PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
A Dictionary of Christ and the Gospels — Volume 1
James Hastings · 1,289,916 words · 1288 reading sections
Section 1021
Till' .lohannino conception of the Spirit conies out most fully in (lis. 14-16. The Spirit may be said to lie the main subject in the discourses in which Jesus preiiares the discijiles for His de- parture. All the difficulties connected with the 742 HOLY SPIRIT HOLY SPIRIT words of Jesus in the Fourtli Gosjiel liav…
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and tlie Fallierwlio gives tlic Spirit ; the three are one as tliey confront tlie disciples, co-operating for tlieir salvation. In this Gospel, as everywhere in tlie NT, the Sjiirit belongs to the same region as the Father and the Son ; it is included in what a Christian means when he speaks of ' God.' This is the Cath…
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(5) The climax of our Lord's teaching in this line is reached in 16"'^'. Here Jesus announces the paradoxical truth that it is expedient for the dis- ciples that He should leave them, because the com- ing of tlie Paraclete is dependent on His departure. There arc natural Miialogies to this : often there is a truer apii…
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genuinely lowed also 744 HOLY SPIRIT HOLY THING utterance as spiiitual is that it is a testimony to the historical Saviour. What the Spirit hears— all that He hears— He shall speak. It is not easy to say how tlie Spirit is conceived as hearing, hut the main point is clear : hearing precedes speaking, and limits and…
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Literature. — Gloel, Der hciliffe Geist in der Beilsverkiindi- qunil (fi's Pauhi.s, ISSS ; Gvinlit-i, Die Wirhinrjen (Jcs hciligen Grii'r'r Isi'V lr^•iIl- F. Wood, Th^ 5^t.>V.V m (!■■■! n, BiljUcal JamIvs Denney. HOLY THING (t6 4710;').— 1. Lk P= AV ' There- fore also that holy thing which shall be born of thee shal…
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\ I IS 1 I > 1 1 / s / / l->a) 111 a I factoi m e hit iti n > i of the reatt t 1 i itmce In oui I ci 1 s time theie was fiol al I\ in il liti nlya clojlattle ynagogue taUpjht ly t / \ icligi us atniosihere suiioun k 1 tl I 1 fioin the first and the mothci \ a tl her As soon as the chil 1 coul 1 I 1 taught him a v…
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Jn 12''), indicative of the Lian's charactT. In the iianilili ■ ;' ' ' ' ■'-' ~' i-ile hypocrisy of the ^""'I^ I , I . I hii-ing Ih'e amount of their debts (Lk ',',''[■., .. ,', I, .it all events, this appears to be a fruioMM,,! ,. hi, uhl vet the steward is commended for i,' .,.,1 l.cH 111' 1" ilic 'disciples as …
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Nr. 94 and ficial honey, made from boiled fruits (dates, raisins figs), and to which the Arabs pvo the n.-vme of rffft. (the phonetic equivaU.,1 ..I ILK ^-- honey rof bees]) it is not impossil.U- ili.-t n wus kno^n to the Israelites and the .l,;«~; Lm ^ve '-ave no decisive Biblical proof of tins (<• .0^. i;;/ n^^^^- 3…
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' Seeking an honour which they gave not Thee." honour is not the right Nay, even the most sacred goal for the follower of Chi were taught (Mk Id-). ^ the true aim for the life .if ; honoured of all, but tu \>r ^ Honour is included in llii; Christ (Mt 19-'), and it is 1 all worldly tliiiii;s in cxcl (Mt 16-''). Still …
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See, further, the follcwing article. Charles T. P. Geierson. HOPEFULNESS (Christ's).— Knowing that all our possessions of grace come from Christ, in whom we believe all fulness dwells, and lii/li.>\ inu thut He alone among the sons of moii |Mi-,,,-,a |iinfect knowledge, we mi"ht be led to .Imlii v, h.therwe could jus…
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HOPEFULNESS HOSANNA So ulMvas His M>^ « . ^j ^^^-u ter realized, an Jith U.c i ^^^^ ^^^^^ ^ harvestmg, that HcNj.isi.u.^'-J ^^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^j^^ when He exulted (i,yaXKid<raTc, Lk 10 ) 15 f'?'^^"; -?tt^r^t;^i5;=r%Sgr^ ij^r'^He.^aSn^>S:eSa^.^t^- ihe uttermost ifarts of the world poteiitiall the world' (Ji- _ was…
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Honanna is rendered in both AV and RV (cf. Ps 118'^ whence it is taken) 'Save now.' The •now is not here an adverb of time, but an inter- jection of entreaty, as in ' Come now ' : the word means ' Oh ! save' (Jewish Encyc), or 'Save, we beseech Thee.' As given (I) absolutely, as in Mk 11' and Jn 12'', the natural meani…
