PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 6
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,371,720 words · 1335 reading sections
Section 721
The same extreme severity characterizes their prac- tice of fasting. Kaye (in his Tertullian. p. 410) sums up the differences between the orthodox and Monta- nists on the subject of fasting thus: "With respect to the jejunium, or total abstinence from food, the ortho- dox thought that the interval between our Saviour's…
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which makes of the man and woman one flesh, be re- newed ? Is such an assimilation capable of repetition ? Besides, the bonds between husband and wife continue in death ; they have only become more sacred by be- coming more spiritual." Yet Tertullian's views, though extreme, do not in this instance clearly set forth th…
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We now return to tlie external history of Jlontanism. We have stated that it probably originated in Phrj-gia about tlie middle of the 2d centur\', and that it spread rapidly during the bloody persecutions under Jlarcus Aurclius. In Asia Minor, however, it met with oppo- sition, and the bishops and s\mods almost univers…
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Montanus, a celebrated heresiarch of the early Christian Church, the supposed founder of a sect named after him Montani^s (q. v.), was a Phrygian by birth, and, according to Eusebius {/fist. Eccles. x, 16). made his first public appearance about A.D. 170, in the vil- lage of Ardabar, on the confines of Phrygia and ^lys…
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Montargon, Egbert FRAX901S de {Ilyacinthe de VAssiiitiptiiiii), a French preacher and theologian, was j born at Paris ilay 27, 1705. He assumed the vows of the Augustines of the street Xotre Dame of the Tictoire's at Paris {les Petits Peres), and very soon became re- markable for his oratorical talent. He was made cour…
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drConfinicrs; Visqwt, Fnil/rej,(,i,fllir(llr.^\liK'{'vT, Xoiii: Bin;,. Gaurnb: s. v. Montbiun, Charles du Puy, a lluguonot war- rior, and a /.oalous Protestant, was born in the diocese of Gap in I.mII. He took an active part in the civil wars of his time, and rendered the Huguenots great ser- vice, performing several …
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Monte Cas(s)ino, the first Benedictine convent ever established, "the venerable mother of Western monachism," and for a thousand years the spot especial- ly dear to the great Benedictine order, was so named after the place in which it was located. Benedict of Nursia (q. v.) having been induced by the representations o…
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MOXTE CATIXO 534 MONTENEGRO Cassino gradually declined again, and was never regain- ed. Among those who inhabited it are yet to be men- tioned bishop Bruno of Segni (abbot 1107-11), cardinal tJiovanni Gaetano. afterwards pope Gelasius II, and es- pecially the learned Tctrus Diaconus. In 1239 the em- peror Frederick …
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Monte, Pietro dal, a celebrated Italian ecclesi- astical canonist, was born at Venice in the latter part of the 15th century, xVfter studying Greek and Ital- ian under the direction of Guarino, he was made mas- ter of arts in Paris, and then obtained the rank of doctor in Padua, In 1433 he was made aiwstolic pro- thono…
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There are no towns in IMontenegro, and the largest vil- lage contains only 1200 inhabitants. Cettigne or Tzet- tinie, the seat of government, contains between twenty and thirty well-built houses, besides a convent and the palace of the prince of Jlontenegro. The villages are unwaUed; the houses, or rather huts, which c…
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MONTENEGRO 536 MONTENEGRO dom inclined to earn- anything, or take any trouble that they can transfer to the women, who are the beasts of burden in Montenegro; and one sees women toiling up the steepest hills under loads which men seldom carry in other countries. They are therefore very mus- cular and strong, and the…
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History.— 'Slanicncixyo belonged in the ^liddle Ages to the great Servian kingdom, but after the dismember- ment of the latter, and its coniiuest by the Turks at the battle of Kossovo (1389), the IMontenegrins, under their prince, who was of the royal blood of Servia. maintained I their independence, though compelled t…
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Montenses seems to have been a local name of the Donatists. St. Augustine says distinctly that in his time those heretics were called "Montenses" at Rome (Aug. H(er. Ixix). Epiphanius and Theodoret both asso- ciate the name, on the other hand, with the Novatians (Epiph. Hcer. lix ; Theodor. Hcer.-fab. iii, 5). In the e…
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Montes Pietatis (Fr. Mont dc Piete, Ital. Monte di J'iitii) is the name of charitable institutions, thor- oughly Christian in origin and purpose, the object of which is to lend money to the very ])oor at a moder- ate rate of interest. Montesquieu's Birthplace. noble and otherwise distinguished family of the prov- inc…
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bert, "real or supposed, of the pride and the duhiess of Asiatic love, is but the smallest of the author's objects; it serves only, so to speak, as a pretext for his delicate satire of our customs, and for other important matters which he fathoms, though appearing but to glance at them." Some censures which jNIontesqui…
