PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 6
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,371,720 words · 1335 reading sections
Section 1141
der, and a being, half man and half lion, issuing from its centre, tore to pieces the impious wretch who had thus insulted and defied the divine Power. See Moor, Hindu Pantheon, p. 17, 120; Coleman, Hindu Mythology, p. 18 sq. Narayana is a Sanscrit word of somewhat uncer- tain etymology, commonly supposed to signify m…
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ITarbonni, Moses (also called Mestre Vidal). a Jewish writer of note, was born about 1300. His fa- ther, Joshua of Narbonne, was a resident of Perpignan, and being deeply interested in the Jewish, i. e. ^laimo- nidistic philosophy, instructed his son in that branch of science. Vidal cultivated also metaphysics, and adm…
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Nard. See SpiicENAitn. Nardi, Angelo, an Italian painter of religious sub- jects, who, according to Palomino, passed the greater part of his life in Spain, flourished about 1G45. He studied under Paolo Veronese, and imitated the style of that master in all his works. It is probable that Nardi attained a good degree of…
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Nares, Robert, archdeacon of Stafford, a distin- guished English divine, son of the preceding, was born in 1753, and was educated at Westminster School and at Christ Church, Oxford, where he was made M.A. in 1778. He entered into holy orders at once, and became successively rector of Sharnford, Leicestershire, preacher…
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Nasafi, Al, an Arabian theologian and poet, was born at Xaksliel) or Nasaf in loii'.i. He was of the llaiiclite sect, and has written more than a hundred works, as many in prose as in verse, upon all branches of JIussulman tradition and law. He died at Samar- cand in 1143. His principal works are id-}fandhuma, a work i…
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Nash, Frederick K., a Presbyterian minister, was born at Hillsborough, N. C, Feb. 14, 1813. He was a child of the covenant, and many of his relatives were ministers of the Gospel, With such associations and counsellors, he soon identified himself with God's peo- ple. During his college course at the University of North…
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Nasini, Giuseppe Niccolo, an Italian painter who devoted himself largely to religious art, was born at Siena, according to Delia Valle, in 1664. He first stud- ied under his father Francesco, an artist of little note, but afterwards entered the school of Ciro Ferri, and be- came one of his ablest disciples. He was defi…
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Nassau, until the recent re-establishment of the German Empire an independent duchy of Germany, but now constituting the southwestern part of the Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau, is situated between 49° 50' and 50= 50' N. lat., and 7° 30' and 8^ 45' E long. It is bounded on the west and south by the Main and the Rhin…
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Natal, a British colony, and noted seat of an Angli- can bishopric, is situated on the south-east coast of Af- rica, about 800 miles east-north-east of the Cape of Good Hope, between the 29th and 31st parallels of south lati- tude. Its north-eastern boundary is the Tugela, or Buffa- lo River, which divides it from Zulu…
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Evangelization. — Much has been done for the civili- zation of the natives of Natal. As early as I«35 mis- sionaries of the American Board for Foreign ^Missions commenced to preach Christ to them, but the severe persecutions which all Europeans suffered until the Brit- ish made Natal a colonial possession prevented all…
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Natali, Carlo, called II GuardoUno, an Italian painter and architect who devoted himself largely to sacred subjects, was born at Cremona about 1590. He studied successively under Andrea JMainardi and Guido Reni ; and subsequently resided during a number of years at Rome and Genoa, observing all that was most valuable, …
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ITatalis, Caecilius, is the name of the person who maintains the cause of paganism in the dialogue of Minucius Felix entitled Octavius. See Minlcils. Various conjectures have been made as to who this Natalis was, but there are no sufficient data for decid- ing the question. — Smith, Diet. Greek and Roman Biog. and Myth…
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NATHAN BEN-JECHIEL 857 NATHAN HA-BABLI XV, 37 ; 1 Chron. xxvii, 33) ; and Azariah, another of his sons, occupied a high place in the king's court (1 Kings iv, 5). He assisted David by his counsels when he reorganized the public worship (2 Chron. xxix, 25). B.C. 1014. This is the last time that we hear directly of hi…
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Nathan ha-Babli, one of the most distinguished Mishnaic doctors, was a native of Meshan, in Babylo- nia. In consequence of his high birth, as his father was the prince of the captivity in Babylon, and his mar- vellous knowledge of the law, both divine and human, which he acquired as a student in the country of his adop…
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come here to discuss which religion is true, yours or ours. I am certain mine is the truest. Your law was formerlj- the only true law, but it is now abrogated, Y'ou are convoked here solely by Geronimo, who has engaged to prove to you that the Messiah has come by the evidence of your Talmud, which was composed long sin…
