PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 6
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,371,720 words · 1335 reading sections
Section 901
Mortar [for pulverizi?ig'] is the rendering of naiO (medokah', something for beating). Numb, xi, 8 ; also of drisp {maktesh', lit. a pounder, applied also to a "hol- low" or socket, e. g. of a tooth, Judg. xv, 19), Prov. xxvii, 22, an instrument for comminuting grain or other substances, by means of a pestle, in place …
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MORTAR 6 it from his Indian experience. ' Large mortars are used in the East for the purpose of separating the rice from the husk. When a considerable quantity has to be prepared, the mortar is placed outside the door, and two women, each with a pestle of five feet long, begin the work. They strike in rotation, as bla…
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Mortification (2), in Scotch law, is a term used to denote lands given for charitable or other public uses. When lands are so given, they are in general formally conveyed to the trustees of the charity, to be held blench, or in feu. When mortifications are given in general to the poor, without naming particular trustee…
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accumulation of landed property in the hands of ecclesi- astical bodies, and protection of the state interests, es- pecially in view of the evasions of the Church. But even this provision failed to meet the case. The wily churchmen found a way to evade compliance with this law by a collusive action brought in court for…
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II, c. 36, as already stated, for exempting various bodies from the operation of that act. These acts chiefly ap- ply to the Established Church. The statute 58 George III, c. 45, amended by 59 George III, c. 134, and 2 and 3 William IV, c. 61, is intended to promote the building of new churches in populous places in E…
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MORTON 664 MORTON" was made regent of the kingdom, and Morton reinstated in the office of lord chancellor. He continued in this situation during the regencies of Murray, Lennox, and Mar, and was indeed a principal actor in all matters of importance whicli took jjlace in their time; and on Mar's death, at the end of …
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S.V.). Morton, John, an English cardinal and arch- bishop, one of the most noted characters of the history of England during the IMiddle Ages, figuring promi- nently in the political history of Europe, was eldest son of Kichard ISIorton, of Milbourne St. Andrews, in Dor- setshire, and was born at Bere in that county i…
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"The state of things was atrocious enough apparently to have caused the bones of the English plape to stir in his grave with indignation. Ample i)rovocation had been given for the extreme exercise of the powers granted by the head of the Church thus disgraced and outraged ; but archbishop Morton presently found that he…
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MORTON" 6 his labors to effect a reformation in the Church. They were not productive of much immediate result, but help- ed materially to bring about the vigorous movement which was successful in the following reign. His in- vestigations proved beyond the possibility of doubt that the evils of the papal system had nea…
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Mortuarian. See Mortlary. Mortuary (derived from mors, death) is, in Brit- ish ecclesiastical law. and usage, a gift which is oflTered to the minister upon the death of one of the parishion- ers. It was anciently the usage, Seklen tells us, to bring the mortuary to the church with the corpse; whence it took the name o…
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Forret was burned at Edinburgh in 1539. See Fox, Book of Mai-tyrs ; Eadie, Eccles. Cyclop, s. v. ; Hook, Eccles. Diet. s. v. ; Walcott, Sacred A rckmology, s. v. See Taxes. Morus, Samuel Frederic Nathaniel, a dis- tinguished German Lutheran divine, was born at Lau- ban, in Upper Lusatia, Nov. 30, 1736. He received his…
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Morzillo, Skijastiax Fox, a Spanish philosopher, was born about 1523 at Seville; antl, after studying at the high schools of his own country, went to France, and finally finished his studies at the University of Louvain (Belgium), and applied himself with particular care to the history of the quarrels of the Platonican…
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These are the main provisions of Jlosaism as dis- tinguislied from the dispensation that immediately preceded it, and to these all the particulars of miracle and vision, and angelic and political machinery, were subordinate. While it possessed these advantages, it yet exhibited the following marked deficiencies as com-…
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with a vast array of ceremonial apparatus and parade. Under the Christian economy, on the other hand, the human soul is taught to come directly to God for pardon of its sins. Yet here likewise there is a close analogy in the person of the Redeemer, who is at once Victim and Intercessor. The practical influence, however…
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3. Spirilualli/. — The analogy between Mosaism and Christianity, as we have sketched it, has, it will be per- ceived, been gradually opening into contrast. This is most apparent in this the highest range of significance of either economy. It is here that the earlier structure intended to serve but a.s the scaffolding f…
