PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
A Dictionary of the Bible — Volume 4
James Hastings · 1,396,759 words · 1386 reading sections
Section 721
SIMILITUDE, as used in AV, usually means 'image' or Mikenes.s.' Cf. Gn \^ 'find. 'Let us nmke man in our symUitude and after ouie lyck- nesse,' and Ezk 8' Cov. (wliere the Heb. is n-jiB), ' The symilitude stretched out an honde, and toke me bv the hayrie lockes off my heade.' The words so tr^ arc (1) n-;:B (Ps 106^ 144…
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620 SIMOX MAGUS SlilON MAGUS bore the cross, but was actually crucified in mis- take for Jesus. 9. The tanner, with whom St. Peter lodged at Joppa (Ac 9^ 10»- "• '^j. J. A. Selbie. SIMON MAGUS.— The name usually given for the sake of distinction to that Simon who is men- tioned in only one place in the NT, but to w…
1,046 wordsSECTION 723Section 723
Simon was said to have taught that he was the highest God, the most elevated virtue {rr,v irlp fravTat HvotLut,). He carried about with him Helena, who he said was the first conception of his mind, the mother of all, by whom he con- ceived in his mind to create the angels and archan|,'els. She was also called Wisdom (a…
1,020 wordsSECTION 724Section 724
Besides the extracts from this hook, Hippolytus also tells us (vi. 20) that Simon went .-is far as Koine, where ho seduced many by his magical arts, but was opposed by Peter. This is the earliest refer- ence to a contest with St. Peter at Rome, unless the notice in I'hilaster (see below) was derived from the earlier tr…
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Eu.irhius (c. 324 A.D., IIE ii. 13. 14) gives on account of Siinon drawn from Justin Martyr and Irena'us, and embellished with somewhat strong vitujierativo langua''e. He then goes on to refer to a contest with Peter, first in Juda>a, then in Rome. •Forthwith,* he says, 'the above-mentioned impostor was smitten in the…
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iii. The Clementine Literatuke and Apoc- ryphal Acts.— (a) Tub Clementine Homilies AND liECOGNITIONS. — These are two forms of what appear to be an early Cliristian romance, containing the story of the wanderings of Clement in search of truth, the preaching and missionary journeys of Peter, his contest with Simon Magu…
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At Tripolis Peter remains a long time. Tliere Clement is baptizctl, and then they go on towards Antioch in Syria by Orthosia and Antoradus (viii.-xi.X Then comes the story of Clement's family (xii.-xv.), and they go on by Batanis, Paltus and Gabala to* Laodicea. To Laomcea comes Simon from Antioch, and a long dispute t…
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Peter then narrates the story of how he bad rescued a woman named Eubola from Simon in Palestine. Further mir- aoles and discourses of Peter are narrated, and the night before the contest is spent in prayer and fasting. On the day of the contest all Rome comes togetlier, the senators, the prefect, and the officers. Fir…
1,124 wordsSECTION 729Section 729
Lipsius, who had worked out this theory in the most ingenious manner, did so mainly in con- nexion with his researches into the early history of the story of St. Peter's martyrdom at Kome. The original idea of Peter bavin" visited Rome was Ebionite. ' Tlie tradition of Peter's presence in Rome, which, unhistorical as i…
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(e) SoniLthing more may be said for the expression in the letter of Peter prefixed to the book in which he speaks ol ,«1....-Here Paul may weU be referred to as 'the enemj whose doctrine waa Uwless; but why should not the enemy he simplv Simon, who was by tradition the source of all false teachin.'? Lawlessness does n…
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V. The Growth of the Legend. — We are now in a position to sketch tentatively the growth of the whole legend. Our primary authorities must be the .Vets and Justin Martyr, because thej' are chronologically the earlier, and because the accept- ance of them explains the rest. Justin Martyr, who lived in Samaria less than…
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The origin, then, of the Roman legend was prob- ably the Leucian Acts. These are represented for us mainly by the Actus Petri cum Simone, the Leucian affinities of which have been shown by James (Apocrypha Anecdota, ii. p. xxiv); the irpdffts TliTpov Kal Ilai'Xou are an orthodox recasting of the story, with the exagger…
