PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
A Dictionary of the Bible — Volume 1
James Hastings · 1,192,276 words · 1189 reading sections
Section 1141
ingl3' the divine mission and ])f'rson:ditv of Jesng lliiii.-elf (Jn0»»8-'' n-''--''' 13'" 14'" 10-''-*'l7»- =' 20»\ 1 Jn 5'-'). By their side we may recall also the rare construction with the infinitive (Ac 15", Ro 14=). When we advance to the constructions with prepositions, we enter a region in which the deeper sen…
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131s. 89. 48 141 155. 7 J712. 34 Jg8. Zl jga. 18 21»- M, Rq 116 322 W- '» 13" 15>^ 1 Co P' 3» I4« 152- ", Gal S--^, Eph 118. w 1 XI, 17 210. u 2 Th l'». He 4», 1 P 2'). A survey of these passages wUl show very clearly that in the NT 'to believe' is a technical term to ex- press reliance on Christ for salvation. In a n…
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Accordingly, the use of the word without speci- fied object is vastly preponderant. In a few of such instances we may see a specific reference FAITH FAITH 831 to the general conlMlince which informs helieWng prayer (Lk Is", .l.-i r .">"i. In a somewhat greater number there is sjiecial reference to faitli in Jesus a…
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The hinge of OT religion from the very beginning turns on the facts of man's sin (Gn 3) and conse- quent unworthiness (Gn .S--'"), and of God's grace (tin 3") and consequent saving activity (Gn .'{' 4" (ja. i3(.) This saving activity pre-sents itself from the very beginning also under the form of promise or covenant, t…
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The effect of the law was consonant with its desi™. Many, no doubt, looked upon it in a purely legalistic spirit, and sought, by scrupulous fulfilment of it as a body of external precepts, to lay the foundation of a claim on God in behalf of the nation or the individual, or to realize through it, as a present possessio…
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VOL. 1.-^1 FAITH 833 duties is continually implied in their enforcenient, and conies to open expression in frequent paraphrase anil .>^ynoii3'ni, and as often in its own proper t^rms OS is natural in the circumstances. Especially in the great crises of the history of redemption (Gn 15, Ex 4° 19', Is 7) is the fundam…
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It is very natural that a much fuller account of Jesus' teaching as to faith should be given in the more intimate discourses which are preserved by John. But in these discourses, too. His primary task is to bind men to Him by faith. The chief dilTerence is that here, consonantly with the nature of the discourses record…
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FATTH cnpied by faith in the discussions of the Jewish schools, reflections of which have naturally found their way into the language of both Paul and James. And so far are we from needing to sup- pose some reference, direct or indirect, to Pauline teaching to account for James' entrance upon the question which he dis…
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With much that is similar to the situation implied in Hebrews, that which underlies the Epistles of Peter differs from it in the essential particular that their prevailingly Gentile readers were not in imminent danger of falling back into Judaism. There is, accordingly, much in the asiiect in which faith is presented i…
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in which he was engaged he required to throw the strongest emphasis possible upon the immediate entrance of believers into this life. This insistence had manifold applications to the circumstances of his readers. It had, for example, a negative application to the antinomian tendency of Gnostic teaching, which John does…
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The saving power of faith resides thus not in itself, but in the Almighty Saviour on whom it rests. It is never on account of its formal nature as a psychic act that faith is conceived in Scrijiture to be saving, — as if this frame of mind or attitude of heart were itself a virtue with claims on God for reward, or at …
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The effects of faith, not being the immediate pro- duct of faith itself but of that energy of God which was exhibited in raising Jesus from the dead and on which dependence is now placed for raising us with Him into ne^vness of life (Col 2''^), would seem to depend directly only on the fact of faith, leaving questions …