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MOSAISM 671 MOSAISM protest (Matt, xv, 3-14) and bitter invective (Matt, xxiii). The tender-hearted Eevelator, too, found no language to describe the central seat of its worship but as "the city which is spiritually called Sodom and Egypt" (Rev. xi, 8), and branded its expatriated sanct- uary as "the synagogue of Sa…
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3, Freedom from Superstition. — As a result of this single eye to the glory of a supreme God, Mosaism was calculated to deliver its followers from those chimerical fears and goblin doubts which continually haunt the votaries of polytheism and damonism. The Jew was not distracted bj' luicertainty at which of many often …
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Moschabeans is the name of a Mohammedan sect who believe that God is literally what the Koran de- scribes him to be. They arc a sort of Anthropomor- phites. It is certain that the vulgar Mohammedans are ignorant enough to imagine that God has hands, feet, eyes, and ears; some of them even hold that he has a thick, blac…
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Moscorovius, Hieronyjius, a Polish Unitarian writer of note, flourished towards the close of the 16th or about the opening of the 17th century. He was a nobleman and a lay worker in the Church. He is sup- posed to have died about 1625. He is distinguished especially as the joint author (with Valentine Schmalz, a Socini…
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III. Held in the palace of the czar at Moscow in 1655, by the czar Alexis; Nikon, the patriarch of Moscow, presiding. The object of the council was the correction of the liturgy, etc., of the Russian Church. Nikon, soon after his appointment to the patriarchate, had his at- tention drawn to the great alterations which …
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(1439), whose sole object was the reunion of the Greek with the Latin Church. He was highly esteemed by pope Eugenius IV, who created him cardinal of Russia in 1441. He returned to Moscow, but miserably failed in his zealous efforts of reunion. The people were so enraged against him that the grand-duke Wasilj III had t…
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In his writings, which take high rank in German lit- erature, Mriser often presents his ideas in a humorous garb, which, suiting the tastes of the peojjle, made him deservedly popular. His most important contribution to literature is his Geschirhte von Osnuhriick (2 vols. 17t)8; 2d and improved ed. 1780: 3d cd. 1820; a…
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MOSERA 677 MOSES en (Nuremb. 1772, 6 parts, 8vo) : — Beitrdge zu i-eichsrit- (t rschaf (lichen Suchen (Ulm, 1775, 4 parts, 8vo):— .16- hamUungen iihei- verschiedene Heichsmaterien (Ulm, 1772- 1778, 5 vols. 4to): — Rnchsstddtisches Marjazin (Ulm, 1774-1775, 2 vols. 8vo) : — Neueste Geschichte der unmit- telbaren Reic…
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II. Ilis Biography. — The materials for this are the following : a. The details preserved in the last four books of the Pentateuch, b. The allusions in the proph- ets and Psalms, which, in a few instances seem indepen- dent of the Pentateuch, c. The Jewish traditions pre- served in the N. T. (Acts vii, 20-38 ; 2 Tim. i…
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I made in modem times to identify the Pharaoh into ] whose family Closes was thus introduced, but different Egyptologists have varied widely as to his name and relative position, according to their several chronologi- cal and historical schemes. See Egypt. The latest and most plausible effort in this direction is that …
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Moses fled into Midian, B.C. 1698. Beyond the fact that it was in or near the peninsula of Sinai, its precise situation is unknown. Arabian tradition points to the country east of the (iulf of Akaba (see Laborde). Jose- phus (Ant. ii, 11, 1) makes it *' by the Red Sea." There was a famous well (" the well," Exod. ii, 1…
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MOSES 680 MOSES self-existence of the one God. The name itself, as al- ready mentioned, must have been known in the family of Aaron, Hut its grand siguiticance was now first drawn out. Sec Jkuovaii. (2.) The mission was given to Moses to deliver his people. The two signs are characteristic — the one of his past Egyp…
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. 3, Jfoses's Public Career. — Tlius, after the solitude of pastoral life, where he was appointed to ripen gradually for his high calling, he was now unexpectedly and sud- denly sent back among his people, in order to achieve their deliverance from Egyptian bondage. Overruled antl encouraged by the above remarkable int…
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ode ; Law; Passoveu; Plague; Sinai; Wander- ings; Wilderness. 4. Moses's Death. — In exact conformity with liis life is the account of his end. The book of Deuteronomy describes, and is, the long, last farewell of the prophet to his people. It took place on the first day of the elev- enth month of the fortieth year of…
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HI. Character, Work; and Writinrjs of Moses. — It will be best to confine ourselves here to such indications of these as transpire through the general framework of the Scripture narrative, or appear in traditions and pro- fane accounts. It is important to trace his relation to his immediate circle of followers. In the…
