PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 10
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,500,482 words · 1483 reading sections
Section 181
A. V. " shaft''), doubtless flaring or enlarged at the bot- tom, for a secure foot. From each side of this went olf (apparently opposite each other, and at equal intervals), three arms (D"^3p, kanim, reeds, "branches"), having each along their course three almond-shaped calyces (D'^"^25, ^eft/iOT, c;/ps, " bowls"), one…
1,144 wordsSECTION 182Section 182
2. The structure of the tabernacle was obviously de- termined by a complex and profound symbolism, but its meaning remains one of the things at which we can but dimly guess. No interpretation is given in the law itself. The explanations of Jewish writers long after- wards are manifestly wide of the mark. Tliat which me…
1,083 wordsSECTION 183Section 183
The material, not less than the forms, in the holy of holies was significant. The acacia or shittim-wood, least liable of woods then accessible to decay, might well represent the imperishableness of divine truth, of the laws of duty (Biihr, Sgiuhol. i, 286). Ark, mercy- seat, cherubim, the ver\' walls, were all overlai…
984 wordsSECTION 184Section 184
From all others, from the high-priest at all other times, the holy of holies was shrouded by the heavy vail, bright with many colors and strange forms, even as curtains of golden tissue were to be seen hanging before the adytum of an Egyptian temple, a strange contrast often to the bestial form beiiind them (Clem. Al. …
932 wordsSECTION 185Section 185
(3.) Outside the tent, but still within the consecrated precincts, was the court, fenced in by an enclosure, yet TABERNACLE HI TABERNACLE open to all the congregation as well as to the Levites, those only excepted who were ceremonially unclean. No Gentile might pass beyond the curtains of the en- trance, but every …
1,116 wordsSECTION 186Section 186
3. It will have been clear from all that has been said that the Epistle to the Hebrews has not been looked on as designed to limit our inquiry into the meaning of the symbolism of the tabernacle, and that there is con- sequently no ground for adopting the sj-stem of inter- preters who can see in it nothing but an aggre…
915 wordsSECTION 187Section 187
(1.) Under the Old-Test, economy, the primary idea of the tabernacle was that of a dwelling for Jehovah in the midst of his people, and this was prominently kept in view in all tlie arrangements concerning the con- struction and location of the structure. "Let them," said (iod to Moses, " make me a sanctuary that I may…
907 wordsSECTION 188Section 188
TABERNACLE 143 TABERNACLE ,ijwith this, the writer of the Epistle to the Hebrews teaches (as above seen) us to regard the outer part of the tabernacle as more strictly typical of the person of Jesus Christ, and the inner of heaven, into which he has now entered. Thus he speaks of him (viii, '2) as now, in the heaven…
955 wordsSECTION 189Section 189
Some of these objections — those, e. g., as to the num- ber of the first-born, and the disproportionate smallness of the priesthood, have been met by anticipation in re- marks under Puiest and Levite. Others bearing upon the general veracity of the Pentateuch history it is im- possible to discuss here. See PENTArEucir.…
900 wordsSECTION 190Section 190
The objection raised against the truthfulness of the narrative (Colenso, ihul. ch. vii) on the ground that the entire congregation of 600,000 is said to have been con- vened at the door of this small structure (Lev. viii) is readily obviated by the natural interpretation that oidy the principal persons stood immediatel…
1,011 wordsSECTION 191Section 191
The following are the principal passages in the Penta- teuch which refer to this festival : Exod. xxiii, IG, where it is spoken of as the Feast of Ingathering, and is brought into connection with the otlier festivals under their ag- ricultural designations, the Feast of Unleavened Bread and the Feast of Harvest; Lev. x…
1,082 wordsSECTION 192Section 192
At the conclusion of the seventh daj' another festival is to be celebrated, denominated the concluding day (CT' TTi'^'J), the eighth concluding day {Vi'^'^V_ '^D"''Cd ; Sept. 6^(1^101^). Like the first day, it is to be a holy convo- cation, and no manner of work is to be done on it. As it is not only the finishing of t…