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B. B. Warfield. FAITHLESS occurs only Mt 17", Mk 9'9, Lk 9*>, Jn 20", and always in the sense of ' unbelieving ' (airnTTos). So Shaks. describes Shylock (71/er. q/ Ven. II. iv. 37) as 'a faithless Jew,' i.e. not ' untrustworthy,' but ' infidel,' an unbeliever in Christianity. J. Hastings. FALCON RV tr. of TrK'ayyAh, L…
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The picture, however, is lightened by one ray of hope ; for the seed of the serpent shall not finally prevail over the seed of the woman. ' It shall bruise thy head,' though ' thou shalt bruise his heel.' Traditions of a state of primeval innocence, of man's fall from his pristine purity, and of the conseiiiicnl entr…
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* Tiamat, whom be had bound, then turned backward : 80 Bel trampled on the bully of Tiamat ; With his club unalung he smote her brain. He broke it, and caused her blood to flow ; The north wind bore it away to secret placet.'* There is nothing to surprise reason or to embarrass faith in the fact — if it be a fact — th…
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So far, then, as the language of OT is con- cerned, we have not convincing evidence that the story of the Fall as given in Gn 3 was much in the thoughts of the sacred writers. But were we to conclude, therefore, that the doctrine of a Fall formed no part of their religious beliefs, we should be seriously mistaken. If t…
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lii. When we come to the NT, and especially to the Paulino Epistles, we find that this doctrine of the effects of Adam's fall receives at once ex]>lana- Sion and relief in the facts of the Incarnation and the Atonement. If we take the points in the order followed in the last section, wo see (a) that the universal depra…
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(a) It is urged that St. Paul's language requires ns to conceive of the human race as in Adam potentially, in the same sense as the oak is in the acorn. Hence, for what he did, we may be counted responsible. The race, not the individual, is the true unit ; it is with this unit that God deals. Thus, e.g., David sinned i…
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(d) Pelagius is represented as having held that the infant enters on life crippled in no appreciable degree by any inherited infirmity or waywardness of the will. He begins the world with powers sufficient to cope with tlie machinations of the evil one. And thus, in so far as he does ■«Tong, it is his own fault ; in so…
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Such a state of things is so far removed from anything of which we have experience that we find ourselves continually at fault in the effort to imagine or to describe it. But we must, at least, suppose it to have been a condition in whicli man obeyed freely the law of that nature to which he had attained ; the ideas ' …
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We find, then, that the doctrine of the Fall, when subjected to examination, is in no way inconsistent with the theory of the evolution of man from lower types, and his growth ' from strength to strength ' as the centuries have gone by. There has l>een a continuous intellectual development. When the pre- Adamite ancest…
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f round of observation and experience, gives, as we ave seen, the rationale of this fact, and brings it into line with tlie revelation of the gospel. There are two points on which it is necessary to add a few concluding remarks. (1) St. Paul, following Gn 2" and 3»», states that death came through sin (Ro 5'""). It is…
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LiTERATtTUB. — In addition to the books already mentioned, the following may be consulted with proflt : Ryle, Earty Narratives of Genesis; Orr, Chrittian yieui of God and the World ; Laidlaw, The Bible Doctrine of Man : MiiUer, Christian Doctrine of Sin. The subject il discussed m all treatises on systematic Theology. …
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In Jer 20" we find the subst. ' familiars ' (Lat. familiares), ' All my familiars watched for my halt- ing,' for which RV gives 'familiar friends' as the same Heb. is tr. in Ps 41» AV and RV. The Heb. U lit, * m&D (or men) of my peace.' It occure also Jer 3822, Ob '. The moat instructive occurrence is no doubt Ps 41^,…
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FAMILY rA]\IILY 847 tbn man, as snpreme head of the household ; hia mother, if residing with liira after the death of his father; his wives; his concubines; the wives' children ; the concubines' children ; children of Other women, e.g. Jeplithah (Jg 11'); daughters- in - law ; sons - in - law, for example, Jacob wit…
