PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 6
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,371,720 words · 1335 reading sections
Section 781
but to Ao justly, and to love mercy, and to walk humbly with thy God ?" (Mic. vi, 8). In our lapsed estate, to regain the lofty completeness we must trace our way back by the same steps ; for penitence is the fit condi- tion to our restoration to moral rectitude through divine clemency and fdelity (1 John i, 9). Liter…
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ably or painfully) affected by it. Only tbe latter part oftliis definition is accurate; lor the apprehension of the agreement or contrariety between the given subjects of thought (the act, purpose, etc.) is a purely intellect- ual exercise of the judgment, comparing the thing con- templated or reviewed with some previo…
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Literature. — Abercrombie, J'hilos. of the Moral Feel- ings; Brown, Lect. on the Mind; Butler, .1 mdo'jy of Re- lif/ion and Nature; Hutchcson, Inquiry into Jiian/t/ and Virtue; and his K^xai/ on the I'assions ; Necker, On Re- lif/ious Opinions; AVitherspoon, />«V«rt'.<, Lect. iv ; Ben- tiiam, Morah and Lec/islalion ; S…
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1. Apostolic Period. — As regards the extent of apos- tolic ethics, it encompasses pretty much all departments of life, and the duties and virtues corresponding with them. Yet in this province such are made partic- ularly consjjicuous and praiseworthy as are natural to the spirit of Christianity. For while all antiquit…
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"2. Patristic Period. — We now reach the period in M-hich -we deal with the writings of the fathers of the Cluirch. The series opens with Justin JIartyr (q. v.), '• the evangelist wearing the mantle of a philosopher." It was his mind, trained by ancient ethical philosophy, which placed in the ground of Christian ethics…
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MORAL THEOLOGY 575 MORAL THEOLOGY unnatural severity ; the moral advice of the Gospel was made a command, and extended to all Christians. "With this theory, if it had prevailed, Christian principle would have failed of its mundane victory, and must have ulti- mately perished. In the use, then, of Tertullian's moral-…
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MORAL THEOLOGY 676 MORAL THEOLOGY tioned above, the following are especially worthy of note : Enchiridion ad Laurentium s. de fide, spe et ca- ritnte; JJe fide et operibus ; De vita beata ; Be agone Christiano ; De mendacio ; De bono conjuf)ali ; De sancta viryinilale ; De continerida; De patient ia. Sec, how- ever,…
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MORAL THEOLOGY 577 MORAL THEOLOGY cundoR ; j'et there seems to be little ground for this sup- position, and Vincence should be counted here as a writer of merit. Gerson also deserves mention here for his valuable contributions to scholastic morals (as contained in vol. iii of the Antwerp edition of his works). Myst…
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Among the writers of the Roman Catholic Chiu-ch who have stood aloof in a great measure from the casu- ists, as well as the reformers led by Pascal, the first place in this period belongs to bishop Louis Abelly (f 1691), whose Medulla Theologica has passed through several editions (last, Regensb. 1839). A favorite text…
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8 MORALITY Morales, Juan Bautista, a Spanish moralist, was born at Montella, Andalusia, and flourished in the first half of the 17th century. Scarcely anything 13 known of liis personal history. He is, however, noted as the author of Jardin de Suertes morales y civitas (Seville, 1616, 16mo). See Antonio, Bibliotheca I…
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had not its binding virtue in respect of God himself, who has always the full and unrestrained liberty of his cwn essence that it cannot bind itself" (Liffht of Nat- ure). Hence a knowledge of good and evil, some sense of responsibility to God, and some capacity for practical virtue, may be possessed even by persons no…
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Baumgarten defines duties to be actions which one is bound to perform, and Christian August Crusius coiiir cides with this opinion when he defines duty as the ap- plication of the principles of morality to individual cases, and with Opitz, who calls it the inward knowledge of what one must do or abstain from doing in o…
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Mo'rasthite (Heb. Morashti', ^PuJ'nitt, gentile from Moreshelh; Sept. Miopa^irijg, Mwpcia^ii), a na- tive of ]Mout;suETii-GATH (Jer. xxvi, 18; Mic. i, 1). See ]\IiCAii. Morata, Olympia Fulvia, an Italian lady of great genius and learning, noted for her piety and faithful service to Italian Protestantism, and spoken of…
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MORAVIA 581 MORAVIAN BRETHREN " Pattr Nosfer"), and shortly after he published a book taking ground favorable to the Reformed opinions (see Calcagiiini, Ojjera, p. 156). He was on tliis account obliged to leave Ferrara in 1533, and only after a six- years' stay abroad secured permission to return. He died in 1548. S…
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Moravian Brethren, the designation of a body of Christians, will be considered under two heads. 1. The Ancient Moravian Brethren, or, more properly, " The Bohemian Brethren," an evangelical Church which flourished before the Reformation of the 16th century, and which was overthrown in the begin- ning of the Thirty- Ye…
