PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 6
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,371,720 words · 1335 reading sections
Section 481
" It was, perhaps, the zeal of Gregory for multiplying nominal converts to Christianity that led him to intro- duce alterations in the forms of worship, which were so exaggerated by succeeding jrontiffs as to change the solemn service of God into a ridiculous show. Observ- ing the influence which the harmonies of music…
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of its very existence had well-nigh fled the earth. Nev- ertheless, some fragments of the true leaven still re- mained, sometimes in the Church, and sometimes in small and obscure sects like the Waldenses. A speci- men of the higher and better aspirations cherished by individuals is illustrated in the history of Raymon…
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"In the East, missions were founded in Hindustan, the East India Islands, Japan, China, Tonquin, Abys- sinia ; in America, the half-civilized natives of Teru and Mexico were converted, and their descendants now form the mass of the people, and the Cliurch of Rome has enrolled two of Indian blood among her canonized sai…
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"2. Turkey. — The I'lnicd Armenians have an archbishop at Constantiiioi)le : the Latins, .-e\ri;d liish(>ps and vicars apostolic: lh(! distinet missions aie tli< m' of the Francis- cans in Moldavia, Jesuits in Her/..-. .vine, and Lazarists at Couslantiuoi)lo and Salonica— the latter aided iu their labors by the Sisters…
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"6. Cyrcft.— Christianity was introduced here from Chi- na about 1632, and has since grown amid persecution of the severest kind. The history of the Corean Church is writ- ten m blood. Her first neophyte was a martyr; her first Chinese apostle, a martyr ; her first native priest, a mar- tyr; her first European mission…
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"/>. OoEANio.v.— The first Catholic mission in Oceanica was that of Messrs. Bachelot, Armand, and Short, of the MISSIONS 356 MISSIONS ' Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesas and Mary,' at the SaiuUvich Islands. Thev be-jun it in 1S-2G, and con- tinued it till Uicir cxiiiilsii.ii bv llu; frovornnieiit in lSS-2.…
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I A former society, which had 279 auxiliaries, and had I circulated 801,000 copies of the Scriptures, was sup- ' pressed by the emperor Xieliola.s. I Tlic Russian government has also organized the e.s- ; tablishment id" a missionary society f<jr the spread of j the orthodox religion among the heathen ilussnlmen I and …
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(2.) Present Extent. — To convey some faint idea of what has subseqXiently been accomplished, and put in the way of accomplishment, it is deemed proper now to submit a brief sketch of the principal missionary organ- izations and agencies of the Protestant world. In this exhibit a grouping is adopted which is designed t…
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of the i)e;-ple, ami ! iiersoiis were reporieil as having, been brou-hl, iiiulei- reliL;ioiis instruction, allhougli it is admitted that very few of them conh! 1h> n-arded as con- verts to the faith of the Gosj.el. The Danish mission to Greenland was nllimately translened to the 'United Brethren.' Here should be menti…
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" (Jtliir Diitrli Misxhtna.— It must not be supposed that the oriraui/atiou ofihe Netherlands Missionary Society is all that Holland has done for the conversion of the hea- then. Long anterior to that event, even as early as 1612, the famous Anthony Walwens planted a seminary at Ley- den for the iirepaiaiion of foreiir…
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a great measine cut oil. Pi friends in the time of need, ; ''lilieiiish Miss,;. nam So, known MS the Khenjsl,' Mis. in IM'S by the. atniil-ani.-iIlM and the work still goes on. •ut.i. — TUe iiistiiuiion now ionary Society was organized 11 of three otlier associations. Elherfeid! iV'irn ;'•!',', amu".''l. lined a sep…
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"yoi-th <;,riiiii,i ilis^i,,iittr'i >■-»;,/ '.--Tiii- institution was organized in the year 18:JG, with ils -r.n lirst at Ham- burg and afterwards at Bremen. Tbe -nne of its earli- est labors was India, one station ImIh^' in ihe Telogoo country, and the other in the Neilghenies. A serious diminution in the financial re…
