PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 6
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,371,720 words · 1335 reading sections
Section 1201
he says that on the isthmus which binds the peninsula to the mainland, "on trouve les mines de I'ancienne Neapo- lis ou celles d'nu chateau reconstruit daus le moyen age." It appears that a mediaeval or Venetian fortress existed there; but, as far as is yet ascertained, nothing else has been discovered which points to …
927 wordsSECTION 1202Section 1202
The name Neapolis likewise occurs as that of two cities in Palestine. a. Iu the form Xablus, it has survived as the name NEARIAII 892 KEBAIOTH given during the Roman age to the ancient city of IShechem. Tlie change appears to have taken place during the reign of A'espasian, as upon the coins of that reign we first…
956 wordsSECTION 1203Section 1203
From the works of Arab authors M. Qnatrcmiire (Me- moire sur les Xabateenx, Paris, 1S35, leprintert from the Xouveau Joiirn. Asiat. Jan. -March, 1S36) proved the ex- istence of a nation called yabat or yabit, pi. Anbiit {Sihuh and Kdmfig), reputed to he of ancient origin, of whom scattered remnants existed in Arab time…
1,162 wordsSECTION 1204Section 1204
Although (^uatremere recovered the broad outlines of the religion and language of the Nabat, a more extended knowledge of these points hangs mainly on the genuine- ness or spuriousness of the work of Kuthami. If M. Chwolson's theory be correct, that people present to us one of the most ancient forms of idolatry; and by…
929 wordsSECTION 1205Section 1205
Prom most of these and other considerations we think there is no reasonable doubt that the Nabathasans of Ara- bia Petrsea were the same pc.,|,le as the Nabat nf Chul- diea; though at wll;\t anriml epocli Wir \\r-[rv\i M'tlle- ment was formed remain- iinkiiuwu. 'I'liat ii was wn o{ any importance until at'ier the capti…
1,168 wordsSECTION 1206Section 1206
and power. They gradually advanced in civilization and commercial enterprise, until nearly the whole traffic of Western Asia was in their hands (Uiod. Sic. ii, 48-50 ; iii, 42-43). From their capital, Petra, caravan roads radi- ated in all directions— eastward to the Persian (iulf and Mesopotamia; northward to Pera?a, …
1,004 wordsSECTION 1207Section 1207
In the course of the ith century this region came to be included under the general name of " Palestine," and was called Palcesdiia Tertia, or Salutaris. It became the diocese of a metropolitan, whose seat was at Petra, and who was afterwards placed under the patriarch of Jerusalem. With the Mohammedan conquest in the 7…
911 wordsSECTION 1208Section 1208
1. (Sept. Na/3w, v. r. 'Sn(3av and [in Isa.] even Aaywv ; Vulg. N'abo.) The title of a Chaldajan idol or god which occurs both in Isaiah (xlvi, 1) and Jeremiah (xlviii, 1), being the name of a well-known deity of the Babylonians and Assyrians. The original native name was, in Hamitic Babylonian, Nabiu ; in Shemitic Bab…
1,016 wordsSECTION 1209Section 1209
1. Seetzen (ISIarch 17,1806; TJme, i, 408) seems to have been the first to suggest the Jebcl .Xttariis (be- tween theAVady Zerka-main and the Arnon, three miles below the former, and ten or twelve south of Heshbon) as the Nebo of Moses. In this he is followed (though probably without any communication) by Burckhardt (J…
917 wordsSECTION 1210Section 1210
4. (Sept. Naf3oD v. r. Na/3a) ; in Xeh. ^aftiaa v. r. brated in the time of the Crusades as the site of Castel- lum Arnuldi, built by the patriarch of Jerusalem to de- fend the road to the holy city (Will. Tyr. xiv, 8). It was afterwards visited by Richard of England in A.D. 1192 (Robinson, Bib. Res. ii, 254; Porter, …
1,291 wordsSECTION 1211Section 1211
^\'it]lin a few years after Nebuchadnezzar's first ex- pedition into Syria and Palestine, disaflfection again showed itself in those countries. Jehoiakim — who, al- though tlireatened at first with captivity (2 Chron. xxxvi, C), liad been finally maintained on the throne as a Babylonian vassal — after three years of se…
975 wordsSECTION 1212Section 1212
NEBUCHADNEZZAR S{ to imitate the varied surface of mountains, and planted ^vith trees and shrubs of every kind. Diodorus, prob- ably following Ctesias, describes this marvel as a square, four pkt/ira (four hundred feet) each way, and lifty cubits (seventy-live feet) high, approached by sloping paths, and sui^ported on…