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tions occurred (1408 and 1508). The Koman Catholics and the national Church united in a bloody determina- tion to root out the Brethren from the land. Imprison- ment, confiscation, tortures, and death were the means employed. IMany of the Brethren suffered martyrdom. But their blood was the seed of the Church. In both …
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divine hoped and prayed for the resuscitation of the Unitas Fratrum. To this end he published its history and a new catechism, republished the Ratio Bisciplinas, which had been adopted in 1616, and which was an offi- cial account of its constitution and discipline, and cared for the perpetuation of the episcopacy. Afte…
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III. Schools and Literary A ctivity. — The Brethren de- voted themselves to education. Their earliest schools were found in the parsonages of the priests. IMany of these, instead of families, had classes of young acolytes living with them, whom they trained for the ministry. Next were instituted parochial schools, in w…
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IV. Doctrines. — For an exposition of the cardinal views of the Christian faith, as taught by the Brethren, the reader is referred to the works cited below. These doctrines agreed, in the main, with those of the Re- formers, (iindely (R. C). Zezschwitz (Luth.), and some other writers, try to show that the Unitas Fra- t…
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2. The Renewed Moravian Brethken, so called because they form the resuscitated Church of the An- cient Moravian Brethren (see No. 1, above). They are commonly known as " The Moravians," and " The JMo- ravian Church," inasmuch as they originally came from Moravia. Their official title is " The United Breth- ren," or Uni…
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less spirit and a beautiful brotherhood. This constituted Zinzendorf 's ideal, which was crowned with wonderful success. At the time of Zinzendorf 's death (17G0), the Breth- ren were established in most of the Protestant states of Germany, in Holland, (ireat Britain, and North Amer- ica, and after his decease they sp…
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HI. T/ie American Moravian Church. — The Mora- vians settled in Georgia in 1735, but left that colony in 17-10, on account of the war which had broken out with Spain. In the following year they founded Bethlehem, and subsequently Nazareth, in Pennsylvania. These towns, together with several smaller settlements, not onl…
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"4. The doctrine of the atonement and satisfaction of Jesus Christ for us: that he 'was delivered for our of- fences, and was raised again for our justification;' and' MORAVIAN BRETHREN 588 MORAVIAN BRETHREN that in his merits alone we find forgiveness of sins and peace with God. "5. The doctrine of the Holy Ghost, …
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VII. Schools and Missions.— The Jloraviaiis have 48 flourishing boarding-schools : 28 in the German Prov- ince, 15 in the British, and o in the American. They are intended for young people not connected with the Church, and educate annually about "ioOO pupils of both sexes. The schools in the American Province are the …
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IX. Publications and Literature. — Periodicals of the German Province: Ilerrnhut (weekly); Der Briider- Bote (every alternate month) ; Nachrichten aus der Brii- dergemeine (monthl}-) ; Journal de V Unite des Fr'ei-es (monthly); Berigten uit de Heiden-Wereld (monthly); Missionshlatt (monthlj') ; BrUdermissionsblatt fii…
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1. One of the principal Israelites who returned from Babylon with Zerubbabel (Ezra ii, 2 ; Neh. vii, 7). B.C. 53(5. He was perliaps identical with the following. 2. Tlic son of Jair, of the tribe of Benjamin, and of the lineage of king Saul; apparently one of the captives transported to Babylon witli Jehoiachin (Esth.…
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MORDECAI 591 MORDECAI ■ 5, G. Most interpreters, indeed, have understood this passage as stating that IMordecai himself was taken captive with Jehoiachin. But that any one who liad been taken captive by Nebuchadnezzar in the eighth year of liis reign should be vizier after the twelfth year of any Persian king among …
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3. As regards his place in rahhinical estimation, Mor- decai, as is natural, stands verj' high. The interpola- tions in the Greek book of Esther are one indication of his popularity with his countrymen. The Targum (of late date) shows that this increased rather than dimin- MORDECAI 592 MORE ishefl with the lapse of…
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Mordvins is the name of a people inhabiting East- ern Kussia. They form a subdivision of the liulgaric or Volgaic family of the Finnic branch of the Suranian, Uralo- Altaic, or Alongolian races, and are related to the Tcheremisscs and Tchuvashes. Their number has been estimated at 400,000, and their territoiy lies ))ri…
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More, Hannah, one of the most brilliant femaLe ornaments of Christian literature, was born at the village of Stapleton, in Gloucestershire, Feb. 2, 1745, and was the daughter of a clergyman of the Church of England, a man eminent for his classical attainments, and at that time employed as a village schoolmaster in char…