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"The iucOHH' of the Society lor i he ffo) la- a t ion of the Gospel in Foreign Part- is ilcri\cd iVom \arioiis sources, embracing Parliamentary lo ant-, collections in ciuiiches, schoolrooms, and )Miblic' balls, in which aniii\crsary ser- nKuis are preached and mi-sionary meetings held, and subscriptions and legacies f…
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ries, to clergymen and teachers laboring among the scat- tered settlers of Australia, and to mission statious and schools in several of the British colonies. " The London Sonety .for Promotinii Christianitu among the Jews was founded in the year ISus, although it was not fully organized until the f«illowiug year. The …
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" Thf (;i(i.sii(iw Mia.tuinaiii >>'i iftii was organized in Feb- niarv. 17'.h;. " Il sent missionaries' to Western and South- ern Africa, but w iihout very marked success. In IS44 the Society were transferred to the :-h of: land. America, formerly included iu the Hudson's Bay territo- '■ Th,' Cliinch „fS,;,tl,i..\:…
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" English Preshi/terian Si/uoiVs Foreign jtfitision. — This Church entered lipou foiei'jn inis^ionary opeiations in 1844. The principal scene of i;s ialmr- is I'liina, and al- though the work has not as v. a lieen ciiidilrled oil a large scale, it is hoped that la-tin- - 1 wdl br the le-iili. The funds of the society…
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"The first question which pressed upon the attention, of the diiectors oftlie London IMissionary Society after its formation was the selection oftlie most suitable fields of labor. Wishing to commence their operations in a part oftlie world where no efforts had as \et been made by any other society for the evan-eli/.at…
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md abandoned the Afier laboring at h ed, and the | risou was joined by ippoi the society in Demerara. As the work extended, addi- tional missionaries were sent out, and stations were ulti- mately established in George Town, Berbice, and various parts of the colony, much to the advantage of the poor negroes, who made …
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■ /,, - > ' , / 'Kilioit nftlieGoit})el avtmiff /,„.s.— Ihi^ lh^inu;i..ii \\..- established in London in ■ eliief support from the vari- 's in EiiL'taiid. Its object is jial Society for Propagating II. the yeai ous Dis identica ii; comniuiu '(I on iate MISSIONS 363 MISSIONS does not aim so much to baptize …
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with establishments for the cultivation and manufacture of indigo. At the same time they studied the language of the natives, held religious meetings with the people, and labored in every way to bring them to a saving knowl- edge of the truth. Mr. Carey, moreover, from the begin- ning gave great attention to the transl…
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" General Baptist Missionary Sucietii. ^The General Bap- tists, so called from their general or Arminian views of. redemption, formed a missionary society in 1816. The origin of this association is, under God, traceable mainly 3IISSI0NS 364 MISSIONS to the able ndvocacy of the Rev. J. G. Pike. Regarding the Held as…
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the to their watery grave in the Indian Ocean, they proceeded to India in the trne missionary spirit, and by the blessing of God succeeded in laying the foundation of the present prosperous Wesleyan mission in Ceylon and continental India. "The burden of superintending and collecting for the support of the early Met…
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MISSIONS 365 MISSIONS year more than 800 excellent people, constrained by the love of Christ, aided the home missionary ministers iu the work iu which they were engaged. 'Primitive Methoiliat JUisnionan/ tivcietij.— Its ■— may be divided into Home, Colonial, and Foreign, all of which are prosecuted with viLjor. Be…
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missions in the retirement of a lonely glen, and was de- lighted to find that their hearts also were drawn to the same subject. These three were soon joined by Messrs. Judson, Newell, Nott, and Hall, the whole of whom of- fered thenisi Ives lor mission work, and the American Board (d' 1 "As it \ .Miss dt( )rtbwith e…
