PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
A Dictionary of the Bible — Volume 4
James Hastings · 1,396,759 words · 1386 reading sections
Section 661
In Rhera. NT Mk W is tr" ' And after this he appeared in another shape to two of them walking,' and on this word there is a note, ' Christ thougli he have but one corporal shape, natural to his person, yet by his omnipotencie he may be in whatsoever forme, and appears in the likenesse of any other man or creature, as h…
951 wordsSECTION 662Section 662
37] was Kergal-sharttsur, a Babylonian name whick occurs in Jer 39' [Nekgal-shaf.ezer]. The origin of the conjecture is an untenable identification of Sharezer with the Nernilus of the historian Aby- denus [see below]. In Zee 7" the complete name ia very pioliably Bel-sharezer). 1. In conjunction with a brother, Adeam…
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Sliarezer's question is explained by the new situation which the restoration of the temple ireated. Since Zechariah addresses his reply to the 'people of the land,' it may be argued that Sharezer \v;is spokesman on their behalf. Uut v.' more naturally expresses individual perplexity. V.' implies tliat the inquiry came …
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Neubauer appears to be right (against Graetz, Gesch. d. Ju<it-n% iii. IS'2) iu cotitcnding that it is the inhabitants of the maritime Sharon and not of the Galilasan 5arofias [see l)elow], on whose bt-balf a special petition is said to have been intro- duced into the high priest's prayer for the people on the Day of At…
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grow. Among the Israelites the custom was different. The hair seems to have been allowed to grow to a moderate length, and to have been cut at intervals. Absalom, we are told (2 S 14"), polled his head every year. The beard was held sacred among the Israelites, as it is to this day among the Arabs ; and the insult that…
956 wordsSECTION 666Section 666
SHEAL (Sk7, B 2aXow(£, A Zai\), Ezr 10=^.— One of the sons of Hani, who had married a 'strange' wife ; called Jasaelus in 1 Es 9**. SHEALTIEL (Wk;^; in Hag !"•» 2' Sx-n^c> ; LX.\ and N r always 2aXa(?iii\, lience Salathiel of 1 Es 5»"-" G-, AV of Mt 1'= and Lk 3-'').— The father of Zerubbabf.l, Ezr3=-«5', Neh 12', Hag…
1,020 wordsSECTION 667Section 667
480 SHEBA SHEBA The date of the coins described by Schlumberger was fixed by him, on numismatic grounds (i.e. tlie evolution of the style from Attic, Seleucid, and Roman models), at from about B.C. 150 to A.D. 150, and, while he derived the style of the art from the sources named, he regarded the weight as fixed by …
1,052 wordsSECTION 668Section 668
In the time of Eratosthenes (B.C. 240) Saba was one oifour nations which shared S. Arabia between them — Mina;ans with cajiital Kama, Sab;eans with capital Marjab, Kattabanians with capital Tamna, and yadramaut with capital Katabanon. The Greek writer adds that these were all monarchies, but that they were not heredita…
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Vol . IV. -31 under cultivation in ancient times than now, the extent of territory covered by these feudal estates was very great, and, as we have seen, ere the final extinction of the Salwan State bv the Abyssinians in the 6th cent, it had swallowed up the other States in its neighbourhood. Hence the inscriptions whi…
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etc.), Rahman {'merciful,' perhaps of monotheistic times, CIS 6), Hainan (8) and others whose nam* is thought to signify water-nymphs (153, etc.). This pantheon appears to resemble that of the Italians before Greek influence : the gods were to some extent hypostases of operations or objects, and there was supposed to …
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C. W. Wilson. 8HEBANIAH {.t»i? ; in 1 Ch 15"'' ?.i;;av)— 1- The name of a Levite or a Levitical family that took part in the religious services which followed the reading of the Law, Neh 9^ (B Zapa^id, A Zaxavid, K 2o/)o5id)'(LXX om.). The name appears in Neh 10'" amongst those who sealed the covenant (B Zafiani, XA 2…
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A third view has been maintained, to the effect that change of offlce from maiOT-d<nno to secretarj' ts degradation equivalenc to futtllmentot the prediction. There is not, however, sutllcient proof that the oiBce of State secretary was lower than that of govemorof the palace. But, besides, Isaiah foretells as Shebna'…