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No very clear information is given as to the rela- tive status of wives and concubines, rrfv. woman, is sometimes used as a general term for a wife or concubine (Gn 30^) ; sometimes for \vife as distin- guished from concubine (1 K IP). The words ntij (in Hex., chiefly ED), nri^p (in Hex., chiefly JP), and ^jJi'S, seem …
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mostly given by the mother. Children were named by the mother, e.g. Jacob's sons (Gn 29, 30); sometimes also by the father, e.g. Ishmael (Gn 16'°), Isaac (Gn 21'). The long period of suckling — infants were not weaned till the second or third year — must have constituted an added bond be- tween mother and chUdren. The …
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The sons were the heirs, but in the absence of sons the daughters might inherit, and after the daughters other male relatives in order of kinship (Nu 27''"). A special birthright and a larger share of the inheritance were given to the first-bom, both in the histoiy (Gn 49») and the law (Ex 22-*); but the blkhCrdh, or r…
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850 FAMILY rAi\[INE tended to make the whole personal and family life a conticuous series of religious observances. The later system, however, diflered from the former in that in primitive times each family had rites peculiar to itself, in later times all families practised the same rites. V. Early History of the F…
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iv. „ of fowl supplies by the hand of man. i. Owing to the want of water in due season the famine might be widespread in extent, but in other cases it would be only partial and local. In the train of famine always comes sickness, which develops into pestilence and other scourges accord- ing to the intensity of the wan…
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The first famines mentioned in the Bible are those which occurred in the times of Abraham and Isaac (Gn 12'° 26'). In the first case, Abra- ham went down into Egypt to sojourn there ; in the second case, Isaac was about to do the same, but, being warned by God, went to Gerar to reside with Abimelech, king of the PhUist…
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Joscjihus, in his Antii/iiitics and Wars of the Jews, gives several accounts of tlie horrible atroc- ities which took place during the famines in besieged cities, but in no account does he give such distressing details as in the story of the last siege of Jerus. by Titus, in which lie sums up that ' neither did any oth…
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2. Notice the phrases : (a) thus far, Jer 48*' 'Thus far is the judgment of Moab,' 51" 'Thus far are the words of Jeremiah' (both .ijn-ii'), and Lk 22" ' Suffer ye thus far ' (fus toiW-ou). (6) So/ar forth = ' to such an extent,' 1 Es 1" (Im ov). (c) Be it far from ox far be it from. This phrase, which comes from Wycli…
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(Or. iiitfAtLi, iMii^fo.). J. Hastings. FARTHING.— See Money. FASHION (faeire, to make, faction-e.m, a mak- ing, It. /nzione, Old VT./agon, Old Knn. facioun). There are some old uses in AV, and tliey are all retained in RV. 1. The make or shape of a thing : Ex 26*' ' thou ehalt rear up the tabernacle according to th…
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' My lord, ho hath importuned mo with love, In honourable fashion. Ay, faHhion you may call it ; go to, go to.' 8. Manners and custom.i : 2 Mac 4* 'a place for exercise, and for the training up of youth in the fashions of the heathen ' (the Gr. is simply iiprjjUai', i.e. youth, hence RV ' and form a body of youths to …
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dsans broke into the city (Jer 39' and 52'-'). According, however, to Talm. tradition the fast in this month was observed on the 17th, on which day the breaking of the tables of the law by Moses is said to have occurred, and also tha cessation of the daily offering in consequence of the famine during the siege by the C…
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{B) In the NT.— 1. Tht Jewish practice.— There is an allusion in Ac 27" to ' the Fast,' which was 80 par excellence, i.e. the Day of Atonement. But the chief point which we learn from NT is that by this time frequent additional fasts had become customary with those in Judaism who desired to lead a specially religious l…