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iier dc ibcd,iilt i]] the American continent and results of its labors, tl ■ortliy of the high commc itli wliich it has Iiphu t'i\ in its lionoralili' i . .-i- i. .- W . ttely •om- and a, to to vai-iMiis irih.'s ofln- I'.olli in the character, institiiiion lias proved latioii and liberal sup- 111, and it bids f…
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" American Sonetii for Amdinratinr) the Condition of the Jeics.— The primary object of this so'ciety, which was or- ganized in 1S20, was the temporal relief of persecuted con- verts. It was not until 1S49 that anything like missionary effort was pnr forth for the benetit of the lost sheep of the house of Isrtiel. It wa…
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''Aiii'jiicaii, Indian Mission Association. —This society was founded also in 1842, and is connected with the Bap- tist churches in the south-west, having its executive in Louisville. The agents of this society, numbering abont thirty, have labored among different tribes of American Indians with a consiilcraliU- measur…
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" 2r> nor Associations.— There are several minor mission- ary associations, both in Europe and America, concerning which our limited space prevents a separate description." In order to make the above list complete, it would be necessary to add the numerous Bible societies [see Bi- ble Societies], and also Tract and Bo…
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barbarism, and with what creations of benevolence has ' to working with great efficiency in many important lo- it clothed them! How many thousands whom igno- calities which were then wholly inaccessible. Tlie rec- rance and selfishness had branded as the leavings and ords of even that period fill numerous volumes, and …
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Number of Number of Ordained Church Missionaries. Members. 305 21 20,742 1,363 56 4,056 35 1,S51 71 3,478 23 44 _ 19 114 10 4 2 } ~' _ 4 - ~ — 1 ^ 5 - — 16 — 7 — 329 21,705 1,071 158,505 230 40,000 464 30,000 S5 37,426 14 ~" 12 1,000 23 563 28 1,906 11 21S 11 130 …
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Freedmen. American Missionary Association IMcth. Kpis. FreedmtMi's Aid Society Prosl). Committee of Miss. f.>r Freedmen. Presb. (I'niled) Board for Freedmen Protestant Episcopal Board for Freedmen IV. Colonial. /The Reformed Church Mission at the 1 Cajic of Good Hope /Society of Internal and External Missions,…
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3. Missions among the Jews. — For more than eighteen centuries the Jews have been a cosmopolitan people. The very first missions of the apostles were to the Jews " scattered abroad." In subsequent ages the once chosen but now dispersed race was in many countries made the object of cruel and wasting persecution. StiU as…
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h. Xorthern Africa, with the exception of Egypt, seems abandoned to ^Moslem predominance. Owing to its vast deserts of sand, it is in fact but thinly inhabited — indeed only traversed occasionally by trilies of wan- dering and savage Araijs. The I'rench occuiiation of portions of Algeria, ii;cluding the locality of the…
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11. Ceylon is an island situated off the south-west coast of Hindustan. The inhabitants are divided into four classes: the Singhalese, who are Buddhists; the Tamils, who profess Hinduism ; the Moormen, and the Whedahs. A form of Christianity was introduced into Ceylon by the Jesuits as early as 1505. Protestant mis- si…
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13. Indo-China comprises the kingdoms between In- dia and China. The whole district may be divided into four parts: the British territories, Burmah, Siam, and Co- chin China, including Cambodia and Tonquin. Buddh- ism is the leading religion. The missionary societies are the American Baptist, American Presbyterian, Ame…
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populous nation of the world have abundant encourage- ment to press forward in their cfl'orts. See Medburst, China ; Hue, Ckiistianiti/ in China. Tartary, and Thibirt ; Morrison's Life; Ahw]. lii-sidtnre in China; K'ldd. Chi- na ; WilWams, Middk- Klnf/dom ; Dooliltle. (7,/»a ,- WW- \iamson,Joiirn( i/s in Xnrt/i China. …