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MOSES 683 MOSES The passage of the Red Sea by Moses and his followers was regarded as a striking parallel to some of the de- tails of Bacchus's expedition to India (Nonnus, xx, 253). Bacchus also smites the Hydaspes with a rod, and passes over dry-shod (Nonnus, xxiii, 115, 124, 156-188; xxiv, 41). Even the smiting o…
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(b.) His character as a Prophet is, from the nature of the case, more distinctly brought out. He is the first as he is the greatest example of a prophet in the O. T. The name is, indeed, applied to Abraham before (Gen. XX, 7), but so casually as not to enforce our attention. But in the case of Moses it is given with pe…
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(4.) The fourth mode of divine manifestation was that which is described as commencing at this junc- ture, and which continued with more or less uniformity through the rest of his career. Immediately after the catastrophe of the worship of the calf, and apparently in conseiiuence of it, ]Mosos removed the chief tent ou…
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[4.] Probably, either from him or his immediate pro- phetic followers, the fragments of war-songs in Numb. xxi, 14, 15, 27-30, preserved in the " book of the wars of Jehovali," Numb, xxi, 14; and the address to the well, xxi, IG, 17, 18. [5.] The song of Moses (Deut. xxxiii, 1-43), setting forth the greatness and the …
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The prophetic office of Moses, however, can only be fully considered in connection with his whole character and appearance. "By a prophet Jehovah brought Is- rael out of Egypt, and by a prophet was he preserved" (Hos. xii, 13j. He was, in a sense peculiar to himself, the founder and representative of his people; and in…
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(6.) Clirist, like Moses, is a Lawgiver : " Him shall ye hear." His whole appearance as a Teacher, differing in much besitles, has this in common with Moses, unlike the other jirophets, that he lays down a code, a law, for his followers. The Sermon on the Mount almost inev- itably suggests the parallel of Moses on Jlou…
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MOSES 687 MOSES BEN-CHANOCH er, iMunicb, 1859) thinks he has discovered traces of the liistory and nanrie of Moses in two of the Leyden paiiyri written in the hieratic character (com p. Heath, TIks K.viidiis Papyri, Lond. 1855). Concerning the hfe and work of Moses, compare also Warburtiin, On Ihe Dirine Legation o…
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MOSES CHOREXEXSIS 6S8 MOSES DE COUCY sckickte d. Israelilen, p. 281 sq. ; Braunschweiger, Ge- schickte d. Juden in den romanischen Stuuten, p. '22 sq. ; Basiiaffe, Hist, of the Jews, p. GOG (Engl, transl. by Tay- lor); Miimaii, UUt. of the Jews, iii, 15G sq. ; Da Costa, Israel and the Gentiles, p. 250 sq. ; id. Hist…
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Moses de Coucy bkn- Jacob bkx-Ch.vyim (hak-Kohen ben-Chananel), the most celebrated Jewish preacher of the ^liddle .Vges, was born at Coucy, not far from Soissons, cir. A.D. 1200. He severely reprobated a custom tlien prevalent of marrying strange women. He often preached on that subject, and at last had the good fort…
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Moses ben-Jacob. See Moses Albrt.da. Moses de Leon (ben-Shem-Tob), a Jewish phi- losopher, poet, and theologian of repute, was born at Leon about 1250, and died at Arevolo, A.D. 1305. He is best known as the author of the Cabalistic book called the Sohar, which he first published and sold as the pro- duction of E. Sim…
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I Rashi, Ibn-Ganach, Ibn-Ezra, Parchon, etc. See Stein- schneider, Bibliographisches jfandbuch, p. 95; Zunz,Zur I Geschichte und Literatur, p. Ill ; Ginsburg, in Kitto, Bibl. Cyclop, s. v. Moses or Sataxow. See Sataxow. I Moses ben-Shesheth, a Jewish interpreter of the IJiblf, who deserves to \>e ranked among the ab…
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Mosheim's other important works on Church historj'- are his tract, I)e Rebus Christianorum ante Constantinum (Helmst. 1753), and Institutiones Historim Christianae Majores (1739), which is a fuU Church history of the first century : — ■Bisseiiaiiones ad Hist. Ecclesiasticam perti- nentes (new ed, Altona, 1767, 2 vols.)…
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Mosque (Spanish mesquiJa, French mosquee, Ara- bic masjed, " a house of prayer," from sajnda, " to bend, bow, adore") is the name applied in English to an}' Mohammedan house of worship; the larger houses of worship are called by Jloslem " jami"' (places of assem- bling) or "culliyet" (cathedrals). The first mosque was …
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their treasures, the sacredness of the place alone being sufficient protection. The former rigor by whicli un- believers were excluded from mosques under penalty of death has been of late years relaxed in some places. The finest specimens extant of Moslem architecture are thought to be the mosque at Mecca, the mosque …
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Motazilites. See Mohajimedan Sects, in this volume, p. 423, col. 2. Mote {Kuptpoc, something dry), any small dry par- ticle, as of clialf, wood, etc. (Matt, vii, 3-5 ; Luke vi, 41, 42). Small faults or errors in others, discovered through the magnifying medium of prejudice, are likened by our Lord in these passages to…