985 wordsSECTION 1213Section 1213
3. Towards the close of his reign the glory of Nebu- chadnezzar suffered a temporary eclipse. As a punish- ment for his pride and vanity, that strange form of madness was sent upon him which the Greeks called lycanthropy (KvKav^ptDTria) ; wherein the sufferer im- agines himself a beast, and, quitting the haunts of men,…
942 wordsSECTION 1214Section 1214
The idea of an allegory has been revived in modern times, especially by Dc Wette {Kinkilinir/, p. 257^, who considers the accounts in Daniel too improbable, if liter- ally understood, although he admits that they may have been founded on historical traditions. lie considers the whole of the narrative in Daniel as refer…
904 wordsSECTION 1215Section 1215
NEBUCHADNEZZAR 901 NEBUCHADNEZZAR fertility of Babylonia, and its ample wealth of waters, the foundation of national prosperity, and so of power. Hence his vast canals and elaborate system of irrigation, which made the whole country a garden ; and this must have been a main cause of the full treasury, from which alo…
1,368 wordsSECTION 1216Section 1216
According to Ptolemy's Canon, the reign of Naboco- lassar is made to commence two years later than that of the Nebuchadnezzar of Scripture. Probably the first capture of Jerusalem (Dan. i, I) took place during the last years of the reign of Nabopolassar, in the expedi- tion mentioned by ISerosus (ut sup,), hut the Cano…
912 wordsSECTION 1217Section 1217
NEZZAU (4. v.). Nebushas'bau (lleb. Nebushazban' , lari^a? [written in the text with a small final n, for which some copies have, perhaps by error, as], from Nebo, and Persian chesbun, " votary," i. e. adorer of Nebo ; Sept. omits, but some copies \\Vi\e.^a\ioi<(jiZ,^uvm'Sa(ii)vaap- (TtXxi^i ; Vulg. Nubusezban), the K…
1,229 wordsSECTION 1218Section 1218
Necessitarians, an appellation which may be given to all who maintain that moral agents act from necessity. See the article Nkcessity. Some object not only to the name, but to the dispute on a subject so perplexing as the explanation of the most consistent mode of divine government, and insist that the theme should be …
951 wordsSECTION 1219Section 1219
The consciousness of mankind in general, the Chris- tian consciousness especially, has always asserted the fact of freedom, even in comiection often with theories that have been called theories of necessity. The free- dom of the will was strongly and almost universally afhrmed, with little or no qualification or psycho…
1,155 wordsSECTION 1220Section 1220
NECESSITY 905 NECESSITY there is any holy activity, the motion or determination of the will from the very beginning is conditioned upon the grace of God working in the soul in some wonderful hidden way ("interna et occulta, mirabili ac ineffabili potestate'") to produce voluntary action in holiness. Tliis is the tru…
707 wordsSECTION 1221Section 1221
ciding for one's self according to known law, belongs to the essence of the human spirit ;" but in place of the natural operation of the spirit upon or through the body, and of the occasionalism of Des Cartes's disciples, Leibnitz substituted the theory of pre-established harmony, " that God, at the beginning, so creat…
748 wordsSECTION 1222Section 1222
In England as on the Continent the impulse accom- panying the Keformatiou occasioned a freer and more prolific discussion of tlie freedom of the will among other tlieological and pliilosophical topics. In the em- pirical method of Bacon, and its decided direction of the j attention to physical sciences, we have a line …
1,240 wordsSECTION 1223Section 1223
IH. Ohjitiiitiis to this Theory. — The anti-necessitarians notwitli>iaiiding allege that the doctrine of necessity, in the light of these various interpretations of Calvinistic theologians, "charges God as the author of sin; that it takes away the freedom of the will; renders man unac- countable to his Maker; makes sin…
922 wordsSECTION 1224Section 1224
by the Divine Being; that whatever has been, must have been ; and that whatever will be, must be ; that all events are preordained by infinite wisdom and un- limited goodness ; that the will, in all its determinations, is governed by the state of mind; that the state of mind is in every instance determined by the Deity…