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21. Sandwich Islands. — The Sandwich or Hawaiian Islands constitute the most important Polynesian group north of the equator. They have been the locality of one of the most important missions of the American Board. That mission was commenced in 1820, Its history for forty years following is one of struggle, trial, pers…
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24. Mexico and Central Amet-ica. — These countries Avere favorite fields of the Spanish Koman Catholic mis- sionaries, and by them were pronounced Christianized at a comparatively early period in the settlement of America. The intermediate history of those countries, however, illustrates in a striking manner the defect…
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! tively disseminated by missionary settlements in other parts of the island. Five such settlements are now oc- cupied, and nearly two thousand souls are under the direct care of the missionaries. About one filth of the population of West (ireenland receive Christian in- struction at the mission settlements, and there …
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I India and China; that comparatively the easiest work was given to the churches at first, in the jirocess of which they might solve the great problems of mis- sionary measures and economies preparatory to the greater work awaiting them in larger and in sonie re- spects more difiicult fields. The marvellous rise and p…
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mssioxs 380 MISSIONS 1. Am. Roai-fl (Coil!;.). 2. Am. Prosb. M. S. 3. Am. United Prcsb. M. S. 4. Am. Hcf. Prosb. M. S. fi. Am. Sonthurn P;■e^b.M.S. C. Am. Moth. Kpis. M. S. 7. Am. I'lot. Ki)is. M. S. S. Am. lliipt. ]\I. S. 9. Enp. Chmrh M. S. 111. Scolfli E.-tab. Cli. M. S. 11. Scoich Ficc Cli. M. S. 12. Iii.-^h Pre…
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The following is the testimony of Sir Bartle Frere, governor of Bombay : "I speak simply as to matters of experience and obser- vati<m, and not of opinion— just as a Roman prefect might nave reported to Trajan or the Antonines— and I assure you that, whatever you may be told to the contrary, the teaching of Christiani…
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1. Cencnil llh'tnriis of Missions, by Wiggers, Steger, Klunipp. lilunihardt. I'.rowii.Callcnburg.Clarkson, Huie, Choules and Smith, I'carson (^I'rojun/dtion oftlie Gospel), 2. Ci/clojKcdiiis, Gazetteers, etc. — Newcombe, Aikman, Hassel (J'ole to Pole), Moister {Missionary World), Ed- wards {Gazetteer), Iloole {Year-bo…
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Mist ClX. ed. Gen. ii, 6) signifies a rising vapor, a fog, or cloud, which again distils upon the ground (Job xxxvi, 27). The Chaldee paraphrase renders it X"", tlie cloud. Mistletoe (Anglo-Sax. misteltan, Ger. 7nistil; the tan of the Anglo-Saxim name means a tine or prong, a shoot of a tree; mist, I is of uncertain e…
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Mitchell, Alfred, a Congregational minister, was born May 22, 1790, at Wethersfield, Conn. He gradu- ated at Yale College in 1809 ; was ordained pastor in Norwich Oct. 1814; and died Dec. 19, 1831. He pub- lished five occasional sermons. — Sprague, A nnals, ii, 601. Mitchell, Donald, a Scotch missionary to India, flour…
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Mitchell, Orin, a minister of the Methodist Epis- copal Church, was born in (iranville. Licking Co., Ohio, Jan. 18. 1809; was converted in 1H29; licensed to pre.ach in 1833; received on trial in the Ohio Annual Confer- ence in 1834, and appointed to Danville Circuit. He travelled on Ph-mouth, Grand River, and Lapier c…
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LCitchell, William Luther, a Presbyterian min- ister, was born in Maur}' County, Tenn., July 11, 1828 ; was converted at the age of twelve ; graduated in 1854, with honor, at Jefferson College, Pa., and in 1857 at Princeton Theological Seminary; was licensed in 1857 by the presbytery of Lafayette, Mo. ; in 1857 and 185…
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MITELLI 386 MITHRA Mitelli, GiusEPPi Maria, a noted Italian painter, was bom at Bolofjiia in 1034. lie received instruction from liis iatlicr, who was an eminent fresco j)ainter of Bologna, and afterwards entered the school of Flaminio Torre. He painted a number of works for the cliurch- es of B«h)giia, among which …