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and scepticism of the 18th centui irlt dfs Lois began the spiritualist reaction whicli Rousseau carried on" (Cours de Litterature, vol. i, ch. iv). The work ren- dered great service to humanitarianism by the respect it paid to human life. Pascal, indeed, in his letter on homicide, had preceded him in this, but Ave kn…
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we can have for the morals of mankind ;" and he goes so far as to say that " all .societies require a religion." No one has shown better than he the intimate relation between religion and social life; and it is interesting to observe that it is in the Persian iMttrf, namely, in the work into which he has introduced the…
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Montfaucon, Bernard dk, one of the learned Benedictines of Saint-Maur, noted for his valuable an- tiquarian labors, was born Jan. 17, 1655, of a high fam- ily of Soulage, in Languedoc. He early evinced great facility for acquiring languages, and a remarkable love of stuilv. He was educated at the College of Limoux, but…
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Montferrat, formerly an independent duchy of It- aly, between Piedmont, Milan, and Genoa, and consist- ing of two separate portions, Casale and Acqui, lying between the Maritime Alps and the Po, and having an area of over 1300 square miles, with its capital at Ca- sale, is now incorporated in the kingdom of Italy. jNIo…
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Montfort Manuscript (Codkx JIontfortia- xis, known as :\IS. Gl of the (Jospels, 34 of the Acts, 40 of the I'aidine Epistles, and 92 of Kevclation), so named from a Cambridge divine of the 17th century, who gave it to archbishop Uslier, by whom it was presented to Trinity College, Dublin, in the library of which it stil…
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Montgaillard, Jean Jacques de, a French monastic, noted as a writer on religious topics, was born in 1G33 at Toulouse, and early entered the Dominican order in his native place. He died there March 21, 1711. He is the author of a curious work entitled, Mon- umei!/(t Cotirrufus Tolosani ordinis F. F. Pnedicatorum (Toul.…
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"My father—mother— parents, are no more ! Heueath tl.e liou-star they sleep, Ueyond the Westeiu deep; And when the sun's noon glory crests the waves, He shines without a shadow on their graves." Left to himself, he refused to study for the ministry, and the Brethren placed him as an apprentice to a grocer in Mirfield.…
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MONTGOMERY 545 MONTGOMERY the terms in which I have endeavored to provide for the expression of similar religious experience in others. As all my hymns embody some portion of the joys or sor- rows,"the hopes and fears of this poor heart, so I cannot doubt but that they will be found an acceptable vehicle of expressi…
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Lincoln CoUege, Oxford, where he secured his A.B. in 1833, and A.M. in 1838. He took holy orders in 1835 ; became curate of Whittington, subsequently (1836) re- moved to London as minister of Percy Street Episcopal Chapel ; afterwards went to Glasgow, where he preached for four years, but returned to London, and resume…
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Montgomery, ■William B., a missionary to the Osage Indians, who fionrished in the early half of this century, died in 1834. He publislied a translation into the Osage language of various jiortions of Scripture. Month (usually "d'in, cho'desh, i. e. new moon; later also IT^I^, ye'rach, Chald. n^% yerach' ; Gr. iiijv, e…
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From the time of the institution of the ^Mosaic law downward the month appears to have been a lunar one. The cycle of religious feasts, commencing with the Pass- over, depended not simply on the month, but on the moon (Josephus, Ant. iii, 10, 5); the 14th of Abib was coincident with the full moon (Philo, Vit. Mos. iii,…
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month in commemoration of the exodus (Exod. xii, 2); Zif, the second month (1 Kings vi, I, 37); Bui, the eighth (1 Kings vi, 38) ; and Ethanim, the seventh (1 Kings viii, 2) — the three latter being noticed only in connection with the building and dedication of the Tem- ple, so that we might almost infer that their use…
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second day of the Paschal Feast (Lev. xxiii, 10); nor could the harvest be fini^^hed before the Feast of Weeks, which would then fall in May ; nor could the Feast of Tabernacles, which was after the gathering of all fruits, accord with the month of September, because all these feasts depend on certain stages in the agr…
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3. Tlie identification of the Jewish months with our own cannot be effected with precision on account of the variations that must inevitably exist between the lunar and the solar month, each of the former ranging over MONTH'S MIND 549 MONTLUC viariiim Ju?-{s diviiii et utriusque humani (Paris, 1520, 2 vols, fol.) :…
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Montigny, Jean de, a French prelate of some note, was born in Bretagne in 1637, of parents highly esteemed in the best social circles of France ; and thus, surrounded with superior advantages, was especiallj'' fit- ted for the highest literary culture. He entered the ecclesiastic life, and soon attained to eminence. In…