1,377 wordsSECTION 1225Section 1225
(apparently having summoned him to Riblah), and car- ried him a prisoner to Jerusalem. On arriving there, Necho made Eliakini, the eldest son, king, changing his name to Jehoiakim ; and taking the silver and gold which had been levied upon the Jewish nation, he re- turned to Egypt with the captive Jehoahaz, who there d…
1,152 wordsSECTION 1226Section 1226
Aucient Egyptian treading the Conquered under Feet. sion in the East for triumphing over a fallen foe. In the numerous battle-scenes depicted on the monuments of ancient Egypt and Assyria, we see the monarchs fre- quently represented treading on the necks of their ene- mies; and a similar practice obtained among the H…
962 wordsSECTION 1227Section 1227
Necker, Madame, nee Susannah Cukciiod, a noted French philanthropist, was born in 1739, in the mountain village of (Irassy, situated between the Pays de Yaud and Franche-Comte. Her father, a pastor of the Swiss Church, was a man of considerable talents; her mother was descended from an ancient family of I'rovence, who …
1,025 wordsSECTION 1228Section 1228
necklace, reaching to the girdle, and composed of dia- monds or other precious stones, which is called lihldt/i. Some women form a long necklace of this kind with Venetian sequins, or Turkish or Egyptian gold coins (Lane, Modern Egyptians, ii, 405). The Arab females of Palestine at the present day are especially given …
855 wordsSECTION 1229Section 1229
171) had also found an entrance among the Israelites, especially when idolaters were on the throne (2 Kings xxi, 6; 2 Chron. xxxiii, C; Isa. viii, 19; xxix, 4; comp. xix, 3, where the Egyptian enchantments are mentioned). In the Law the consultation of these men was forbidden as a heathen superstition (Lev. xix, 31), a…
1,076 wordsSECTION 1230Section 1230
In this connection we may notice that consorting or living with the dead has been observed as a character- istic of diseased melancholy. Individuals have inhabit- ed gravej-ards, preferring the proximity and association of corpses with which they had no tie to the cheerful- ness and comforts of home ; and there is reco…
1,006 wordsSECTION 1231Section 1231
NECTARIUS 914 NEEDHAM which the emperor bore to Nectarius. It was decreed that as Constantinople was Xew Rome, the bishop should he next in dignity to the bishop of liome, and hold the first place among the Kastern prelates. Tiiis, which at first was a mere mark of dignity, became a source of substantial power, embr…
1,097 wordsSECTION 1232Section 1232
Necusia (viKvcrta), a name for the offerings among the ancient (irecks and Romans on the anniversary of the day of the death of a relative. According to some the Necusia were the same with the Genesia. Nedabi'ah (Heb. Nedahyuh', Sl^^^D, moved of Jehovah ; Sept. T^afiaciaQ v. r. Af J't^tt ; Vulg. Nadabia), the eighth a…
1,147 wordsSECTION 1233Section 1233
Embioideied Die^s of Sardaiiapalus III (Prom the As- syuan Sculptuies m the British Muteuin.) volves the idea of invention, or designing patterns; rik- mah, the idea oftexfui-e as well as variegated color. The former is applied to other arts which demanded the ex- ercise of inventive genius, as in the construction of …
972 wordsSECTION 1234Section 1234
Neefs, Petici:, called the Old, an eminent Flemish painter ^vho mostly confined himself to the cultivation of ecclesiastical art, was born at Antwerp in 1570. He was a disciple of the elder Henry Steenwyck, whose manner he closely imitated. He painted views of churches and convents, especially interiors, preferring th…
1,292 wordsSECTION 1235Section 1235
Negai'm. See Talmud. Negation is in philosophical parlance the absence of that which does not naturally belong to the thing we are speaking of, or which has no right, obligation, or necessity to be present with ; as when we say a stone is inanimate or blind or deaf, i. e. has no life, sight, or hear- ing (Watts, Logic…
904 wordsSECTION 1236Section 1236
Neg'inah, properly Neginath (rS'^S, neginath'), occurs in the title of Psa. Ixi, "to the chief musician upon Neginah." If the present reading be correct, the form of the word may be compared with that of Maha- lath (Psa. liii). But the Sept. {iv i'^roif) and Vulg. {in hyinnis) evidently read " Neginotli" in the plural,…
1,249 wordsSECTION 1237Section 1237