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* It may be objected tlmt nothing haa been said »bo«t th« Simon of C.\'prus mentioTied in Jos. ArU. xx. vii. 4. In the opinion of the present writer the two Simons have nothing to do with one another, and the resemblance of names count* tof nothing. There are said to be twenty-four SimoiiB In the IndeK to Josephus. SI…
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SIMPLE, SIMPLICITY.— The words ti^ ' simple ' in AV are (1) "PS (from n-j to be open), 'openness,' inexperience, descending to ' hei'dlessness.' In Pr 1** tlie abstract use occurs and tlie word is tr* ' simplicity,' elsewhere the meaning is personal, and the translation ' simple' or 'simple one.' In Pr 9' the translati…
1,240 wordsSECTION 735Section 735
In the NT conception prudence is consistent with sinijilicity, and .should be in.separably associated with it (Mt 10i«, Ho lOi' aKipaioi). In the Test, of the Twelve Patriarchs there is a graphic picture of the man of simplicity. He is not a busybody in his doings, nor malicious and slanderous against his neighbours. H…
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(3) The next point is the development and in- crease of sin (Gn C- "•''). Sin is a parasitic growth 7/«r/A» .StTiffner't Sons SIX SIX 529 which mulliplies in its appropriate soil. It is not luert'ly a number of isolated rebellions, but results in a state of sin both in the individual and in the race. This state of…
1,078 wordsSECTION 737Section 737
tc) Tranttgretmioii i>^P). — The original sense of the noun ia clear from the use of the verb (cf. 1 K l'J'(* ' Israel rebelled against the house of David'). It is a breaking away froui law or covenant, and thus it implies a law and lawgiver. It im- plies what r'H'jri does not necessarily imply, namely, the volun- tari…
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repression of '^;''^y^„,.^ "^/'Continuance and S"- the in o Jer'oboam, and the ...rd -sin' msmwmm rh^ Yet this view was loo concentrated to be ^'^ 1 u t not to the retrospective record in faTd 2 Kinis fhat we look for li,,ht on the progress of the na ional conscience, but to contemporary ^ntWit^es t he so-called …
1,117 wordsSECTION 739Section 739
M. llnlzrnikn ([.n/ariiH And MelnlhaVn Zfitticfiri/t/rtr ViiU'fr- pKychulngie. H*l. XV. ISSt) contrnsl.s the (ioclrltic of r^itl In tho Kig Vc<Ia Willi tlmt of tho IVsalnip in lllo followlriir respt-clt, : (I) Vaninii (tin- k''«l ailflrcsacd) is rccunlt-d ns liimscif tlio rimso "f mnn'i* liclnir (li-rolvod Into plnninj…
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appears (cf. 1 Co -i'^O- It «''""1'1 ^^ ^''^"'^ ""1 Wis law-, which appears to make for a doctrine ot inborn sin, applies only to the Canaanites. and not to mankind at large. The idea of the derivation of a universal taint from Adam's transgression is altogether wanting. Pni'/er of Mnnasges.—We here encounter the firs…
1,014 wordsSECTION 741Section 741
The Lord's teaching as to sin, so far as He touched it was not so much to correct OT doctrine regard- ing it, as much rather to get rid of a spurious tle- velopment of it, represented by the legalism and casuistrv of the Jewish scribes. The ch.aracter of prophetic invective appears in one class ot discourses o„lv— thos…
1,020 wordsSECTION 742Section 742
It may be added thiit the sin of unbelief in .Tesus a.s the Christ the Son of God holds in the Nl' much the .'ian'.e position which idolatry holds in the ()T. In each ca.se the sin is the worst sin that can be coiniiiitted, because it cuts off the soul from God, and so from the source of its life and peace. It is an e…
1,002 wordsSECTION 743Section 743
2. Hcliriws. — The persons addressed had to the full the sense of sin which the OT had prepared and developed, and they had had to part with the ritual which had hitherto cleansed them and brought them nigh. A main purpose of the Epistle is to show them that better provision than the Law could offer is made for these n…
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This effect on mankind of the sin of Adam may be inferred (according to Ro 5") from the death of Adam's descendants who lived before the law was given. In the absence of law they were not liable to puni.shment. To account for their mortality, 'generic' guilt mu.st be assimied. It is evi<lent that such an argument canno…