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4. One of the earliest disciples of our Lord, concern- ing whom, under that name at least, we learn from Scripture little more than his birthplace, Cana of Gali- lee (John xxi, 2), and his simple, truthful character (John 1,47). We have no particulars of his life. In- deed the name does not occiu- in the first three Go…
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There is a tradition that Nathanael was the bride- groom at the marriage of Cana (Calmet), and p]pipha- nius {Adv. Hcer. i, § 223) implies his belief that of the two disciples whom Jesus overtook on the road to Em- maus Nathanael was one.— Smith. The following ad- ditional monographs are extant : Lange, Nath. con- fess…
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Native tuee is probably the meaning of the Heb. word ri~]IS, ezrach (Sept. KiCpoQ rov Atfiavoi', Vulg. cedi-us Libani), in Psa. xxxvii, 35. It is difficult to see upon what grounds the translators of the A. V. have understood it to signify a " bay-tree :" such a rendering is entirely unsupported by any kind of evidence…
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NATIVITY OF Christ commemorated. The early Christian Church, it is now established beyond question, observed as a holy day the supposed day on which the Saviour of the world beheld this mortal sphere. See, however, the article Christmas. We may here add simply that Bingham insists upon it that in the early Church the d…
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Antique Representations of the Kativity. Manne, Diss, on the Birth of Christ ; Lardner, Credihil- itij, i, 1; ii, 79G, 9()3; Gill, "/)'<;(/// i>/ Jiirinit//, on Incnr- niition ; Bishop Law, Thinri/ of Hiliij'om : Newton, Jie- rii ir iif I'.rrli siii^iticdl //istiiri/ ; Dr. liiilicri soil, Sertuon on iIh sitiniih.u nfi…
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Natural theology now claims as its field of investiga- tion not only the whole natural world, but also the physical, intellectual, and moral nature of m.in. 2. Claims as a Science.— It being now conceded by all that the present order of things had a beginning— iu NATURAL THEOLOGY 863 NATURAL THEOLOGY this sense, a…
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(2.) The teleological argument may fairly be made to include the study of nature and the study of man as a physical, intellectual, and moral being. It is simple in form, readily apprehended, and has been enforced among thinking men in all ages. Socrates and Cicero are well known among the ancients for their arguments o…
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Naturalism is the name given to those systems of the philo.sophy of nature which explain the phenom- ena by a blind force act in- iircioarily. This doctrine is to be found in Lucniiu-. ami \vas held liy Lciicippus and Epicurus. The <s>/' /-/. d, J,i Nature of D'llolljach, the Traite de la Nature of i;(.l)inot, and the …
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NATURE, LAWS OF 865 NAU main of apologetics and dogmatics, where natural law requires the creative power of the living God to explain not onl}^ the creation, but also the preservation of the universe. We find it next in the province of morals, where the distinction between the causality of the nat- ural forces and t…
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Schleiermacher has, indeed, sought to lessen and even to destro}'' this distinction oi th^ phcenomena and noumena of Kant and Fichte, i. e. of a theoretical and a practical reason of an object and a subject; and for that purpose has resorted to Schelling's philosophy of identity. This system consists in upholding the u…
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Naude, Gabuif;t,, a French bibliographer, noted for his defence of Kempis as the author of De Jniitalione Chris/i, was born at Paris in 1600. He displayed at an early age a great aptitude for ])hilological and critical studies. He studied medicine at Paris, but took his doctor's degree in that science at Padua. On his …
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Nanmanii, Joiians (JoTTi.iicn. a noted German composer of music, both sacred and ]>rofane, was bom of very humble parentage near Dresilen, S.axony, in i 1741. Though Naumann had to struggle .against pov- ) erty and hardships, his industry never relaxed. He I pursued his studies until he made himself one of the NAUMBUR…
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ond place to effect a union of the whole Protestant body, in order to appear before the council as a phalanx strong in union and unanimous and harmonious in faith. To bring about this result, especially through the ex- ertions of the duke Christopher of Wurtemberg, the Naumburg Ecclesiastical Convention was convened. I…
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(1.) The Eastern Orthodox and Apostolic Church of Greece, wliich spiritually owns as liend of the Christian faitli Jesus Christ our Lord, is dependent nu no external amlioriiy, wliile slu- pr(-(T\i'< \nisli:il<en dogmatic unity witli all ilic Easleru urihod.ix churrlics. With respect to tlie a(llnilli^tl•ali.ln of the …
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Nautae {vavrai. sailors) was the name sometimes given in the early Cliurch to the presbyters (([.v.), just as by similitude tlie catechumens were sometimes called vavToXoyoi, or ravaToXoyoi, with reference to the well- known comparison of the Church with a ship, and to the circumstance that the catechumens took their s…