NEGRI 919 NEGRILLOS vita e delle opere di Franc. Negri, aposfafa Bassanese del secolo xvi (Bassano, 1839, 4to) ; Dizionario istorico (ed. De Bassano) ; Brunet, Manuel du Lihraire (Index) ; Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Gen. xxvii, 618, 619. (J. H. AV.) Negri, Girolamo, an Italian humanist, was born at Venice in 1494, After h…
1,060 wordsSECTION 1238Section 1238
Negritos of Luzon. NEGRILLOS '920 NEGRO arc despised and hated; and the buffalo-hunters in the woods, when they meet with them, do not scruple to shoot them down like wild beasts or game. "It has not come to my knowledge," says Mallat, '• that a fam- ily of these Negroes ever took up their abode in a vil- lage. If …
810 wordsSECTION 1239Section 1239
The Negritos have no religion, and adore no star. It appears, however, that they have transmitted to the Sanguianes (a brown race inhabiting the neighborhood), or have learned from the latter, the practice of worship- ping for a day a rock or the trunk of a tree in which they tind a resemblance to some animal or other.…
1,393 wordsSECTION 1240Section 1240
the forearm in the Negro, a circumstance also dwelt upon as showing an approach to the anthropoid apes, facts are altogether against the statement ; there being no greater difference than is observable in individuals of any other variety of mankind. His height is seldom six feet, and rarely below five and a half; and a…
1,124 wordsSECTION 1241Section 1241
The religion of the Negroes is but a debased fetich worship [see Feticiiism], except where JMohammedan- ism has made them acquainted with an ethical religion. Those who have not accepted the teachings of the Koran (t\. v.) make fetiches of serpents, elephants' teeth, tigers' claws, and other parts of animals, at the di…
913 wordsSECTION 1242Section 1242
The father of English ethnology, Dr. Prichard, thought that the original pair must have been Negroes, and that mankind descended from tliem. His words are: '"It must be concluded that the process of nature in the human species is the transmutation of the char- acters of the Negro into those of the European, or the evol…
933 wordsSECTION 1243Section 1243
Nehemi'ah (Heb. Kechemyah', iT^^n?) comforted by Jehovah ; Sept. titfj.iiaQ v. r. Nf fyui'o ; Josephus, Nt- f/ii'rtC, Ant. xi, 5, 6), the name of three men. 1. The second named of the "children of the prov- ince," who had been carried away by Nebuchadnezzar, and lived to return with Zerubbabel to Judsea (Ezra ii, 2 ; …
1,270 wordsSECTION 1244Section 1244
nent among the benefactors of the Jewish people — alike patriotic and zealous, though not uniform in character, or the same in operation. h\ the character of Ezra we find no indication of the self-complacency which forms a marked feature in that of Nehemiah. The former, in accordance with his priestly calling, labored …
1,043 wordsSECTION 1245Section 1245
While the book as a whole is considered to have come from Nehemiah, it consists in part of compilation. He doubtless wrote the greater part himself, but some por- tions he evidently took from other works. It is allowed by all that he is, in the strictest sense, the author of the narrative from ch. i to ch. vii, 5 (Hiiv…
1,032 wordsSECTION 1246Section 1246
The mention of Jaddua as a high-priest (ch. xii, 11, 22) has occasioned much perplexity. This Jaddua ap- pears to have been in office in B.C. 332, when Alex- ander the Great came to Jerusalem (Joseph. A nt. xi, 8) ; how then could he be named by Nehemiah? Some (e. g. Yitringa, Eambach) suppose the 10th and 11th verses …
905 wordsSECTION 1247Section 1247
high-priesthood to the close of the Persian empire on the other. The view given of the rise of two factions among the Jews — the one the strict religious party, ad- hering with uncompromising faithfulness to the Mosaic institutions, headed by Nehemiah; the other, the gen- tilizing party, ever imitating heathen customs,…
954 wordsSECTION 1248Section 1248
5. In respect to language and style, this book is very similar to the Chronicles of Ezra. Nehemiah has, it is true, quite his own manner, and, as De Wette has ob- served, certain phrases and modes of expression peculiar to himself. He has also some few words and forms not found elsewhere in Scripture; but the general H…
1,158 wordsSECTION 1249Section 1249
