 6. The word is ironical; shall invite teachers en Cu. IV.] THE SECOND EPISTLE TO TIMOTHY. 821 masse.* In periods of unsettled faith,…
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7. Ihave fought a good fight (rév cadov aydva Hry@vicpar). For a good fight rend. the good fight. For the phrase, see Cu. IV.] THE SECOND EPISTLE TO TIMOTHY. 823 on 1 Tim. vi. 12. Comp. Philip. i. 27, 30; 1 Cor. ix. 25; Colm Veet Phe ti? 3s EphSvis11 ff: Course (dpéuov). Metaphor from the race-course. Only here a…
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11. Luke. See Introd. to Luke. His connection with Paul appears first in Acts xvi. 10. He remained at Philippi after Paul’s departure, and was there seven years later, when Paul revisited the city (Acts xx. 5,6). He accompanied Paul to Jerusalem (Acts xxi. 15), after which we lose sight of him until he appears at …
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Parchments (weuSpavas). N.T.°. Manuscripts written on parchment or vellum. Strictly speaking, veilum was made from the skins of young calves, and the common parchment from those of sheep, goats, or antelopes. It was a more dur- able material than papyrus and more expensive. The Latin name was membrana, and also pe…
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18. Every evil work (aavtés épyou trovnpov). Every design and attempt against him and his work. Tlovnpds evil cannot be limited to evil on its active side. See on 1 Cor. vy. 13. The word is connected at the root with wévec@at to be needy, and roveiv to toil; and this connection opens a glimpse of that sentiment wh…
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1. An apostle—according to the faith of God’s elect, etc. The norm of the apostolate in each of the three Epistles is unique, and not Pauline. In 1 Tim., according to the com- mandment of God: in 2 'Tim., according to the promise of life in Christ Jesus. Karta according to, not for the faith, but cor- responding t…
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Ordain elders (xatactyons mpecButépovs). Kabiordvar appoint or constitute. In Paul only Rom. v.19. For the sense here comp. Matt. xxiv. 45,47; L. xii. 14; Acts vi. 3. The meaning of the injunction is, that Titus should appoint, out of the number of elderly men of approved Christian reputation, certain ones to be o…
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336 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Cu. I. renewed the treaty which his brother Judas had made with Rome. Josephus (Ant. xvii. 12,1; Bell. Jud. ii. T, 1) says that Herod’s pseudo-son Alexander imposed on the Cretan Jews on his way to Italy. Philo (Leg. ad Caz. § 36) makes the Jewish envoys say to Caligula that…
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13. Sharply (avorcuws). Only here and 2 Cor. xiii. 10 (mote). Paul has azroropuia severity, Rom. xi. 22 (note). LXX, dzrordépwws severely, only Wisd. v. 22; arrordpmos severe (mot in N. T.), Wisd. v. 20; xi. 10; xii. 9. From dzo- Téuvew to cut off. It signifies abrupt, harsh, summary dealing. 14. Not giving heed (…
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Behaviour (xatacrnjuwatt). N. T.°. See on xatacrory apparel, 1 Tim. ii. 9. It means, primarily, condition or state. Once in LXX, 8 Mace. v. 45, caradotnua pariddes the mad- dened state into which the war-elephants were excited. Hence the state in which one habitually bears himself — his deportment or demeanour. A…
671 wordsSource & rights
Public domain historical edition (1887); scan/OCR from Internet Archive.
Project Gutenberg source record →
Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.