1,076 wordsSECTION 745Section 745
4. St. John (Epistles). — (a) The great contribu- tion which 1 John makes to the doctrine of sin is a i)aradox. Nowhere is the reality of sin more strongly insisted on as occurring in the Christian life, and nowhere is the sinlessness of tlie Christi.an miu'e distinctly asserted. In 1 .In 1 the sinfulness of Christians…
1,243 wordsSECTION 746Section 746
SIN, 'Wll.DKIiN'KSS OF (fP'"'17':; LXX J) (pTjMOS ^{()lf ; Vulg. desertum Sin). — This ' wilderness ' is described in Ex IG^ as between Elim and Sinai ; in 17' an encanipment in Hephidira is mentioned between .Sin and the wilderness of Sinai ; and in the itinerary of Nu ;)8 an encampment by the Red Sea is inserted bet…
984 wordsSECTION 747Section 747
The theory is not lightly to be set aside ; the main objection to it lies in the itinerary (wliicli appears to have been one of daily marches aloni; a conventional road). Xo satisfactory attempt has been made to trace this itinerary to the E. or N. of the Gulf of 'Akaba. Setting aside, then, the theorj'of a (trans-'Al…
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* Ingena-valde in thU document rrequentl>"f but here In ita natural sonsa, tor Bhe nuj-ii a little later valte Uta quam dixi iuyeiu. 53S SINCERE SINITES Tlie traditional Sinai is bounded on the north side by the Rreat plain er-Rahah, out of wliich it rises iirecipitonsly ; on its east and west sides are wadis named…
933 wordsSECTION 749Section 749
SINGERS, SINGING.— See artt. Praise in OT, and Priests and Levites. SINGULAR is properly that which concerns a single prrson or thing ; so AV, after Tindale, in Lv 27'^ ' When a man shall make a singular vow' (T1J n'pe;, liV ' shall accomplish a vow,' ItV'm ' make a special vow').* So also Knox, Works, iii. 141, ' \\ …
977 wordsSECTION 750Section 750
i. History. — The history of the book, which in the English Bible retained the Latin name Ecclesi- astictis, while it is called in German the book (of) Jesus Sirach or, abbreviated, Sirach, falls into two periods, the second beginning on 13th May 18'JG, when S. Schechtcr, Tahnudic reader in the Uni- versity of Cambridg…
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t Compare with this assertion Luther's definition of the Apocrypna, as ' Bucbcr, so der HeiliKen Schrilt nlcht gleitl gehalteu, und doch uiitzlich uiid gut zu lesen siud.' 340 SIRACH (BOOK OF) SIRACH (BOOK OF) still more in the Latin Cliiirches. Tn the MSS of the (ireek Bibles it was most commonly jjronped with the…
936 wordsSECTION 752Section 752
In Syriac Lexicographical Notes on the Bible the order is: Kings, Kuth, Wisd., Eccl., Cant., Sirach, Prophets (see Opuscula Nestoriana, ed. G. Hoffmann). (6) Name. — Luther saj's in his Preface : ' This book has been called hitherto in Latin Ecclesi- asticus, which has been rendered the spiritual discipline [die geist…
972 wordsSECTION 753Section 753
In the Ilibirw text we read at the end, ' Ilitlierto the words of Simeon ben Jeshua who is called ben Sirii. The Wisdom (n2:n) of Simeon ben Jeshua ben Eleazar ben Sira. Tlie name of Jahweh be blessed from now and till eternity.' From these Greek, Syriac, and Hebrew state- ments it would apjx-ar that the title of the …
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5 "The He])Luagint is said here to have been made 'sixyeorf after the return of the cliil<lrcn of Israel from Babel, which was the 17th year of the death of Alexander the Greek, and 1400 years after the Law was jfiven to .Moses. Simeon the old (K3D), the father of Je.sus bar Sira, the Wise, was one of the seventy-two o…
1,223 wordsSECTION 755Section 755
V. Editions.— (n) The hrst editions of the Greek text are in the Complutensian Polyglot (c) 1514, from cod. 248 § (see below, p. 544"), in the Aldine Bible (a) 1518, which has been taken for this book * The word rawwet used liere and in the Preface may have the more general meaning ' ancestor,' but in tliis connexion …
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t See ntjove. pjt. 44i>, t>W^. i Comp. Hretsctineider on :jl ' Aldina, Melanth. et Has. minor: mp4fut jtl T(t7fioi quwi et codd. qxiidam Hoeschelii.' The first and last statements are cpiite incorrect. % 0. Moeschcl quotes amongst the editions used by him fre. quently * liiblia Parisiis impressa a R. Stephano, A 1."»…