964 wordsSECTION 193Section 193
The four species of vegetable productions to be used during prayer (Lev. xxiii, 39, 40) are the next distinc- tive feature of this festival, to which the ancient doctors of the law before the time of Christ devoted much at- tention. These are — 1. '' The fruits of the goodly tree" ("lin yS "^"12). As the phrase goodly …
973 wordsSECTION 194Section 194
\Ath of Tishri was the Preparation Day (DT^ 3"^^ D1^ =7rapa(T)C£i'»'/). The pilgrims came up to Jerusa- lem on the day previous to the commencement of the festival, when they prepared everything necessary for its solemn observance. The priests proclaimed the ap- proach of the holy convocation on the eve of this day by …
1,081 wordsSECTION 195Section 195
lC)th-20th of Tishri. — These days were half-holydays; they were called the middle days of the festival (3"n T"T72 ~ fiinoi<ai]i; tTjc iopTi)c, John vii, 14), or the lesser festival ("|u3p T"1?3). Any articles of food or raiment TABERNACLES, FEAST OF 148 TABERNACLES, FEAST OF required for immediate use were allowed t…
987 wordsSECTION 196Section 196
The mode in which the sacrifices were oft'ered in the middle days of the festival, the use of the palm and the citron, the procession round the altar, etc., were simply a repetition of the first day of the festival, with this ex- ception, however, that the number of animals diminish- ed daily, according to the prescrip…
909 wordsSECTION 197Section 197
It only remains to be added, that when the Feast of Tabernacles fell on a Sabbatical year (q. v.) the reading of portions of the law (Deut. xxxi, 10-13) was after- wards confined to one book of the Pentateuch. This arose from the multiplication of synagogues, in which the law was read every week, thus rendering it less…
1,082 wordsSECTION 198Section 198
TABERNACLES, FEAST OF 150 TABERNACLES, FEAST OF the following prayer: "Blessed art thou, O Lord our (Jod, King of the universe, wlio hast sanctified us with thy commandments, and hast enjoined us to take the palm-branch !'' Thereupon each one turns his citron upside-down and waves his palm-branch three times towards t…
1,131 wordsSECTION 199Section 199
On the following morning the Jews again resort to the synagogue, recite the Hallel after the Eighteen Ben- edictions, empty the ark of all its scrolls, put a lighted candle into it, form themselves into a procession, and with the scrolls in their hands, and amid jubilant songs, go round the reading-desk. This being ove…
900 wordsSECTION 200Section 200
Philo saw in this feast a witness for the original equal- ity of all the members of the chosen race. All, during the week, poor and rich, the inhabitant alike of the pal- ace and the hovel, lived in huts which, in strictness, were to be of the plainest and most ordinary materials and construction. From this point of vi…
945 wordsSECTION 201Section 201
Table is the rendering in the A. Y. usually of "H? w\ shulchdn (New Test. rpciTn'^a, likewise invariably so translated, except Luke xix, 23 ["bank"]; Acts xvi, 34 ["meat"]), so called from being extended (HpT; comp. Homer, Od. x, 37; and see I'sa. Ixix, 23), and denoting especially a table spread with food (Judg. i, 7 …
1,004 wordsSECTION 202Section 202
TABLE 153 TABLE ther, De Duabus Tahulis Lapideis (Regiom. 1679); Mi- chaelis, De Tub. Fad. ffioiibus (Vitemb. 1719). TABLE, the name given to the supreme ecclesiasti- cal court of the Waldeusian Cliurch (q. v.). TABLE, Cueup:nce, a small side -table, commonly placed on the south side of the altar, for tlie altar b…
1,060 wordsSECTION 203Section 203
Wine also was placed upon the table of shew-bread in bowls, some larger, riirp, and some smaller, MISS; also in vessels that were covered, nilbp, and in cups, ni'i53'a, which were probably employed in pouring in and taking out the wine from the other vessels, or in making libations. Gesenius calls them " paterae libato…
924 wordsSECTION 204Section 204
TABOK 155 TABOR Mouui i\iboi, tioiu the West. (Fiom jl photogiaph.) B| vvliere the harvest is beginning to ripen or is already ripe; and others green, being covered with grass or springing grain. As they are contiguous to each other, or intermixed, these parti -colored plots present, as looked down upon from above,…