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Navarro, Juax Sijion, a Spanish painter who de- voted himself mostly to sacred art, flourished at Jla- drid about 1650. He attained considerable distinction. There is a Ilolg Family by him, which is well colored, but inferior. In a convent of the Carmelites at Ma- drid there are two of his pictures, representing a Nati…
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Na've (Nni;?/, Ecclus. xli, 1). See Nrx. Navel ("i", shor, or "l-ni, shorer', or "Ii1"r, sha- rir', to knot as a cord), the umbilical connection of the fcBtus with the mother (Ezek. xvi, 4), hence the abdo- men where it is attached (Job xl, 10; figuratively, Prov. iii, 8) ; finally, the bodice or vestment of that part…
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uosities, in early times made their voyages very long (comp. 1 Kings x, 22). The same custom is said still to prevail on the Ked Sea (Niebuhr, Trav. i, 258 ; Irwin, Tirtv. p. 100, 126 sq.). When they ventured out on the high seas, they were guided, having no compasses, by certain well-known stars, as the I'leiades, the…
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Naylor, Jamks, an English religious enthusiast, no- ted for liis fanatical excesses, was born at Ardsley, near AVakefield, in Yorkshire, about the year IGIG. James, of humble but honorable parentage, with a limited edu- cation, started out in life, and married and settled in Wakefield parish about 1G38. In 1G41 he beca…
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Nazaiene, an epithet given to our I^rd. There are two (ireek words for this designation — ^aZnptivog (only Mark i, 24; xiv, 07; xvi, 6; Luke iv, 34); and (elsewhere) Natwpaloc — both derived from 'Sa^apt^, Nazareth of Galilee, the place of the Saviour's child- hood and education. These two Greek words occur in the New …
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world, but without much success (Zuschlag, in the Zeit- schriftfur die Luther ische Theologie, 1854, p. 417-446; Riggenbach in the Stud. u. Krit. 1855, p. 588, 612)" (Smith). See Jesus. Nazarenes is the name of a Jewish Christian sect whose members continued to observe all the obligations and ceremonies of the law of …
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"Audiant Ebionaei, qui post passionetn abolitam legem putant esse servandam. Audiant Kbionitarum socii, qui Juilseis tantum, ct de stirpe Isra?litici generis htec cus- todienda decernunt," it can hardly be doubted that the " I'Lbionitarum socii" are the Xazarenes. This sect is thus identified as, in its origin at least…
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to assimilate their confession, that Jesus is Christ and the Son of God, with St. Peters confession, without at- tributing to them any limited meanings of the term, such as were devised at a later time. The passages may be seen quoted and commented upon in the third chapter of Sinker's work, in which Dorner's remark is…
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n. It may next be inquired whether the Nazarenes in later times fell into heresy. Augustine accuses them only of Judaizing {De Hmres. ix; Contr. Faust, xix, 4; Contr. Crescon. I, xxxi, 36 ; Episf. ad Hieron. Ixxxii ; ii, 16; De Bapt. contr. Donat. vii, 1). Epiphanius hav- ing briefly defined them in the prefatory index…
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The other passages of Scripture Avhich refer expressly to Nazareth, though not numerous, are suggestive and deserve to be recalled here. It was the home of Joseph and Mar}' (Luke ii, 39). The angel announced to the Virgin there the birth of the Messiah (Luke i, 26-28). The holy family returned thither after the flight …
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3. History. — Of the condition of Nazareth during the earlier centuries of the Christian a?ra next to nothing is known. Eusebius, in his Onomasticon, alludes to it as a village near Mount Tabor. Epiphanius sjjcaks of it as formerly a town, but in his day only a village. He- lena, the mother of Coiistantine, is related …
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on human credulity and superstition. There can be little doubt that Nazareth itself had nothing whatever to do with the originating of a story which tended so directly to injure its own renown by robbing it of one of its most precious treasures. The theorj^ of its inven- tion suggested by Stanley is in all probability …
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Such are the "chief sights" in Nazareth which the Latin Church has to show, and in which it glories. The Greek Church, also, has something to exhibit, for she too has lier Church of the Annunciation. It is lo- cated over a foinitain, said to be that mentioned in one of the apocryphal gospels as adjoining the scene of t…
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A description of Nazareth would be incomplete with- out mention of the remarkable view from the tomb of Neby Ismail on one of the hills behind the town. It must suffise to indicate merely the objects within sight. In the north are seen the ridges of Lebanon and, high above all, the white top of Hermon ; in the west, Ca…
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NAZARITE 880 XAZARITE xxxi, 3, 10, 1-i; see Saalscliiitz, Das Mosaische Recht, p. 158). 2. Oriffin of the Custom. — The germs of the custom now under consideration reach farther back tlian the sojourn in the wilderness. The manner in whicli the topic is introduced in the liook of Numbers (ch. vi) in- dicates that t…