1,048 wordsSECTION 673Section 673
The position of Shechem is clearly indicated in the Bible. It was west of Jordan ; in the territory allotted to Joseph (see Gn 48-^, where ' portion ' is the translation of shSch(ni) ; in the hill-country of Ephraim (AV Mount Ephraim), within the limits of the tribe of Ephraim (Jos 20' 21^, I K 12'", 1 Ch G^ T^, cf. Jo…
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After Gideon's death, the men of Shechem made Abimclccli, his son by a Shechemite concubine, king by the oak (IIV ' plain ') of ' the pillar that was in Shechem ' ; and it was during, or immedi- ately after, the ceremony that Jotham delivered his parable of (he trees from Mount Gerizim (Jg 8^' yi-3. «-Mj When Abimelech…
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486 SHECHEM SHEEP erned from Ndblus, which is still the connecting link between the telegraph system east and west of Jordan. The modem town contains three churclies built by the Crusaders which are now mosques, the synagogue of the Samaritans, and a few fragments of the Roman city. Immediately outside the to\\Ti, o…
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SHEEP.— The generic name for 'sheep' is jrfx z6n (properly ' small cattle '). The unit is expressed by .117 seh, which also applies to goats. V:x 'aytl signifies 'a ram'; Vht rdlicl, 'a ewe'; 0^2 keh)ies (feni. kiblisah and ^reWwaA), or by transposition nb-a kcf:cbh (Lv 3', fern, klsbah), ' a (yearling) lamb ' ; n^p fa…
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pensable to shepherds (Job 30'). They protect the Hock from wild animals and robbers. They are the unkempt, savage, shaggy originals of the city dogs of the East. Tliey help to keep the sheep together like the Scotch collies. Syrian sheep are usually white (Ps 147'", Is 1", Dn 7"), but some are brown (GnStf'--" RV 'bla…
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It was these celestial and terrestrial phenomena wliich suggested to the Jew the conception of the Sliekinah. The desideratum was to find some- tliiug which is Divine but is not God. God was very far away ; literally ' beyond all knowledge and all thought ' : yet He rules the world mediately, if not immediately ; and b…
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If a rigorous conception of God's ubiquity for- bade His dwelling in a place, so also must it pre- clude His removal from a place. When Hos 5* says, ' J" has withdrawn himself from them,' Targ. reads 'J" has removed his Shekinah from them.' This phrase is also used of God's 'hiding his face' (Is 8" 57" 59-, Jer 33'), a…
1,183 wordsSECTION 680Section 680
There are three other NT passages where an allusion to the Shekinah is probable, though exegetes are divided on the matter. Ko 6' ' Christ was raised from the dead by means of (oid) the glory of the Father.' 'Glory' may of course here mean 'glorious power,' as commentators say ; but, with the passage from the Midrash b…
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8HEL0MITH (n-?V; in Ezr S'" n-p^V)-— !• The mother of the man who was stoned to death foi having blasphemed 'the Name,' Lv 24" (B»AF ^a\aij.eie, Luc. ^aXfutd). 2. Daughter of Zenib- babel, 1 Ch 3" (B ^aXu/ifed, A ZaXuixeBi, Luc. ^aXu/ilS). 3. One of the ' sons of Izliar,' I Ch 23" (B ^aXoiniie, A ^aXov/xuS, Luc. ZaXu/…
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E Za/iaid). 21. Probably a Levitical clan of singeri that took part in the dedication ceremonies (Neh 12^ Za/uiid; v.« ^'•^'^ Ze/ielat). We may sup- pose that half of it went in one procession and hali in the other. 22. Father of the prophet Urijah (Jer 26 [Gr. 33] >" BA So/ialat, N Ma«as). 23. A prophet at Babylon, o…
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C. "W. Wilson. SHENAZZAR(-re!<;si; BA Zaveaap, Luc. Zava(Tdp). — A sou of Jeconiah, 1 Ch 3". See, further, Sheshb.^zzar, SHEOL.— See Eschatology, Hades, and Hell. SHEPHAM(D9if'; 2eir^(l/«ip; 5epAn>na).— A place on the eastern botindary of the Promised Land (Nu 34'°- "), and apparently to the north of Kiblah, now Rib…
1,056 wordsSECTION 684Section 684
J. A. Selbie. SHESHAI (■;■?). — A clan, possibly of Aramaic origin, resident in Hebron at the time of the Hebrew coni|uest and driven thence by Caleb (Nu l,^-'^ n iifo-ffff, A Zefid ; Jos 15" B ±o,'<reL, A Soitrai; Jg l'" B :ie<rael, A reSei). See, further, AiiiM.vs, No. 1. SHESHAN {]t^).—A Jerahmeelite, who, having n…