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544 SIEACH (BOOK OF) SlRACn (HOOK OF) in spite of the definite statement of Edci'srieiii: and others* (see Nestle, ilnriiinnlu-n, Vi'yi, p. i%; J. K. Zenner, ' Ecdesiasticus nach Cod. Vat. 3;B ' mZ.f. Kath. T/ieol. 1895; Kyssel, p. xxviii ; and now the edition of Haitj.t Parsons nsed for this Ijook fourteen MSS ; t…
1,271 wordsSECTION 758Section 758
H; and he gives it to them that love him, ^ the gift of the Lord is Wisdom, Hi glorious, ^ to them to whom he appears he deals ^ it in his appearance ; or ■with the two lines after v.''', Hi the fear of the Lord is a gift from the Lord, for on love he raises ])aths. * Both additions are found not in 70 alone, but i…
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Bengel (1769-1826),* that the Latin version Wi». based imiiiediatelj' on the lost Hebrew original, has turned out to be wrong ; but even the latest investigation (H. Herkenne, de Veteris Latince Ecclesiastici capitibus i-.\liii, Leipzig, 1899) has arrived at the result : ' Nititur Vetus Latina textu vulgari gra'co ad t…
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Now the questions arise — (1) How have this quo- tation and tlie codex of Metz preserved this true reading ? (2) How did the wrong te.\t find its way into all the other MSS ? Is the latter circumstance due to an intentional revision, and may this re- vision have been made through Jerome? The former may be due either to…
1,088 wordsSECTION 761Section 761
But in the meantime — between the second and third publications — there had suddenly fallen a bitter drop into the general joy. D. S. Margo- liouth, who had published in 1890 as his Inaugural Lecture an Essay on the place of Ecclesiasticus in li>emitic Literature, and before that time had con- tributed largely to the c…
1,119 wordsSECTION 762Section 762
Take the next verse which lies before as in two MSS of it)— 4*^ ffi ti,i) fffTco if x'^tp aov iKT€Tafxivij (Is t6 Xa/3etV xal iv Tift dTroOi5i}vai ffvv^(rra\t^vtj. SnnS KD'sp m.ini • In the T/ieiaitrtu of StephanusIIase ' Eocl 4' and 'Sir *»' are quoted as difTerent ^o-ssau'es I The wrong (orm ^tran*- r«*«i, is tra…
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"^A"2m, all rules of textual criticism are nought if such additions be not glosses, and glosses added to the Greek, not to the original Hebrew text ; and yet they occur in C. ISjC, therefore, is dependent —partially at least— ona glossed text of ffi, as it V} represented by 248, 253. . . It is to be hoped that scholar…
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Surely it is not going too far to say that with the finiling of these texts a new period begins in the historj' of our book. Where wo hitherto were hill (7^) to bow down th« ner/c of o<ir children from their J'outh {Kdp.-^ai t6v Tpdxri\ov avrdv — but rbv Tpixv'^o' ai-Tuv is correctly omitted by li and CliTiiens Alexand…
1,000 wordsSECTION 765Section 765
550 SIRACH (BOOK OF) SIRACH (BOOK OF) 2. Among former descriptions of its contents see especially T. K. Cheyne, Job and Solomon, or Tlie Wisdom of the OT, 1887, pp. 179-198, 247 (ch. i. : Tlie wise man turned Scribe — Siracli's moral teach- ing ; ch. ii. : his place in the movement of thought) ; then the Introductio…
1,028 wordsSECTION 766Section 766
Note.— I75E OF THE BOOK IN TBE Christian Cbubch—OL Daubnev, The Use of the Apocr. in the Christian Church (London, 1900). For the use of Sirach in NT, he comjiarea about 20 passages, e.g. Mt fiH with 24"-, 61" with 29'3, lu-"^ with 32'-^. On Lk 117 Eeni^el quoted iS^^ and remarked: *Minime proletarium esse SiraL-idaj l…
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8. Literature since the discovery of the Hebrew texts : On the puiilication o( the text* by Schechter, C'owley-.N'eubauer (Siuend, l,evi), Schechter-Taylor, G. Margoliouth, I. Levi, E. N. Adler, Schechter, Caster, sec above, p. 54(j'>. The Hjrpuftlnnj Times, \o\. vii., has two, voL viii. again tvio references to Sirach…
1,190 wordsSECTION 768Section 768
• Budde (Richter u. Samuel, 00) thinks that the person of Barak was the link which connected the two, and that tndl- tioD ascribed both victories to hlni (cf. Jo*. Ant. 7. T <X t)52 SISINNES SLANDER the right bank of tlie Kishon, commanding tlie road from the Central Plain to the sea. Perhaps 41s. 16 imply tliat I;…
1,320 wordsSECTION 769Section 769