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If he was accidentally defiled by death suddenly oc- curring on his premises, he was obliged to obserxe the legal purification of seven days (comp. Numb, xix, 14) ; cut off his hair on the seventh day — which in this case was not burned, but buried (Jlishna, Temura,\\,\; and Maimonides, ad loc.) ; bring on the eighth d…
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VI.— K K K full Nazarite were beyond the means of the pious poor, and which made it also an act of piety for a rich man to pay the necessary expenses, and thus enable his poorer brethren to complete their vow (Josephus, Aw^ xix, 6, 1), explains Acts xxi, 23, 24, 26, where we find that St. Paul could only take upon him…
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5. The meaiiinff of this interesting ordinance has been largely discussed by Philo Judicus, Maimonides, Abar- banel, and other Jewish writers. The following theo- ries have been maintained by them and by modern writers : (1.) Some consider it as a symbolical expression of the divine nature^ working in man, and deny th…
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taneous outgonig of a heart renewed by the Spirit of (iod. It prescribes abstinence from every product of the vine. The intoxicating quality of the juice of the grape, by which reason is clouded and luibalanccd, is laid hold of as the fit representative of sin, which dark- ens the intellect and corrujits the will. And …
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7. Later Notices. — The Nazaritish vow was practiced with more or less frequency during all periods of the Old-Testament history. Ewald supposes that Nazarites for life were numerous in very early times, and that they multiplied in periods of great political and relig- ious excitement. We have already found traces of i…
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Nazzari, Bartolomeo, an Italian painter who devoted himself to sacred and secular art, was born, ac- cording to Tassi, in tlie territory of Clusanc, in the Ber- gamese, in 1699. After studying at Venice under An- gelo Trevisani, he went to IJome, and finished his course under Benedetto Luti and Francesco Trevisani. He …
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IVdengei, the highest and principal deity wor- sliip])oil by the Fiji Islanders. Ndengei is to tlicni an impersonation of the abstract idea of eternal existence. He is subject to no emotion or sensation, nor to any appetite except hunger. They believe tliat this god manifests himself in a variety of forms from age to a…
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5 NEALE them as so many political devils; and Neal, in his History of the Puritans, blanches them into a sweet and almond whiteness" {Miscell. of Lit. ed. 1840, p. 298 ; comp. p. 307, 308). Neal's other publications are a num- ber of separate Ser7nons, 1722, 1723, 1726, 1727, 1735 (nine are in a collection of Lectures…
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Weale, Samuel, a highly-esteemed (Juaker preach- er, was born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1729, He began preaching at the age of twenty-two years, and travelled in England, Holland, and (Jermany, everywhere preacli- ing tbe tJospel of Christ. In 1753 he returned from this journey, and settled within tlie compass of Eden- be…
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NEANDER 887 NEANDER fine musical lines, but tliere is a glow, a sweetness, and a depth about his hymns that have made tnany of them justly and lastingly popular among the German people. See Max Oiibel, Geschichte d. christl. Lehens i. d. rheinisch-icestphdlischen Kirche ; Kohlmann, Joa- chivi Neandvr, s. Ilerkniiime…
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Neander labored earnestly in many ways up to a few days of his death, and when the final earthly hour of work had passed he calmly said to the sorrowing friends who gathered about him, "I am weary; I will now go to sleep ;" and, as they conducted him to his bed, the place of his last repose, he whispered, with a voice …
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As a man and a Christian, Dr. Neander was univer- sally esteemed. Indeed his character, religiously con- sidered, is of so noble a Christian type that it calls for special notice. Ardently and profoundly devotional, sympathetic, cheerful, profusely benevolent, and with- out a shadow of selfishness resting on his soul, …
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Neander's greatest literary treasure to the world has proved to be, however, his Allgemeine Geschichte der christlichen Religion und Kirche (Hamb. 1825-52 ; 3d ed. 1851-56, 6 vols. 8vo), which treats of the history of the Church from the apostolic age to the Council of Basle in 1430. It is accessible to English readers…
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NEANDER 890 XEAPOLIS Neamler and Luther himself, he holds higher sfill the objectivity of the Gospel? It was not Neander's wish to set aside the objectivity of the Church, or to subordi- nate it to the individual, but to contract its sphere, in order to give the laittr liberty of action, and that the pious members o…
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Neap'olis (\f«7roX«c, Nete City, a frequent name in Gneco-Bonian times, like Newtown with us; see be- low), the place in Northern Greece where I'aul and his associates first landed in Europe (Acts xvi, 11) ; where, no doubt, he landed also on his second visit to ;Macedonia (Acts XX, 1), and whence certainly he embarked…
1,046 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.