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] Montmorency is the name of one of the oldest I noble families of France, which figures both in secular I and ecclesiastical history, though oftentimes its celeb- rity was purcliased at the expense of all humanitarian from . „ . „ . r 1 , • r 1 >•<• 1'"^ ..llage in wliich its se\eral members lived, and especially i…
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Medici, ambitious to ride the kingdom, cast her influ- ence with constable Montmorency, who had retired from court, though apparently she coveted the friendship of the Guises (Martin, viii, 362). An alliance was now formed among disaffected courtiers, bourgeoisie, and Protestants against the tJuises, and him who, rulin…
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in France),!, 164-212 ; Sir J. Stephen, Led. Hist. France (3d ed. Lond. 1857, 2 vols. 8vo), vol. ii, lects. xvi and xvii; Student's Hist, of France, p. 311, 316, 319, 324, 337; Jervis, Hist, of the Church of France (Lond. 1872, 2 vols. 8vo), vol. i, ch. ii ; Fisher, 'Hist, of the Ref. p. 258 sq. ; and the works referre…
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Montpellier (Lat. ^fons pessulanus or pit ellanim), a city (if France, in the department of Herault, in 43^ 36' N. lat. and 3= 50' E. long., with a population (1862) of 39,605, is noted as the seat of several Church coun- cils held there in the 12th and 13th centuries. At the Jirst of these, held in 1162, by pope Alexa…
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1384. See Gallia Christiana, vol, iii, col. 71 Uoefcr, Xonr. liiog, Generale, s. v. Montreuil, P.Kits a nnix de, a French theologian, was born in I'aris in 1596. He joined the Jesuits in 1624, and taught ])hilosophy and moral theology. He died in Paris in 1(>46. His works arc: Vie de .Jesus- Christ, liree dfs quatre …
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trating what they regarded as the factious designs of extreme Covenanting leaders. His conduct in England, too, had been questionable. It was accidentally discov- ered that he had been communicating with the king; and when the Parliament assembled (November, 1640), he was cited to appear before a committee. The affair …
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to Inverness, when he lieard that Argj-le was following liini. He instantly turned on liis pursuer, fell upon him unexpectedly at Inverluchy, February 2, 1CJ5, and ut- terly routed his forces. Fifteen liundred of the Camp- bells were slain, and only four of Montrose's men. He then resumed his march northwards, but did …
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Montyon. See IMonthyox, Monument is the incorrect rendering in Isa. Ixv, 4 for "^lUi, vafsiir', a fjnarded place ("hidden thing," as in Isa. xlviii, 6 ; elsewhere " besieged," etc.), such as caves (so the Sept. airr]\niov), or the adyta or shrines of heathen temples (so the Vulg. deluhra'), as jilaces of idolatrous or…
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A. Of the essential nature of Christian art. 1. Of the art faculty. a. The relation of the Church to art per se. Kise of a Christian art. b. Relation of Christian art to the art of clas- sical antiquity. c. Emancipation of art from the Church at the end of the Middle Ages. Relation of Protestantism to art. 2. The…
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o. The third division has reference to art-creation. An art-work prcsup])oses a material as well as an idea. Each is to be examined by itself, as well as in its com- bination in the production of a work of art. On the one side is such a moulding of the material as to breathe into it a living soul, and create in it a sp…
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(2.) The other theme has reference to practical the- ology. Through the contemiilation of a sacred subject I present to the beholder, and tlirough the interpenctrat- I ing genius of a gifted artist, there is doubtless iu Chris- MOODY 557 MOON tian art representations a grand power to enkindle and exalt devotional f…
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Moody, Samuel, an American divine of some note, was born at Newbury, Mass., Jan. 4, 1676 ; was ed- ucated at Harvard College, where he graduated in 1697; then entered upon the special study of theology, and Dec. 29, 1700, was ordained to the sacred ministry in the Congregational Church at York, Me., where he died, Nov.…
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posed to it, and the idea expressed in Psa. cxxi, 6 (" The moon shall not smite thee by night") may have refer- ence to the general or the particidar evil effect: blind- ness is still attributed to the influence of the moon's rays on those who sleep under the open heaven, both by the Arabs (Carne's Letters, i, 8«) and …
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The moon was regarded in the old Syrian superstition as subject to the sun's influence, which was worshipped as the active and generative power of nature, while the moon was reverenced as the passive and producing power. The moon, accordingly, was looked upon as feminine. Herein Oriental usage agrees with our own. But …
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MOON or Lunette (Isa. iii, 18). See Tire. MOON, NEW. See New Moon. MOOR 560 MOORE Moor, Michael, a Roman Catholic divine, who | flouri.-hiil ill Iji'^land from KUO to 172(J, was a native ' of Duliliii. Irclaiiil. and spent some time in France, at i one time tilling the post of principal of the College of j Navarre…