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It remains only to be added that the Third Evan- gelist, while recording the same Triumphal Entry, and mentioning the acclamations of the people, omits alike the palm-branches and the Avord 'Hosanna.' The explanation, no doubt, of both omissions lies in the fact that St. Luke wrote especially for Gentiles : his readers…
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2. But Jesus, living ' in feelings, not in figures on a dial,' and 'counting time by heart-throbs,' gave the word an intense significance. To Him days and hours were moral magnitudes. The appointed span was not small, but spacious ('Are there not twelve hours in the day?' Jn IP), to be employed in strenuous and loving …
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The 'house,' as a building, plays no such part in Oriental as in Western life and civilization, riimatic conditions in the East permit people to live much in the open. Accordingly we find artisans and merchants plying their trades in the street, or in open shops looking out on the street. Then the domestic life of the …
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The palace of the rich would difler from such a house, of course, in having more rooms, and richer and more varied furniture. The numerous rooms, often preferably arranged in a suite on the ground floor around one or more open courts, were often built in storeys. Fine woods, olive, cedar, etc., were used for the doors …
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Sll^lll]^ill;.; fr |.li\~i..il ].ain may have been a pait of liie a_;ony ol' llie ( linden (Lk 22''" ''■', cf. the iiiteriireLatiou gi\eii in lie 5'-*). Naturally the sacred history, which is engaged with things done rather than with inner processes wliich are con- cealed from human observation, and which finds no occ…
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3. The 7ucessity of Christ's hvmrinify.—'Vo one wlio sees no Divinity in Christ, the question of the necessity of His humanity is meaningless, not to say impertinent. Of course, He must be human, says such a one, since this is the only path to leadership. God has committed His work for men in the w'orld to men. Apart f…
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(6) The centre of this personality, the Ego of this undivided consciousness, is God. Whenever He sjieaks of His coming into the world, it is always God that speaks, not less in Mt lO^'* and parallels than in Jn 3'=* 10'». This fact stands side by side with such facts as the confession of ignor- ance. They are never al…
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Now, whatever may be the meaning of these great passages, whatever the pre-incamate riches and glory of Christ, He voluntarily submitted to the surrender of the resources of a Divine state for the lowliness of a human lot and the extreme of human poverty, and to the relinquishment of His equal participation in the Divi…
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i. Trials and crucifixion. — His implacable enemies brought Him at last to bay. Deep in that memorable night when He was in the depths of the impenetrable gloom of Gethsemane, the .s.acred privacy of His last hours and His last f)rayer was invaded by n howling mob of under- ings, hangers-on, .-ind s.iMiers of the temp…
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It may be well for us to stop and try to imagine what was passing in the mind of Jesus while all these horrors were heaped upon Him. We know He was accustomed, during the course of His ministry, to dwell, both in thought and in speech, on the horrors that He knew awaited Him (Mt 16-1 iixi dd avTbv . . . TToXXct -rraBuv…
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ii. Contrast between Greek and Christian Ethics.— The rise of this gi-ace creates an epoch. 'Humility is a vice with heathen moralists, but a virtue ^^^th Christian apostles' (Lightfnot on Col 2'*). In particular, it m.arks the np]in-iti..n (,, the Greek idea of ' high-minilr.liir~~' ijii, ' Ij hi. -.' by H. Sidgwick i…
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(1) Hmnility in rclcdion to God, or the Law of Grace. — We are introduced here to the most powerful among the motives to humility, and to a relation deeper than any that influences us in the society of our fellow-men. In Wendt's lan- guage— ' Humility Is the conscious lowliness we feel before God in view of His superab…