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Assuming, now, that the two names designate two different men, was Sheshbazzar a foreigner or * Uulcsa one holds with Kosters that the list of names in this pa.Hsage really belongs to Nehemiob's time, and that the tirshttthd is Nehemiah himself. t Notably van Hoonacker {Zorobabel et le tfcond temple, 29 ff.; cf. his …
1,030 wordsSECTION 686Section 686
' O, let me live ! And all the secrets of our camp I'U show.' 3. To gh'e or do something to one — a natural exten- sion of the general sense cause to appear. Thus Ac 4^ ' The man was above forty years old, on whom this miracle of healing was shewed ' (Gr. ^e76i'ei, edd. 7e76cei, RV 'was wrought'); 24*' ' Felix, willin…
1,080 wordsSECTION 687Section 687
The table of shewbread has likewise in Hebrew a twofold nomenclature : in P cijn jnSc* ' the pres- ence-table ' (Nu 4'), but in Chronicles r;"iv,'SC "'=' (2 Ch 29") ; in both we also find ^^^5;n "d ' the pure table' (Lv 24", 2 Ch 13"), proljably because over- laid with pure cold. For other designations now disguised in…
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* See besides Stade. op, cit., the Commentaries of Klttel and Bcnzinger, esp, the latter's Introduction, p. xviff., where an intiTesting study will be fotind of the gradual growth of the accretions with which I Kiil"*-*! is now overgrown ; also Humey'l art. Kings in the present work, vol. il. m;i\ and his Holes 'on the…
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iv. Preparation OF THE Shewbread.— Accord- ing to the express testimony of Josephus {Ant. m. vi. 6), the Mishna, and later Jewish writers, the shewbread was unleavened. Nor does there seem to be anj- valid ground for the assertion, frequently made by recent writers, that it was otherwise in more primitive times. The ab…
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While, however, it must be admitted that the rite of the presence-bread had its origin in the circle of ideas just set forth, it is not less evident that, a.s taken up and preserved bj' the religious guides of Israel, the rite acquired a new and higher signilicance. Tlie bre.ad was no longer thought of as J"'8 food (" …
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l'"or ]iarallcls from European history see art. jEriiTiiAii, vol. ii. p. CU8 a. G. A. Cooke. SHIELD (or BUCKLER) is EV tr. in OT of the following Heb. words. 1. (Most commonly) 1:9 mdgin, a small round shield, a buckler ; the Gr * The exact relation between the two sounds is still undeter- mined ; see Ges.-Kautzsch, …
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In the one passage of the NT in which ' shield ' occurs, the word is metaphorically applied to Christian faith (Eph 6'° avaXa^ovra rbv dvpeiv t^i Tlareiiis, sumentes scutum fdci). In 1 Th 5' the apostle had urged his converts to put on OihpaKo. ttIotcus Ka.1 ayaiTTii, ' a coat of mail of faith and love ' (see Brea.stpl…
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SHILHIM {CT^^ ; LXX B Za\^, A 2fX«(/i ; Vulg. SiHm). — A town of .ludali, in the Ncgeb, or South, wliich is mentioned between Lebaoth and Ain (Jos 15'-). The site was unknown to Eusebius and .Jerome (Onom. s. ZaKtel, Selci), and has not yet been recovered. In the list of towns allotted to Simeon (Jos 19") its ])lace is…
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500 SHILOH SHILOH tines ; a pilgrimage is matle to it ' from year to year' (n:-?; d-C'D V2^' [of. P'] : so Ex 13", Jg 11** 21'*), for purposes of sacrilice, at the ' coming round of the days' (1» cf. Ex 34-=), i.e. at the arrival of the new year, when the pilgiimage of Ingathering (TCsjri in Ex. I.e.) was held ; Elk…
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Even as a title Shiloh cannot be legitimately supported. It has been taken as an abstract noun put for a concrete, ' till re.it (or a rest- or peace- giver) come.' This interpretation has been adopted by Vater, Justi, Rosenmiiller, Winer, Baumgarten- Crusius, Hengstenberg, Reinke, Gesenius (Lex.), Murphy, and others, t…
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ii. Other suggestions are — (1) 'Till tranquillity come.' This assumes the existence of a very possible n^cJ or rt'jii = peace. But it leaves tlio sentence without an explanation of 'iSi, and the parallelism sutlers. It has the support of Keuss, Knobel, Friedliinder. (2) ' Till he comes to peacefulness or a place of r…