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MITHREDATII tarded. In modem tinies Christian writers have been again induced to look favorably upon the assertion that some of our iscclesiastical usages (e. g. the institution of the Christmas festival) originated in the cultus of Mith- raism. Some writers, who refuse to accept the Chris- tian religion as of superna…
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At first the mitre was by special favor conferred on certain bishops ; gradually it became the common right of every bishop to wear the mitre, and later its use was also permitted by special privilege to certain abbots, to provosts of some distinguished cathedral chapters, and to a few other dignitaries. (Compare Walco…
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Mixed marriages, i. e. marriages between Jews and (lentilcs, were strictly prohibited by the ^Mosaic law. The New Testament, if it be thought to contain no posi- tive prohibition of the intermarriage of Christians and heathens, yet, to say the least, strongh' represents such a proceeding as inconsistent with a Christia…
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Miz'pah (Heb. Mitspah', T^^'S.-q, Gen. xxxvi, 49; Josh.xi,3; Judg.x,17; xi, 11,34; xx, 1,5.8; 1 Sam. vii,r., 11,12,16; X, 17; 1 Kings xv, 22 ; 2 Kings xxv, 23, 25 : 2 Chron. xvi, 6 ; Neh. iii, 7, 15, 19 ; Jer. xl, G-15; xli, 1, 3, 6, 10, 14, 10 ; Hos. v, 1 ; always [except in Hos. V, 1] with the art. JlSri^Stl ; Sept. …
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MIZPAR 390 MOAB Bd, vi, 4, 4; X, 9, 2, 4, 5), once identifying it with Ra- niab (Mua(pd, viii, 13, 4). From the account in 1 Sam. vii, 5-lG, it appears to have been near Gibeah, anil it could not have been far from liamah, since king Asa fortified it wiih materials taken from that place; and that it was situated on …
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Mna'son CSlvdmov, porh, remindiiu/), a Christian with whom Paul lodged during his last visit at Jerusa- lem (Acts xxi, IG). A.D. 55. He seems to have been a native of Cyprus, but an inhabitant of Jerusalem, like Barnabas (comp. Acts xi, 19, 20). He was well known to the Christians at Coesarea, and may have been a frien…
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1 MOABITE try beyond it. Of the valuable district of the high- lands they were not allowed to retain entire posses^ion. The warlike Amorites— either forced from their original seats on the west, or perhaps lured over by the increas- ing prosperity of the young nation — crossed the Jordan and overran the richer portion…
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The account of the whole of these transactions in the book of Numbers, familiar as we arc with its phrases, perhaps hardly conveys an adecpiate idea of the ex- tremity in which Balak found himself in his ui>expected encounter with the new nation and their mighty Divin- ity. We may realize it better (and certainly with …
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MOABITE 393 MOABITE spoils taken from the Moabitish cities and sanctuaries went to swell the treasure acquired from the enemies of Jehovah, which David was amassing fur the future Temple (2 Sain, viii, 11, 12; 1 Chron. xviii, 11). It was the first time that the prophecy of Balaam had been fultilled — "Out of Jacob s…
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astrous as was this proceeding, that which followed it was even still more so. As a natural consequence of the late events, Israel, Judah, and Edom united in an attack on Moab. For reasons which are not stated, but one of which we may reasonably conjecture was to avoid tlie passage of the savage Edomites through Judah,…
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In the " Burden of Jloab" pronounced by Isaiah (ch. XV, xvi) we possess a document full of interesting de- tails as to the condition of the nation at the time of the deatli of Ahaz. king of Judah, B.C. 72G. More than a century and a half had elapsed since the great calamity to which we have just referred. In that inter…
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MOABITE 395 MOABITE fiercer character than before, viz. xxv, 10-12, Here the extermination, the utter annihilation of Moab is con- templated by the prophet with triumph, as one of the lirst results of tlie re-estabhshment of Jehovah on Mount Zion: "In this mountain shall the hand of Jehovah rest, and Moab shall be t…
1,024 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.