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for places :in.l lilli--, ol li ui'. roMieil iulluence and ri'eo.i;iiil ion ,as the 'ure.-il ones' of .lewish ndard and line Not so shall it be among you. ' Henceforth, greatness lies in con- formity to a higher tlian the heathen or Jewish type: 'but who.soever would become gieat among you shall be your minister,' etc…
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' 4. ]'h,m'}il,i'\<n,l lility (/////.— This virtue is "leet of manliness or at the expense of loyalty to religious and moral principle (Mt 10^^). Christ honours the spirit of energy and enterprise in us, and blames the hiding of our talents and the misuse of our opportunities through diffidence or cowardice (Mt So""…
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There is humour in the appeal to tlie practice of (he Kgyjitians and Syrians of calling their tyrannic and woi-thli'ss rulers Kiii-frfetcx, 'Benefactor' (Lk 'I'l^); nnd in tlio niaimiiianyini,' suggestion that the real rhirf anam^ ClirisCs l..ll,,«ers is 'he that doth seiM ' il.k ■_'■_: I, llieiv is a cDiiscious revers…
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The other recorded occasion on which Jesus suf- fered from hunger was at the end of His ministry, and during tliat week when His la.st conflict with the religious authorities of His nation culminated in His Passion and Death. The incident atiords an example of the way in which the Evangelists, in their choice of litera…
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In Mtl' In ,|ili is ealled 'the husband' of Mary, indica; in , in < -mnexion with v.'-^, that true marital relati'ia- e\i-ti^l hetween them. This is in evident conflict with the Apocrypha, which assigns to Joseph the place of a guardian rather than tliat of a tnie husband, in order to uphold the perpetual virginity of…
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One parable must be specially noted — the story of the Wicked Husbandmen (Mt 2p3-i3, Mk 12'-'', Lk 20Sf-), whicli is an incisive review of God's relations with His peo|.le. Endless pains had been taken (Mk IJ'j Asitli the vineyard of the Kingdom, yet %\ lien messenger after messenger came seeking fruit in the Divine na…
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^ "^f xfi[' afe laiter t^ ^U.^^)" The pr^;,;;; w|cr finds himself in independent .agreement with Bnggsin regardmg Mt l-Ob.-il as a translation from a Hebrew poetical piece.; 2. Jewish Liturgical usiaj' . In M,. l.iiil.' services the Psalms naturally iil.i.vi<l ■' Ki,.;it i.nt. For the daily service the order of the l.…
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Lk 2020 ; i^sxpni; only in the .Svnopp., alone ; li:rSxp,ir,s once in Mt. (23-'*), once i (121), and also in Gal 213, i Ti 4=, and ing of the word is to distintjintih briwct vh.at link of association i I determine. I rhapsodists a : apphi ! used by the Attic was restricted to declamation on the stage, and then, by…
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Further, sin is, in a pre-eminent degree, the foe of all truth. The hypocrite is in a special ense the child of the father of lies (Jn 8"). Hypocrisy is not a mere sin of impulse, but is tl e opposite of everything by which we may lay hold of truth and be delivered. As surely as faitli leaches out towards truth, hypocr…
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ances were against tlieni ; the Pharisee who had used his religious position to cover worldly ends was shown to want it, though all appearances were in his favour. AVhile the publican came to the light, the Pharisee hated the truth and sought to repress it, and to do so sought to destroy Him who spoke the truth. Thus h…
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' They preferred to think Thy substance did suffer ill, tluiu that their own did commit it' (Conf. vii. 4). That, as our Lord predicted, hypocrisy has con- tinuetl to work under the New Dispensation as under the Old, may be seen from the state of things in the Eastern Church as pictured by Eustathius, in the Western a…
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IDEAL balance. A consideration of the fullowing iiarticu- lars may serve to bring out this rounded symmetry of the Christian conception of the liit;hest good. 1. It is an ideal of blesscdmsn (ittuincd tlirotirjh perfection of character. — Pojju invokes happiness as ' our being's end and aim . . . for which we bear to…