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W. B. STEVtNSON. SHIMEI ('I'cp' ; B Zffieel always, A "Ze/j-ei always except in Samuel and Kings). — 1. Second son of Gershon, Ex 6", Nu 3i8- =', 1 Ch G" 23'- i». In Zee 12'^ ' the family of the Shimeites ' (ipvKTt tov '^vfj.suv) is specified merely as a typical instance of a division of the tribe of Levi, which would…
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SHIMEON d'ly??', the name that appears else- where as Simeon). — One of the sons of Harim, who had married a foreign wife, Ezr 10^' ; BA StyueuK, Luc. 'Lvy.fiiiv. SHIMON (iiD-i? ; B 'Ztiuiiv, A 2e^€iiip. Luc. 2a/i(). — The eponym of a Judahite family, 1 Ch 4". SHIMRATH SHIXAK 503 SHIMRATH (n^tl? ; BA Zaiiapde, Luc…
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One thing, liowever, is certain, and that is, that the Heb. Shinar to all appearance ro|)resents the whole of Babylonia, exceptmg the district of which Larsa was the capital (see above). This being the case, it corresponds with the Kingi-Uraof the non- Semitic texts, which is translated in the bilingual inscriptions by…
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generally wears a beard. Whether they regar led the licads of tlieir divinities as being shaved or not is uncertain, as they are commonly represented wearing hats. In connexion with this may be mentioned, that the frreab majority of the names of the deities of the Babylonian pantlieoa are non-Semitic, and thisshows wh…
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LnTRATCRR. — Radau, Early Babylonuzn ffUtftrtf ; Lenor- manl, f:iuda Accafli'-nnft, U. 3, p. 70; Schnider, KAT^ llSlt., AViViiwcAr. u. Qe^cUicktgforgchuiyj , 2^, 533; Weistibach, jiur Lofuitfj der Sumfriscften Fra^f, Lcijizij;, 1897 ; Piiicbes, * Lun- ffua^cs of the Early Inhabitant'^ of .Mesopotamia' in J HAS, 1S84, p…
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t Herod, i. 2, vii. 89. t Pliny, BX vli. M. i I'errot et Chipicz, UM. dt VArt, iii. 517. II Ceflnola, Cyprtu, pL xlv. H llawUiuoo, rhaenicia, 27S 506 SHIPS SHITEAI ramming.* Afterwards these were superseded by biremes, whicli were decked, liad masts and sails, and double banks of oarsmen. Later still, tri- remes,…
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E. Hull. SHISHA.— See Shavsha. SHISHAK (pe^T [in 1 K li"^, Keth. pf^o, J^lri p;''!;'j, ZovaaK(e)lii.). — Shishak is Sheshonk I., the first king of the 22nd or Bubastite Dynasty. He belonged to an important family of chiefs of Libyan mercenaries, who by degrees attained to very high position. His grandtather married a…
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G. E. PO.ST. SHITTIM (cryn always with def. art. 'the acacias,' see preceding article). — One of the limits of the camping-ground of the children of I.srael in the plains of Moab, Nu SS" (here only it is called AnKL-SHlTTlM). According to Nu 25' the anger of the Lord was there kindled against Lsrael for joining him.se…
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SHOBI Csy ; OiWjSfi ; Sobi).— From 2 S 17="- we learn that Shobi the son of Nahash of Kabbah of the children of Amnion, to^'ether with two other influential and wealthy landowners of the trans- Jordanic country, came to meet David, when lie fled from Absalom, at Mahanaim, bringing with them large quantities of stores a…
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3. ' Upon Edom will I cast my ihoe' (Ps 60*= lOS"). — From the context the leading idea in this expression appears to be Ihat oi tn Icing possession of oT claiming as one's uini. Possibly the casting of the shoe upon a piece of land may have been a legal symbol, similar to that considered above, of a claim to ownership…
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and Chapman, Odi/sscys, vi. 274 — 'Give my nakedness Some shroud to shelter it, if to these seas Linen or woollen you have brought to cleanse.* Bnt the meaning was soon restricted to clothing for the dead, a winding-sheet. So usually ia Shaks., as Love's Labour's Lost, V. iL 479 — * Die when you will, a smock shall …
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An inhabitant of Shunem is a Shunammite (n-SK' n'EjiB' ; B ZufiapelTis, A (in Kings generallj') -ovfxai'- (t7)5, Luc. Zu^a^irij), jjcrhaps .also called a Shnlam- mite (see SoNG OF SoNGS, p. 532*'). The vowel of the second syllable is in both cases a, as it is in the oldest spellings of the place-n.ime also (LXX and the…