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Moore, Franklin, D.D., a minister of note of the i\Ifili(Kli.-t Episcopal Church, was born Feb. 14, 1822, in Beaver. I'a. In (piite tender years he was converted, and though his father, who was a lawyer and eminent at the bar, wished him to choose the legal profession as his life-calling, his mind drifted beyond all pe…
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he was induced to exhort, and in a short time to preach. His audience gathered in a deserted weaver's shop, which was furnished for the purpose with seats and a desk. He soon gathered the masses, and in a very brief period had an organized society of twenty-six members. He was zealous in good works, and rich in his per…
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Moore, James, an early minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, was bom in Tyrone Co., Ireland, in 1700 ; joined the Methodists in 178G ; migrated to Amer- ica in 1792, and joined the Philadelphia Conference in 1794. For forty-eight years he was a faithful and use- ful minister, particularly gifted in exhortation. H…
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Moore, John Weeks. See Moore, IIexry Eaton. Moore, Martin, a Congregational minister of some note as a religious journalist, was born at Sterling, Mass., April 22, 1790; was educated at Brown University, where he graduated in 18] 0 ; and for nearly thirty years ser^-ed in the ministrj' at Natick, ISIass., and afterwar…
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two years with great success on the Logan Circuit. He was next appointed agent of the Southern Methodist Book Concern and Tract Society, and he so ably dis- charged the obligations of his office as to largely in- crease the influence of the institution. He met with great success — preaching, raising funds, or circulati…
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archbishop Martin of Toledo invaded Andalusia in 1194, and laid the country waste; the following year king Alphonso HI of Castile sent a challenge to Africa to the governor, .Jacob Almansor, who, in return, came to Spain with a large army, and defeated Alphonso, July 19, 1 195. Thirty thdusand Cliristians, including th…
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All the Arab learning, art, industry, and fortune grad- ually centred in Granada, which succeeded in maintain- ing its political autonomy until about the end of the 15th century. A small sea-coast province of not over 430 square miles, it arrived— partly owing to its situa- tion, and more particularly to the zeal and i…
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This system of conversion, however, appeared too slow to the fanatical party, and the archbishop of To- ledo, cardinal Ximenes (q. v.), obtained from the grand inquisitor an authorization to establish an Inquisition among the Elches (Christians who had embraced Is- lamism ; most of them were baptized Moors), and this g…
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ing to Mohammedan customs, etc. At times this was winked at. Thus in the latter part of the reign of Charles ^' the Jloriscoes were left in peace ; Philip II ex- pressly commanded the Inquisition to show great mild- ness and toleration towards them, and even a papal bull was promulgated to that effect. But when, during…
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Moph. See Memphis. Mopinot, SiJiox, a learned French ecclesiastic, was born at Rheims in 1685 ; took the vows of a Benedictine in 1703 at the monastery of St. Farom, where he had been educated, and largely devoted himself to literary labors. After having assisted Didier in his edition of Tertullian, he was summoned to…
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MORAL LAW 568 MORAL LAW mit to them or not ; for it would be the height of ab- j surdity to make his puny rebellion or insolent disregard operate their abrogation. The penalty may be sus- pended at the divine pleasure, but it is sure in the end to overtake every transgressor with a complete vuidi- cation. 2. Its Ex…
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lUENCK. (2.) The effects of transgression are not ahcays confined to the indiridmd offender. — This is evidently true of the violation of physical laws, for the chiltlren, friends, and neighbors of the person erring are frequently involved in calamity consequent ujion his blunders. How often does a mistake or a carele…
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ser\'ance of these twofold claims. It is the faculty of con- science, sitting as a viceroy of heaven and a representa- tive of earth within his breast, urging the rights of all outside himself, that constitutes him an accountable be- ing; and though this interior light may become dim through the mists of passion and th…
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3. Duties to one's Felloio-leinffs. — These spring imme- diately out of the above relation of the common father- hood of (iod, and they can never be successfully met ex- cept by bearing this thought constantly in niin<l. Self- ishness, the most common and baleful besetment of every association of life, is most effectua…
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(1.) The harmonious development of all one's native faculties. — The gift of reason, and still more of a moral faculty, carries with it the obligation to exercise and improve it ; we owe this no less as a debt of gratitude to the Giver than as a means of extracting the full value for ourselves. I lence, -ivhile a sense…
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Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.