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MOTHE 695 MOTHER clcaveth to harlots,' but the better reading is aijirv, ' rottenness.' Since the ' treasures' of the Orientals, in ancient times, consisted partly of 'garments, both new and old' (Matt, xiii, 52; and comp. Josh, vii, 21; Judg. xiv, 12), the ravages of the clothes-moth afforded them a lively emblem o…
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Mother (DN, em, a primitive word ; Gr. firjrrjp ; but mother-in-law is Pi^H, chamoth' ; once TSrin, chothe'- neth, Deut. xxvii, 23 ; Gr. Tnv^spa). " The superiority of the Hebrew over all other contemporaneous systems of legislation and of morals is strongly shown in the higher estimation of the mother in the Jewish fa…
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arose who understood the word Lord in an inferior sense, and then it became necessan,' to assert that God and Lord, as applied to our blessed Saviour, are synonj-mous terms. And sound theologians will still occasionally use the term Mother of God, lest Nestorianism should be held unconsciously by persons who wish to be…
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to determine his will than it can be an argument to de- termine his judgment." "This is Aristotle's definition (to tvEKa oil) of end or final cause; and as a synonyme for end or final cause the terra motive had been long exclusively employed" (Sir Wm. Hamilton). In Dr. Keid's Essays on the A ctive Foweis he says, " Eve…
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There are two points which render this interesting topic of metaphysical philosophy or psychology also an important one in theology. See Will. 1. The Kcteiit to which Motives control Volition, — On this (piestion there are essentially two theories, (a) That the u-ill tVse//" determines the force or prevalence of the m…
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MOTZER 699 MOULDING Motzer, Daniel, a Presbyterian minister, was born ill Ferry County, Pa., Aug. 16, 1817. He graduated at Jefferson College, Pa. ; studied theology in the Western Seminary, Alleghany, Pa.; was licensed by Carlisle Pres- bytery in 1848, and in 1849 was ordained and installed pastor of the church at …
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rctciborongh C:i;' The plain mouldings in the Dcvr.if'J style arc more diversified than in the Early English, though in large suites rounds and hollows continue for the most part to prevail ; the hollows are often very deeply cut, but in many instances, especially towards the end of the style, they become shallower and…
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Romanists, especially the Jesuits, was born at Buhy, in the Vexin, Oct. 18, 1568, He studied first at the I'rot- estaiit school in Sedan, and next at the English high school at Cambridge, from which univefsity he re- moved, after a four-years' stay, to accept the professor- ship of philosophy at Leyden. This professors…
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Moulin, Pierre du (2), son of the preceding, and noted as a most enthusiastic Calvinist, was born in 1600 at Paris, and graduated at Leyden; but going after- wards to England, obtained, like his father, a prebend at Canterbury, and was one of the chaplains to king Charles II. He died in 1683. He was the author of The P…
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tain ranges, which only admit communication with the sea-side by means of the intersecting passes and ravines, extend into Judica several miles north of Jerusalem, and cover the greater part of this division of Palestine like- wise, the hills becoming higher south of the metropolis. Stretching towards tlie south-east, …
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9. The word translated " covert" in 1 Sam. xxv, 20 is ■nriO, sether, from "l^l^' " ''° hJ^l^j" ^"^l probably refers to tlie shrubbery or thicket through which Abigail's path lay. In this passage "hill" should be "moun- tain." The Chaldee ^^113, tur, is the name still given to the Mount of Olives, the Jehel et-Tur. Se…
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Mountagu(e) [or Montagu(e)], Richard, a learned English prelate, distinguished for his knowledge of primitive Christianity, was born at Doniey, Buck- inghamshire, April 13, 1578, and was educated at Eton and at King's College, Cambridge University, of which he was afterwards a fellow. He took holy orders, and quickly r…
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Mourgues, :Miciiel, a French Jesuit noted fur his profound erudition, was born at Auvergne about 1642. He became royal professor of mathematics and rhetoric in the Academy of Toulouse, and died there in 1713. Among his best works are, A Paralkl between Christian Morality and that of the A ncient Philosophers: — A n Ex-…
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2. Loud lamentation is usually and naturally associ- ated with weeping as a sign of grief (Ruth i, 9 ; 1 Sam. ii, 4; 2 Sam. iii, 31 ; xiii, 3G). Nor are Orientals con- tent with mere sobs: their excitableness appears in howls for grief, even amid the solemnities of worship (Joel i, 13 ; Mic. i, 8, etc.). The Egyptians …
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/. Shaving the head, plucking out the hair of the head or beard (Lev. x, 6; 2 Sam. xix, 24; Ezra ix, §; Job i, 20 ; Jer. vii, 29 ; xvi, 6). See Hair. g. Laying bare some part of the body : Isaiah him- self naked and barefoot (Isa. xx, 2), the Egyptian and Ethiopian captives (ib.ver. 4; xlvii, 2; 1,6; Jer. xiii, 22, 26…
1,048 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.