1,094 wordsSECTION 205Section 205
TABOR 150 TABOR tion, and appropriates as his own the language of the psahnist (Ixxxix, 11, 12) — "The heavens are thine, the earth nlso is thine; The world and the fulness thereof, ihou hast founded them. The north and the sonth thou hast created theni; Tabor and Harmon shall rejoice in thy name." 2. History. — …
1,295 wordsSECTION 206Section 206
Some Church trailitions have given also to Tabor the honor of being Melchizedek's hill, from which he came forth to greet Abraham, so that here is another king's dale, rivalling that at Gerizim, if tradition is to be fol- lowed. The whole legend will be found at full length in Athanasius (0pp. ii, 7 [Colon. 1()80]). Th…
947 wordsSECTION 207Section 207
Tabret (a contraction of tahoret, for " taboring" [see Tabeu]) is the rendering in the A. V. of the two kin- dred words t\t\, toph (Gen. xxxi, 27; 1 Sam. x, 5; xviii, 6; Isa. v, 12; xxiv, 8; xxx, 32; Jer. xxxi, 4; Modern Oriental lustruineuts of the Drum kind. Ezek. xxviii, 13; elsewhere "timbrel") and nsin. to- phet…
913 wordsSECTION 208Section 208
" hooks formed could in no case Fer<'us80u. have well tallied with this posi- tion : had they been stretched lengthwise of the building (as their close correspondence in length would indicate), the joint also would have been in the same direction, i. e. at right angles with the line of the vail ; if crosswise of the bu…
972 wordsSECTION 209Section 209
1. Classical Identification. — There is no reasonable doubt that this city is the same as the one known to the Greeks and Romans and to modern Europe by the name, in some form or other, of Palmyra (WaXfivpa, YldK^iipd, Palmira). The identity of the two cities re- sults from the following circumstances: (1.) The same ci…
980 wordsSECTION 210Section 210
TADMOR 160 TADMOR the northern barbarians, who now began their incur- sions into the llimian eiii|iirc, I'elt tlie force of his arms. Otlenatlius beiiueatlieil his power to a worthy suc- cessor— Zenobia. his willow; and the names of Zenobia and Pahnyra will always be assowated so king as histo- ry remains. The virt…
1,036 wordsSECTION 211Section 211
3. P?-esent Remains. — Tadmor was situated between the Euphrates and Hamath, to the south-east of that city, in a fertile tract or oasis of the desert. Palm- trees are still found in the gardens around the town, but not in such immbers as would warrant, as they once did. the impos'ition of the name. The present Tadmor …
971 wordsSECTION 212Section 212
The necropolis of Palmyra lies half an hour north- west of the Temple of the Sun, in the Wady el-Kebiir, the ravine through which we made our approach to the city. The tombs, which are very numerous and ex- tremely interesting, are almost all of them towers, two, three, four, and in one instance five stories high. The …
954 wordsSECTION 213Section 213
Ta'han (Heb. Tach'an, "inp, camp [Gesenius], or r/racinusness [Flirst]), the name of two descendants of Ephraim. 1. (Sept. Tni'ax v. r. Tarat; Vulg. Thehen.) The head of one of the families of the Ephraimites at the end of the Exode (Numb, xxvi, 35). B.C. ante 1618. See Taiianite. 2. (Sept. Qakv v. r. Qaav\ Vulg. Tha…
1,204 wordsSECTION 214Section 214
TAHPENES 164 TALBOT served that the Camps, ra "S-TparutrtCa, the fixed gar- rison of loiiiaiis and Carians established b}- Psam- metichus 1, may possibl}' liave been at Daplina\ — Smith. Tah'penes (Heb. Tachpeneys', CI SHri, evidently of Egyptian origin, bnt uncertain in its sigiiitication [see Tahpanhes] ; Sept. t…
1,039 wordsSECTION 215Section 215
Talapoins, priests or friars of the Siamese and other Indian nations. The}' reside in monasteries under the superintendence of a superior, whom they call a Sanerat. Celibacy is obligator}- upon them, and a breach of chastity in the case of any one of tliem is punished with death. They perform penance for such of the pe…
1,033 wordsSECTION 216Section 216
lent to 3000 shekels of the sanctuary (Schmidt, Bihl. Mathem. p. 183; Biickh, Metrol. Unters. p. 55). See Shekel. As the mina (q. v.) consisted of 50 sacred shekels, it follows that the talent was equal to 60 mi- HfB, just as the Attic talent had 60 mlnaj. — Winer. See Metrology. TALENT figuratively signifies any gift…
1,001 wordsSECTION 217Section 217