NEHTTVI 928 NEIEL Kings i, 40), so that Nehiloth is the general term for perforated wind-instruments of all kinds, as Neginoth denotes all manner of stringed instruments. The title of Psa. V is therefore addressed to the conductor of the Temple choir who i)layed upon flutes and the like, and these are directly allud…
1,212 wordsSECTION 1250Section 1250
Ne'i'el [many Nc'iel'\ (Heb. Ne'icl', bx"^"?, dwelling- place of "God; Sept. 'SaiijX v. r. 'Ai'i/},\, 'I»'<((;\; Vulg. Xehiel), a town in the territory of Asher, near the south- ern or south-eastern border (Josh, xix, 27). Eusebius and Jerome (who call it the " village Bwtoanmi," Bairn- avau'i) place it in the mountain…
1,037 wordsSECTION 1251Section 1251
Neill, Hugh, an American divine of the colonial period, came to this country about the opening of the last century, and labored in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. In the mother country he w^as a Nonconformist, and labored for years as Presbyterian minister both in England and in New Jersey, where he greatly distin- guishe…
1,197 wordsSECTION 1252Section 1252
also Muth, the universal mother and queen of heaven. Neith wears the red crown of Lower Egypt, indicating the proper seat of her worship; but her monuments are found in the upper region also. By reversing her hiero- glyphic signs NT (i. e. by reading them in the European instead of the Asiatic manner), may have been fo…
1,378 wordsSECTION 1253Section 1253
to the one composed by the abbe de Boismont : — Belr/ica- rum 1-erum Prodromus, sive de historia Belgica ejusque sa-iptoribus prcecipuis commentatio (Parma, 1795, 8vo). M. de Reiffenberg paid it the greatest eulogy in his edi- tion of the Chronique rimee de Philippe Mouskes: — UA veugle de la Montague, ou entreiiens ph…
1,068 wordsSECTION 1254Section 1254
Nelson, John ( 1 ), an eminent Methodist lay preach- er, was one of the ablest of the assistants of the Wesleys in their evangelical movement in the last century. He is generally acknowledged the chief founder of Method- ism in Yorkshire, a portion of England in which it has had signal success down to our ilay. Nelson …
1,097 wordsSECTION 1255Section 1255
NELSON 9 J have.' The hona^man was not dismissed, nor again asked to -work on Sundaj^, nor were any of his fellow- Avorkmen." Immediately after his conversion he wrote to his wife, who was in the country, and to all his kin- dred, explaining his new method of life, and exhorting them to adopt it. Soon after he went to…
908 wordsSECTION 1256Section 1256
Nelson, Joseph, LL.D., an American educator, was born about 1794, and was educated at Rutgers Col- lege, New Brunswick, N. J., class of 1815. He was made professor of languages in 1826, but resigned this position in 1829. He was a distinguished classical scholar and teacher. During his professorship in Rutgers College …
1,026 wordsSECTION 1257Section 1257
Nelson, Stephen Smith, an American Baptist minister, was born in Jliddleboroiigh, Jlass., Oct. 5, 1772, graduated at Brown University in 1794, and was licensed to preach in 179(!. After supi)lying the Church at Hartford for two years, he was ordained pastor there in 1798, occasionally preaching in the neighborhood, par…
1,032 wordsSECTION 1258Section 1258
Nemesius, an ancient Christian philosopher of the Greek Church, noted as the author of a work enti- tled Yiipi (pi'OdjjQ di'^pu)TTov, was, according to the title of the work, bishop of Emisa or Emesa, in Phoenicia, and he is also mentioned as such by Anastasius Nicenus {Qucest.iii S. Script. a\). Bibliuth. Pat rum, vi,…
979 wordsSECTION 1259Section 1259
Nemine Coutradicente, or Nem. Con., is a term used in ecclesiastical councils to indicate that there is no opposition to a given measure proposed. Nemine Dissentiente, or Nem. Diss., " No one dissenting." This term also is very often found in jour- nals of conventions, and other documents containing business proceedin…
918 wordsSECTION 1260Section 1260
NeocSri (vnoKopoi, temple -su'eepers) is the title which the olHcers bore who were attached to the pagan ! temples in ancient Greece. Their office was originally to sweep the temple, and perform other menial services connected with it. In course of time these duties were intrusted to slaves, and the Xeocori came to oc…
964 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
Project Gutenberg source record →
Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.