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t Brumich, Uist. of Eiiypt, ed. IS91, p. 97 ; Sayce, EBH 187 ; Tnimbull, 46, 57. Dillni. also thinks it probable. J With representations (from Kamak) of Seti I. returning to il in triumph after his Syrian expedition, in the course of which he is said to have annihilated the Shasu (Bedawin) 'from the fortress of Ta-ru,…
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SHUSHAN EDUTH.— See Psalms, p. 155*. SHUTHELAH {nh:^>a; B SoirrdXa in Numbers, lijiBiXaB in 1 Chronicles ; A BuirovaaKa. and 9oi>- aoKa in Numbers, ^utidXa and '^uBiXe in 1 Chron- icles ; Vulg. Siit/iala ; gentilic name Shuthelah- ites "n^fv'C ; B 6 -om-aXael, A 6 Qoi'aaXal). — In Nu •2(335-37 (psj Shuthelah, Becher, …
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became the present saline morass (6 m. broad by 10 long), es-Sebkha," S. of the Dead Sea ;t a tradi- • The word ' Sebkha ' means salt and watery grouruL I Against the view that these cities were at the Sorth CDd of (ion of this prehistoric event is preserved in Gn 19, wlieie it is connected with the history of Lot I…
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J. H. Bernard. SIGNET. — In the e.arly days of civilization the art of writing w.is practically limited to a class of pro- fessional scribes. Every one outside that class, from the king downwards, needed a signet to authenticate the documents with which he was concerned. Hero- dotus, i. l'J.j, saj-s of the Babylonians,…
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614 SILAS SILAS assicmment of tlie laml in Nu 32**, Dt 1^ 3- " 4"- ■" 29" 31^ Jos 2'» 9'" 12- 13'»-!'>- =", 1 K 4^^ Nell 9-, Ps 135" 13(5". ' Silioii ' in Jer 48" is in parallelism with ' Heshbon,' and equivalent to tlie city of Sihon. In tliese passages the name of Sihon occurs almost invariably in close connexion…
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It is higlily probable, although not certain, that the SUas or Silvanus who was St. Paul's associate is the Silvanus referred to in 1 P 5'- as the bearer § of St. Peter's Epistle from Rome II to the Christians of Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia. The separation of Silas from St. Paul would naturally lead…
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Excepting the statement in Neh 3" that the wall of the ' pool of the Shelah ' was close to the king's gardens, which were on the south side of Jerusalem, and the fair inference that the wall of the pool formed part of the fortifications of the • Shelah Is pomlbly a oomipt form of the earlier ShUDai, due to a change in…
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Excavation has shown tliat the present BirJcet Silwdn has been constructed witliin the limits of the ancient pool of Siloam. The original pool measured 71 it. from N. to S. and 75 ft. from E. to W., and was for the most part excavated in the rock. A flight of rock-hewn steps led do^vn to it from the city, and it could …
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After the capture of Jerusalem by the Arabs a village sprang up in the valley below the pool. In 1047 Nasir-i-Khusrau found an endowed hospital, with salaried ph,vsicians, and man.v build- ings, erected for charitable purposes, near the spring. Karly in the 12th cent, there was a small monasterv at Siloam, but about 13…
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nacle (sockets, fillets, hooks, etc.), of the trumpets of the priests, and of many of the sacred ve-ssels of the temple. Vessels of silver were a form of votive ottering (Nu T passim), and were part of tho furniture of wealthj' private houses (2 Ti 2^). Josephs divining cup was of silver ((in 44^-). This metAl was used…
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2. The great-grandfather of Judas MaccabiBns, 1 Mac 2'. 3. An ancestor of Jesus, Lk S^". 4. The 'righteous and devout' (6(/coios xal cuXa/?^!) man who took the infant Jesus in his arms and blessed Him, on the occasion of the presentation in the temple (Lk ^''■). The notion that this Simeon is to be identified with a Ra…
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The early decadence of this tribe is implied also in the priestly narrative of the Hexateuch, for while at the nrst census (Nu 1^) Simeon counted 59,300, at tlie second (26") it had fallen to 22,200. Knowing the methods and the motives of the Chronicler, we can of course attach no import- ance to his introducing the tr…
915 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain historical reference work (1898–1905); OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.