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i. The ideal is at once a reality in the present and a. promise for the fnture. — There'are those who look fur their niiiiiiiiinii honum in the present hour, anil wlioM- pliiki-npliy uf life w-as long ago summed up in the >:i\!ii-. ■ IjI us eat and drink; for to- morrow «.■ ,lii- 1 1 Cu 15^-, cf. Is 22"S)._ There are o…
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VOL. I.— 49 St. Paul, who saw the perfect and ideal man in the measure of the stature of the fulness of Christ (Eph 4''), never doubted that the perfection of manhood which was found in Christ was something to be per- sonally striven after. That was the <r/coir6s of the long race. On that the Christian must fix his ey…
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The idea of a Kingdom of God does not appear first in the nJ In the OT, the°soverei|nt.v of God is -'""damental con- ception. Jehovah was regarded as hin? over His chosen people. isSWas a theocracy. Always, whether under judges, kings prophets, or priests, the human leaders were looked upon as Representatives or agents…
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rs;:;;^r^^^tf^'^ra:s:^?"-(vvj"% E^%(k"it zitrpU-»^.Ui^^^^^^^^^ tion fv2J)' In the latter passage (7=1 '.i') the importance of doTn^ ttewill of God, as oJ,ntrast«d with mere profession, ,s a condition of entering into the Kingdom. .„ .=, vuu= ,,.rfectly clear that the whole Sermon ot the Mount regards human 1 lays down…
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There is a. tendency to regard this purity of heart as concerned only with the negation of one class of fleshly appetites. Our Lord did indeed apply the princ?iple most impressively with that reference (Alt principle " essence of all goodn all the show, the ■ very lie which the philosophei Kant stated in the term…
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5. The Universality of Love.— The Law of Love in its relation to our duty to one another is expressed by the command, 'Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself.' But the question arises. What is the scope of this love ? (3r, as it was put to our Lord Himself, 'Who is my neighbour?' (Lk 10^"). The answer to this questio…
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Our Lord clearly sets before us the reward of goodness and the punishment which awaits unrepented sin. The subject is a puzzling one, becanse of the anil>iguities of language. But our thoughts will l.r ., , fr. r fidiii , .iifn^iMii if we consider our Lord's teafhiii - it ;;ifi N. ,i| 1 1 1 trm r^rtain popular miscon- …
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2. The Son. — The second stage of our Lord's teaching is concerned mainly with Himself and His work for man. It is one of the great para- doxes of His personality, that while humility was one of His most marked characteristics, He yet jneached Himself as none else ever dared to do. Sometimes the humility and the self-a…
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The two titles ' Son of God ' and ' Son of Man ' modify and explain one another. Taken together they constitute our Lord's own most characteristic way of expressing the nature of His person. It was in this way that He chose to teacli men His humanity and His Divinity and the miracle of their union. Thus the Incarnatio…
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92. 22. 29 1528_ Mk I*. 41 25 4''0 53-1. 36 fiS. 6 729 §12. 17-21 1052 W-\ Lk 5>-- "■ =" 7»-™ 8^5.48. 50 1042 1719 1842 1939.40, In the Gospel of St. John, faitli of this kind is pre- sented everywhere as the spiritual condition which enables man to become receptive of the highest blessing. See Jn V--'^ 2"-25 316. is.…
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Literature. — It is not ' witfi this subject, as nil <■< 'Life of Ciinsl ' \ l" are; Weis.s /. ' the Messiah ; I ' iln, ti / I '';;; , Charles F. D'Arcy. 776 IDUMiEA ILLUSTRATI0X5 IDUM^A (NT 'ISoujuaio, which is also used the LXX for the Heb. 'Edom).— This land is m tioned once only in the NT (Mk 3«), but is a…
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2. Chrisfs ignorance, or limitation of knowledge —See COX.SCIOUSNESS, Kenosis. ILLUSTRATIONS.— The use of illustrations is a noticeable mark of Jesus' teaching. He spoke in similes and metaphors and parables ; general rules He illustrated by examples or stated in concrete instances. His aim may be gathered from ob- se…