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Ilauuah Murc's Cutt;u coarse, brutal, ferocious, utterly neglected by their clergy, without any means of education or hopes of improvement" (Perry). Determined to elevate these downtrodden and forlorn people, the tliree sisters at- tempted the appalling task of alleviating all suffering and of educating the laboring c…
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and undoubted duties thereof is, to the truly regener- ate soul, a far greater pleasure than all the fine specula- tions imaginable." It was life, not notions, which he chiefly valued ; and he preferred " a single-heartedness of temper beyond any theories." He had no ambition to play the part of a leader in society, an…
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More began authorship in 1640 by the publication of his Psijchozoid, or the First Part of the Am//// nf iIh Soul, contaiiiin;! a Ciiri.'<tiiiiio-Ptatomral Jfi-yt/m/ ';//;/' (reprinted in 1047, and, together witli some .nidiiiiinal pieces, jtublished under ilie title o{ Philosophical Puons). It was a most singular effor…
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MORE 597 MORE testimony from reason and Scripture, demonstrated the truth and necessity of both Christ within and Christ without." It would appear that he did not altogether relish the phrase "imputative righteousness," yet his views on justification did not really differ from those of other divines of the period ; …
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Though More's strength was displayed rather in what he could elaborate by thought than in the immediate use of his reading, he was nevertheless a laborious stu- dent. He devoted himself to the study of the best au- thors only. " He was wont to say that he was no whole- sale man." It was with the weightiest matters that…
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I edness of the divine life." It is truly said by TuUoch ' that, "while More was no hero, eitlier in thought or in } deed — his speculations were too transcendental and his life too retired for this — he yet comes before us a singu- larly beautiful, benign, and noble character — one of those higher spirits who help us …
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Thomas More." In 1497 More went to Oxford. He had rooms in St. Mary's Hall, but carried on his studies at Canterbury Collej^e (afterwards Christ Church). Here he became intimately acquainted with Erasmus, who resided there during the greater part of 1497 and 1498, and formed a friendship which continued during life. It…
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on foreign missions. Thus, in 1514, he was sent to Flanders, to secure favors from the prince afterwards known as emperor Charles V. More was also employed by his king on various public missions to France, and so interested did Henry VIII become in More that he ordered cardinal Wolsey, then his chancellor, to engage Mo…
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thing to the prejudice of Henry's lawful marriage with queen Anne, and also for refusing to admit the king's ecclesiastical supremacy; and although the evidence against him completely failed, he was found guilty and condemned to death. He was beheaded July 0, 1535, and met his fate with intrepidity and even clieerfidne…
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Morea. See Greece, Kingdom of. Moreau, Gabriel Francois, a French prelate, was born at Paris Sept. 24, 1721. Descended from a lawyer's family, he became council scribe in the Parlia- ment of Paris, and was in 1737 provided with a sine- cure canonship in the metropolitan church, but rapidly rose to distinction, and in …
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strong city of Bethshan on the east, for we are told that "the Midianites and the Amalekites, and all the chil- dren of the east, lay along the valley like grasshoppers for multitude" (ver. 12). The mountain is the site not only of Shunem, but also of Endor and Nain (see Por- ter, Hand-book, p. 357 s(p). Whether this p…
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Morel, Jean, a French martyr to the cause of Protestant Christianity in its earliest davs in France, Kcid and Kilkn, Hist. Presbyt. Ch. in Ireland, iii, 370. Morell, Thomas, D.D., an eminent English critic and k'xic(igrai)her, was born at Eton in 1703. He stud- ied first at Eton, then at Cambridge, where he became a …
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Morelstshiki (i. e. self-immolators), also called the ^^ Voluntary Martyrs," a Russian sect of fanatics, whose wild and savage practices are more like those of ancient Scandinavians than of professing Christians of the 10th century. It is difficult to know what are the dogmas of these voluntary martyrs, because they ha…
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sides the two principal works mentioned, two other pub- lications are ascribed to him, viz. Verborum Latinorum cum Gracis A nglicisrpie conjunctorvvi locupletissimi Com- mentarii (1583), and De Kcclesia ah aniichiisto per ejus excvlium liberunda (Lond. 158'.)); the latter was dedi- cated to queen Elizabeth, and transla…
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Mor'esheth-gath {Uah.More'sheth-Gath, T^tTi^-Q rS, possession of Gath ; Sept. K\r]povoi.ila TkSi., Vulg. hcereditas Geth), a town of Palestine (perhaps so named from its vicinity to Gath), where the prophet Micah appears to have been born or to have resided (]\Iic. i, 14), who was hence called a Morasthite (Mic. i, 1 ;…