Talleyrand (de PEincoitD), Elie, a French prel- ate, was born at Perigueux in 1301, and was educated for the priesthood at the school of St. Front in that town. He became successively archdeacon of Peri- gueu.x, dean of Richmond (diocese of York), abbot of Chancelas, and (Oct. 10, 1324) bishop of Limoges, al- though he…
912 wordsSECTION 218Section 218
Talmud ("Ilwbri, talmuJ, doctrine; from "Ip^, "to teach"). The Talmud, "that wonderful monument of human industry, human wisdom, and human folly" Olilman), is the work which embodies the canonical an<l civil laws of the .Tews. It consists of a Mishna (([. V.) as text, and a voluminous collection of commen- Supposed Eg…
917 wordsSECTION 219Section 219
2. Halakah {I'lZ'^fi), the usages and customs of Juda- ism, as sanctioned and confirmed by time and general ac- quiescence. 3. Dibrey Chakamlm {W^TZ^n '^111), law principles of the wise men or sages, i. e. the ancient, and at that time tlie more recent, teachers, to whose decisions the people's respect for them gave a…
909 wordsSECTION 220Section 220
With unexampled assiduity did they seek after or in- vent obscurities and ambiguities, which continually fur- nished pretexts for new expositions and illustrations, the art of clouding texts in themselves clear having proved ever less difficult than that of elucidating pas- sages the words or the sense of which might b…
1,036 wordsSECTION 221Section 221
In style the Mishna is remarkable for its extreme conciseness, and the Gemara is written upon the same model, though not so frequently obscure. The prevail- ing principle of the composition seems to have been the employment of the fewest words, thus rendering the work a constant brachylogy. A phrase becomes a focus of …
908 wordsSECTION 222Section 222
15. The accord, or illJiir, " series," a catena or line of Talmudic teachers, cited against a given proposition. IC. Siigia, X^SID, means the proper nature of a thing. By this word the Gemara refers to itself with regard to its own properties and characteristics. 17. HilkatJia, XTSPil, is the ultimate conclusion on a…
929 wordsSECTION 223Section 223
God is rei)resented as needinir a sacrifice to atone for himself. R. Shimeon, the son of Pazi, asked. It is written, "And God made two great lights;" and again, the great- er light and the lesser light ; how does this agree ? .4 ns. The moon said to the Holy One, V)lessed be he — Lord of the universe, is it possible fo…
919 wordsSECTION 224Section 224
R. Joshua, the son of Levi, says. When Moses came down from the presence of God, Satan appeared before him and said. Lord of the uinverse, where is the law? God replied, I have given it to the earth. He went to the earth and asked. Where is the law ? The earth answered, God understandeth the way thereof (Job xxviii, 23…
1,156 wordsSECTION 225Section 225
clothes and ran away. He also says, I fulfilled in my- self these words : ' Wisdom gives life to them tliat have it' (Eccles. vi, 12). In case of a bite the man will die ; what, tlieu, is the remedy? Abai says lie must take the skin of a male adder and write upon it these words: ' I, M., the son of the woman N., upon t…
966 wordsSECTION 226Section 226
The writer accuses ( p. 4 of the American reprint, contained in the Literary Remains [X. V. 11-I74J) the investigators of the Talmud of mistaking the grimy stone caricatures over our cathedrals for the gleaming statues of the saints within. But, entering into the ca- thedrals of the Talmud and beholding these saints, w…
1,090 wordsSECTION 227Section 227
The writer in the Quarterly, while loudly praising the humane spirit which, as he tells us, pervades the "system and institutions set forth in the Talmud," en- deavors at the same time to apologize for those parts of the Talmud which contain, as he admits (p. 12), " gross oflFences against modern taste," by felling us …
1,108 wordsSECTION 228Section 228
piled by R. Aaron Pisaurensis, or Pesaro (q. v.), which contains an index of all the passages of Holy Writ quoted in the Talmud, will make good our assertion. Passing over some minor points, such as on astronomy or mathematics or the science of interpretation of dreams (a tilthy specimen of the latter is especially giv…
1,201 wordsSECTION 229Section 229