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In the Synoptic Gospels there is an explanation of Jesus' use of jmrables which is a startling paradox. It is tiiat He spake to those without in parables, and that He tlid so to hide His meaning (Mt 13'"■'^ Mk 4"- '-, Lk 8"). It is easy to show that these words are not universally true, and that the aim of Jesus gener…
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(3) Jesus' outlook on Nature was full of joy. That is shown, not so much by the abundance of His references, as bj' the liglit in which He places them, the thoughts they brought to Him. He speaks of the hen gathering lier chickens under her wings, symbol of His own prnti-etiim lovi- for Jerusalem ; tlie sparrows, objec…
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IMAGlNATlOlsr IMITATION 779 the home, — marriage ceremonies, feasts, saluta- tions, journeyings ; and even from hodily life and sensations, — the eye, ear, bones, feet, hunger and thirst, laughing, mournin", sickness, sleep, etc. Our Lord's use of natural imagery may oe put into words -written elsewhere by the prese…
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If the Gospels and the Epistles are compared as to their form, further light is shed on the wisdom of our Lord in using the imaginative style of speech as a vehicle for His oral teaching. St. Paul'.s involved literary style, full as it is of technical terms, long sentences, and abstract trains of reasoning, could not p…
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extravagance in St. Francis' lovi ol ]...\ , 1 1\ . 1 Int. was also a permanent moral iil'a tin -nuiili- life.' We cannot horp disfu-^- t);i- ilaini,-- or con- ditions or limitations 111 lint \ it with reverence in so iv:it a Still further, Ave must 1. r,,-iiiz.- in St. Francis' joy the influences of ruiiiajuc. ' Fuver…
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Imitatio. Early Christian literature Luthardt's Hist, of Christian Ethics (Eng. see P. Sabatier's Life and other writings. see Charles Beard's Martin Lvlher, also his Hibbert Lecture. (Luther, that great religious genius, is the Reformer to study). Robert Mackintosh. IMMANENCE (Lat. in, 'in,' and manere, 'to remai…
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The immanence of God in nature is implied in Jn 3* 4=^ 11^. His immanence in man is suggested in l^"''' 8'- 14". Here God, in some active way, is operative in nature and in the soul of man as its Divine light. But it is in Jesus Christ that the Fourth Gospel finds the immanence of God in a special manner. For this see…
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T1h~i uncertainties as to the precise meaning of the words I h' iii-i I', rs naturally leave much room tor difference of opinion, aiiii tlii^ is largely increased by other uncertainties. It is there- fore desirable to narrow the range of possible interpretation as much as possible. It is dear, in the first place, that …
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\^ The tra- t of these ; : But the sign lay m the virgin-conception, : of naSy is understood, this interpretation If she were one of the king's wives, then child w'ould be the king's son, and the possibility of an identification with the Messiah would have to be considered. It would be possible to accept, with McCu…
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* The connexion of v.l6 with v." is as follows. A young woman ^vill bear n ^nn nnd -vdl his name Immanuel. This will be a sign. f<,i- i' will < -t'l' -- a faith which triumphs over the appearan,-, ,,■ m : i-lir. And it is truly God- inspired faith, t ,i ' iididly vindicated. Ere the child thus born in d,i,~ ,,, ,1 ii…
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A. S. Peake. IMMORTALITY In the ordinary acceptation of tlie term ' immortality' connotes 'endlessness.' It has (etised to express merely or solely a denial of jihysieal death, in its incidence or its conse- quences, and has been extended to include the possibility or actuality of death, considered as putting an end …
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His follower-S, such as avc cuiueive the Apiistle John to have been, wnnid (hiv .-i-iHrt of His ,||s- course and doctrine l.e c.-muiit n\< and tve.asme.l, id be afterwards faithfully deliveieil as words .jiavavTa (rvv€Tol(nv, although for the moment they may ha\-e soared far above the care or <omprehension of those wh…
1,065 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain historical reference work (1906–1908); OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.