False witness is but slander carried into a court of justice, and against this sin the ninth command- SLAVE, SLAVERY SMYKXA 653 ment is directed (Ex 20" ; cf. 23', Dt 5»). Its pruvaleiice in the Kast (Ezr 4", Lk 3" 19*) necessi- tated great severity in punishing it, and in tlie IVntateucU the law of retaliation is …
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\V. EMi;r.Y liAKNKS. SMITH.— enij an artificer, a workman, 1 S 13'^ 18 54'*; Sns u-ir\ a smith (lit. a worker in iron). Is 44'-; 13;? (lit. locksmith?) 2 K 24'-'- '^ Jer '24' 29-. The name smith is common to several metal workers: the goldsmith, the silversmith, the copper- smith, and the ironsmith. The most important…
1,187 wordsSECTION 771Section 771
In the Roman time Smyrna was perhaps the most brilliant and splendid of the cities of Asia. No other city of the province could vie with it for the handsomeness of its streets, the excellence of the oavint' and the skill with which it was laid out in i-ectaiu'ular blocks ; but it was badly drained, and the streets were…
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SftfYRNA SMYRNA 555 Block of Abraliam, while the Jews say they are Jews, cl uiiin^' the name, but losing the reality of Jc\vi> I inliuritunce ; and (2) that the Jews in the fit'/ had piveu way to the temptations of luxury nd civilization, and degenerated from Jewisl/ ■ urity and religion. It is an interesting point …
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Again, we notice that, whereas Sardis, the city whose impregnable fortress had twice been cap- tured while its people slept and neglected to watch, is advised to ' be watchful,' Smyrna, the city which boasted of its faithfulness to the lldiiian alliance, is counselled to ' be faithful [not now to an earthly power, but …
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2. SiSs'i' shabhelrd, K-qpos, cera (Ps 58*). The Heb. is Shaph. form from the root b^? bcdal, similar to the Arab. Iialla, ' to moisten.' The rendering 'wax,' of the LXX and Vulg., is amplified by the expressions tVfire rup, supcrccridit ignia (from a c<infusion of n::'N Srj with v\ '75;). Never- theless, the modern VS…
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Snow is an emblem of refreshment in Scripture. It may be the glowing aspect of the distant moun- tain tops that is in the mind of the psalmist when, speaking of the scattering of Jeliovah's enemies and the consequent elation of the people, he says, 'Then fell snowonZalmon ' (PsBS" ; see Delitzscli, in lor.). Lebanon an…
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tions influenced by it, in which indeed both terms occur side by side. In all these, furtlier, the material is given as gold, and even ' perfect gold ' (2 Ch 4-"), while in the older and historical sources the material is bronze (cf. 1 K 7^'). A. R. S. Kennedy. SO (king of Egypt [il/i"?mi;ii] ; d'Tjo -)-. k-c, LXX -r…
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Another word, "13, from the same root, usually rendered ' cleanness,' is tr. ' lye ' in KVm in Job 9**, Is r-"*, on the supposition that it means the same thing as nn^, vegetable alkali or a solution of it. LiTERATdKH.— Thomson, Land and Book, L 130; Warren, Underground Jerusalem, 600 fl. ; SWP, Flora, 39& James Patr…
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2. A town in the hill-country of Judah, named with Jattir, Dannah, and Debir (Jos IS''^ B 2wx<'» A 2wxu). The Soco of 1 Ch 4'* is apparently the same place. It ia now Khurbet Shuweikeh, to the S.W. of Hebron, and near Esbtemoa. There are some insignificant remains (Rob. DRP* L 494 ; PEF Mem. iii. 410). At Socoh, accor…
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Chaucer uses the word simply in the sense of 'public' in Persones Talc, 105, 'The spyces of Penitence been three. That oon of hem is sol- enipne, another is commune, and the thriddo is privee.' These examples illustrate the use of the word in AV. In all its numerous occurrences it signifies 'stated' or 'public,' havin…
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According to one reading of 2 S 12=4, it was Bathsheba that gave her son the name of Solomon. She may have done so. In the OT more instances are mentioned of the names of children beint' given bv their mother than by their father. In a num- ber of cases the names are said to have been given by both parents, and that ma…
1,381 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain historical reference work (1898–1905); OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.