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3. The practice of the early Church. — The chief instances are before solemn appointments (Ac 13--' U-^). St Paul alludes to his fasts (2 Co G" 11"). It is somewhat difficult, however, to decide whether he is speaking of voluntary or involuntary ones. Perliaps both are included. The connexion of words seems rather to s…
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* FauU la the more accurate spelling, the I being inserted from the influence of M.Jalta and IjBil. f allere , although the u stands, o( course, for the /. In the Psalter of 1539 the spelling is always /auf«, though modem editions ot the Pr. Bk. spell /au/(. In AV of 1611 it is fault always. seen in Rev 14' 'they are …
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FAVOUR.— The interest of the biblical use of this word resides chiefly in its relation to the term grace. It has not, like that term, obtained any aoctrinal siKnificance. Wliile x''p" in the LXX (Vulg. gratia) is its prevailing equivalent, it is used only six times in IsT to tr. that word (see also Lk 1^ KexapiTwpJrr),…
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' Gall in thy death's-head there, tie ap thy fean.' 3. There are two kinds of fear, a ' slavish feare, and a sonlike feare' (Hieron, Works, i. 130). The latter is now used only of our relation to God. But it was formerly applied to the reverence due to any superior, as Ro 13' ' Render to all their dues : tribute to wh…
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' On the shore, far-ofT, he caus'd to raise A ship-mast ; to whose top they tied a fearful dove by th' foot, At which all shot.' 2. Ex 15" ' Who is like thee, glorious in holiness, fearful in praises, doing wonders ? ' (nS.iii K-ii:, lit. ' feared [in] praises ' ; usually understood ' to be feared even when praised ' …
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But men are only gradually trained to the level of this holy and disinterested fear. They often have to be taught to fear God at all, even in tlie lower sense ; and this lesson is enforced by divine FEASTS AND FASTS FEASTS AND FASTS 85S ponishments (1 S 12"'), just as civil punishments teach men the authority of th…
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(2) The New Moon (1) B-\n, (2) v-irh -irix, (3) J^in B'nn, (4) c'C'Tn '¥"«■;, vovfi-qvla, yeofi-qvla. — Closely asso- ciated with the Sabbath (see above). ' When under the influence of the Chaldee method of dividing time, the course of the moon with its four phases was adopted as the unit of time measurement, the new m…
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• "Im in Lt 2S'0 retere to the ' liberty ' of Sabbatical year, in Jer 34*- '*■ " to the liberty of slaves in 7th year of service, in Ezk 46" prob. to Jubilee. In Is 61" its use is fl({urative. ♦ The distinctive feature of these D'jn is that they are not merely religious festivals like those of the 'sacred seasons' (D'…
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There are few references to the Passover in OT (Nu 9 (P), Jos S'"-" (P), 2Ch 30. 35, Ezr 6'», 1 Eg ii...8...u.i7.i..«).ji.i! 710. U). In NX see Mt 2g». 17. 18. i« Mjj 141. IS. n. i» Lij 2" 22'- '• •• "• "• '° Jn 2'»-» 6' 11» 12' 13' 18^ w 19", Ac"l2^ 1 Co 5'! He 11*. Later Jewish ordinances distinguish between the so-c…
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Edersheim identifies the F. of Purim with the unnamed feast in Jn 5', 'for no other feast could have intervened between December (Jn 4") and the Pfuisover (Jn 0^), except that of the " Dedica- tion of the Tem])le," and that is specially desig- nated as such (.In lO'-'^) and not simply as a Feast of the Jews' (y'Ac Temp…
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(1) The Holy Sanctuary (i.e. the Holy of Holies)- (2) the Tent of Meeting (i.e. the Holy Place) ; (3) the altar (i.e. of bumt-oflering) ; (4) the priest ; (5) all the congregation. It is significant that there is no mention of the Day of Atonement until Sir 50'^-. Zee 3° is doubt- ful. In Neh 8 it might have been exp…
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THE END OF VOL L S«4 The following important articles, among others, may be expected in th« Second Volume : — FresT-FRUITB . Professor A. S. Peake. Holy Spieit . Flood .... Mr. F. H. Woods. HOSEA .... Food . . . Professor A. Macalister. House .... Fool .... Professor Geerhardus Voe. Hymn .... FOEKIGNEE …
570 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain historical reference work (1898–1905); OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.