"When the masters of the law entered and left the aculeniy, thev used to offer up a short but fervent pr.iyer; a praver of t'hauks that they had been a hie to carry out their "task thus far, and a prayer, further, that no evil inii;ht arise at their hands, that Iliey iiiiLrht not have fall- en into error, that Ihey mig…
1,107 wordsSECTION 230Section 230
Dr. !Milman, in his History of ihe Jews (iii, 13), says: "The reader, at each successive extract from this extraor- dinary compilation (i.e. the Talmud), he.-ritates whether to adnure the vein of jirofound allegorical truth and the pleasini; moral apologue, to smile at the monstrous ex- iiavasance, or to shudder at th…
1,025 wordsSECTION 231Section 231
IV. Contents. — The six Sedarim, or orders, of which the Mishua is composed are also found in the Talmud, and the following is an analysis of the contents of each tractate of the si.K orders: I. Cl'^riT mo, fieder Zeraim (Seeds). This Seder contains the following eleven tractates: 1. n3~i2, Dcrakoth, or the treatise…
1,005 wordsSECTION 232Section 232
5. r\^V'''2'^, Slu'hiith, or the Sabbatical iirar, in ten chap- ters: a. •b'^xn m'ra 'p'riin "rr-'X nr, of fields with trees, and how long they may be cultivated in the sixth year (8 sections). 6. "pbn tlTwi n N ", of open fields, and what may be done in them till the beginning of the seventh year (10 sections), c. ""…
941 wordsSECTION 233Section 233
11. d"'11D3, Bikkuriin, or first-fruits, in four chapters: a. "pX'^ma llJ^, who is not entitled to offer the first-fruits, or who can off"er them without obseiving the formula pre- scribed (Deut. xxvi, 3); of what and when they are to be oftered or repaid (11 sections), h. D'^llw^tn rTQlirtl, of the difl'erence of the …
1,023 wordsSECTION 234Section 234
13. ■pmij', Enibin, or mingling, in ten chapters, deals with those ceremonies by which the Sabbath boundary was extended; "mingling" a whole town into one ticti- ticius yard, so that carrying within it should not be unlaw- ful : «. ■'IS^, concerning the entry to an alley (10 sections). b. "pD3 "plU1",concerningeuclosur…
1,057 wordsSECTION 235Section 235
19. nD'Cn 2<"N"t, Hash IJanh-nhrmah, or Sew-near, in four chapters: a. C^SO "^ITX"! nriZIX, ofthe fourNew-years (9 sections), h. "|D'^N DX, of examining witnesses who witnessed the new moon, and of announcing it on the top of the mountains by lire (9 sections), c. imX"l, of an- nouncing the new moon and new year with c…
961 wordsSECTION 236Section 236
III. d''t"3 H'O , fieder yashim (W omew). This feeder is composed of seven treatises, viz. : 24. mTOS"^, Yebamoth, enters into the minutest de- tails as to the peculiar Jewish precept of yibhutri, or the obligation of marrying the childless widow of a brother, with the alternative disgrace of the performance of the cU…
1,043 wordsSECTION 237Section 237
26. □"i"l"13, Ncdarim, or vows, in eleven chapters: a. "''^'IID 73, of the expressions for vows, since a person is obliged to keep them, even if the words were wronglv and not correctly pronounced (4 sections). 6. "p^nT^ 1?X1, what words do not constitute a vow ; how they are to be distinguished from an oath ; what res…
923 wordsSECTION 238Section 238
TALMUD 180 TALMUD in her scandalous behavior, for it is said (Deut. xxiv, I), 'Because he found iu her some unclennness ;' but the school of Ilillel says, 'Even if she spoiled His food, be- cause it ia said some uncleaiiuess.' li. Akiba suys, ' Eveu if he found one handsomer than she, for it is said, if it happen th…
1,130 wordsSECTION 239Section 239
35. mso, Makkoth, or stripes, in three chapters, treats of corporal punishments: a. W1l"n "t^'^D, in what cases false witnesses are inflicted with the stripes, and of the mode of procedure against false witnesses in general (10 sections), b. 'n IPX, of unintentional murders, and the cities of refuge (8 sections), c. "i…
947 wordsSECTION 240Section 240
V. D^'Olp "ilD, Seder Kodashim (Consecrations). This Seder contains eleven tractates: 41. D^nST, Zebachim, or sacrifices, in nineteen chapters: a. □"^n^Tn ?3, in how far every sacrifice must be regard- ed with the intention that it shall be such a sacrifice (4 sec- tions), b. snpiri ninntn h^, and c •j-'biosn bo, how…
1,008 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
Project Gutenberg source record →
Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.