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MORGAN 606 MORGAN effective relation. During 1871, while supplying the Church at North Blaudfonl, his health failed, and he removed his residence to Williamsburgh, Mass., where he died, June 10, 1872. "Morgan was a man of strong, clear mind. ... He was a decided man — uncompromis- ing in hostility to the powers of d…
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Morgan, Morgan, a prominent lay-worker of the early days of the Protestant Episcopal Church, was a native of Wales, but had come to this country while yet a youth, and settled in Pennsylvania. In 1726 he re- moved to the south of the Potomac, in Virginia, and there built in 1740 the first Episcopal church, now known as…
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Morgan, Thomas (1), a Scotch Presbyterian di- vine of the Unitarian cast, who flourished near and after the opening of this century as pastor of a congregation in London, is noted, in conjunction with some others of his persuasion, as the editor of a mutilated edition of Dr. Watts's psalms and hymns, which, from being …
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Morgan, Williain, a learned British prelate, was born at Gwibernant, in Carnarvonshire, Wales, in the second half of the 16th century, and was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge. We know but little of his progress in the Church, but we find that in 1595 he was elevated to the episcopate of Llandaff, and in IGOl …
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Morgians, a Mohammedan sect, hold that faith without good \v(irUs is siifiicicnt to salvation, (iazali, .a Moliamnu'd.'ui doctor, tells us that the ^Morgians ex- pect that (Jod will work everything in tliem, and af- firm that sin does not hurt Iwlicvers; works without faith signifying nothing. Shabi, anollier Mohamme- …
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Before considering the geographical and other diffi- culties in the way of this identification, it is desirable to investigate the derivation of the word tl'^lii. Various etymologies supplied by Jews all proceed on the suppo- sition of the identity of the Moriah of Genesis with that on which the Temple was built. The o…
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to see from the ridge Mar Elias the heights about Je- rusalem, if not the hill of Moriah itself; and we are ex- pressly told that Abraham did not see the place until he was fairly within a walk of the spot, and could leave the young men and the ass while he and Isaac proceed- ed, personally laden with the materials for…
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Morier, James, noted as the author of a series of novels descriptive of Eastern life and manners, and also for his accurate observations of the East as recorded in his books of travel, was born in England in 1780. When still very young he made an extensive tour through the East, the main incidents of which he described…
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MORIN 612 MORIN Snmariiano (printed with Van Dale's De oriyine et pro- rjressu idolatna, Amst. 1696, 4to) -.—Lettre siir Voritjine de la langue Ilebruique, with an answer of Huetius; printed in vol. i of JHssertatkms sur diverses matiires de Relir/ion et de Philobxjie recueillis par Tilladet (Paris, 1712, 12mo). In …
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I Morin, Pierre, a French scholar, was born at Par- is in Dcccnibcr. \W.\\. He was a man of great attain- I ments in languages, belles-lettres, and ecclesiastic an- 1 ti(piity. From France passing into Italy, he stopped ! at Venice, where Paulus ^lanucius secured him for his ])rinting estal)lishmont. He lectured as pro…
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Reformation in all Countries (1843, and often) : — Protes- tantism in Great Britain: — The Fathers and Founders of the Lond. Miss. Soc. (1844, 8vo, and often) : — Christi- anity in its Poioer (1847, fcp. 8vo), a work which received the unqualified commendation of the English press and the Church. Said one : " The frien…
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Mori, Gustav Philipp, a German theologian, was bom at Nuremberg Dec 20, 1673, and was educated first in the schools of his native place and then at the uni- versity in Altdorf. where he studied philosophy and philology from 1690 to 1692, when he was removed to Jena lo study theology and the ancient languages. He travel…
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During the protectorate of Richard Cromwell, while the royalists were preparing for the Restoration, Charles employed Dr. Morley as a messenger to the Presbyte- rians. He quickly gained their confidence, because he was known to be a strong Calvinist. He was, more- over, a fit person to instil the Presbyterians with a d…
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MORLEY 616 MORLIX in repairing the buildings in the see of Winchester, be- queathed a considerable sum to St, Paul's, London, and left £1000 to purchase lands for the support of small vic- arages. The bishop also bore a high reputation for the- ological learning before the civil wars, as well as after the establishm…
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Morlin, Joachim, a well-known German Luther- an theologian, and one of the most zealous defenders of the great German IJeformer and his views, was born at Wittenberg April 6, 1514. His father, Jodocus Morlin, professor of metaphysics at the \Vittenberg University, and afterwards pastor at Westhausen, in Franconia, gave…
1,114 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.