PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 10
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,500,482 words · 1483 reading sections
Section 961
(2.) Tense-forms of Verbs. — (a.) Of the same verb: Luke i, 31, o-i»XX7jjlii^»; (A, B, X, C, D) ; James iii, 1, Xriji- \poixt^a (A, B, X, C), Xri^pofiESra (K, L, P) ; John ix, 10, r]vewx^>]<^av (B, X, C, D, E, F, G, H, L, M, X), aveo)- X^n'^av (A, K, U, H) ; Acts xii, 10, ryvoiy}] (A, B, X, D), nvoix^t] (E, H, L, P) ; …
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(9.) Change in the order of words; a numerous class, as may be seen on almost any page of Scrivener's iXo- viini Testnmentiun (in the Cambridge classics). Many of these variations differ from each other no more than the English phrases "^neas by name" and "by name iEneas" (Acts ix, 33); "went up straiglUway" and "strai…
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VARIOUS READINGS 23 VARIOUS READINGS S'vfiTjffai avrt]g (X^ M) ; xv, 32, rj^Epai rpuQ (B, C, D, F, G, H, K, L, M, P, S, U, V ), r]fitpac rpeig ( X, E ) ; Rev. iv, 1, Xeywi' (A, B, N), Xiyovaa (X^ T) ; ver. 8, \t- yovTEQ (A, B, N, P), Xfyorra (in the cursives) ; xi, 4, ICTTIOTIQ (A, B, X, C), i(TTM(Jal (X"^, P). (2…
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Assimilation, so called, of the gospels occurs, especial- ly of the synoptic gospels. This arose from the habit of noting in the margin of one gospel the words of an- other for comparison, illustration, or a more fidl and sat- isfactory statement. In Matt, xxv, 13, at the close of the parable of the ten virgins, the Sa…
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Of variations on doctrinal grounds, or in favor of cur- rent opinions, no decisive case has been adduced; yet subjective considerations might influence the choice among different extant readings. In Acts xx,28 is the reading iKKkrjruai' tov Qiov (B, X) for tKK\i]mav tov Kvpiov of A, C, D, E. The former being, as Meyer …
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VARIOUS READINGS 725 VARIOUS READINGS creasing the collection of various readings from MSS. not before or imperfectU' collated. With the labors of Griesbach (^j/mfio/fls Criticce. [1785-93]; Neiv Tent, ['id ed. 1796-1806]) began thestrictlycriticaltreatmentof the text itself, then for the first time corrected throug…
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Abbreviations were usuallj^ made bj' writing the first letter of a word and appending a small stroke or two to indicate the omission of some letters. Hence the omis- sion was sometimes erroneously supplied, or the abbre- viated word was considered complete in itself. Thus, mni was shortened into 1 or 1. In Isa. xlii, 1…
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among them were Isaac Yossius, W. Whiston, J. Morinus, etc., who again were refuted by Carpzov, De Muis, Teg- lor, Boote, Cocceius, (irabe, Trigland. Bellarmine, H. Si- mon, (ilassius, Capellus, and a host of others, who, exam- ining the question sine slinlio et ira, were not apt to kt their sober reason run astray. T…
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Vartabeds, an order of celibate priests in the Ar- menian Church (ij. v.), who are attached to the churches as preachers (the married priests do not usually preach), and from among whom the bishops and higher clergy are taken. It is a degree of honor corresponding very nearly to our doctor of divinity, and is given wit…
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Vash'ni (Heb. Vashni', ''J'dl, my strength, or strong; Sept, Sari; Vulg. Vasseni) , the. first-born of Samuel ac- cording to 1 Chron. vi, 28 [Heb. 13] ; but 1 Sam. viii, 2 shows that the true reading should be "^3^1, " the sec- ond," and that the name of Joel, the eldest son, has dropped out. See Samus;l. Vash'ti (Heb…
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Vassar, MattheTW, a well-known layman of the Baptist dciiominatidn. and founder of the college for fe- males which bears his name, was born in East Dereham, Tuddeniram Parish, County of Norfolk, England, April 29, 1792. In 1796 his father came to America, and took up his residence at Wappinger's Creek, near Pough- keep…
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idioms of the Hebrew language. See the Biographic Unio€rsdle,\s.v\\, bij^ sq. ; Jticher, Gelehrten- Lexikon (Col. 1466), vol. iv. The latter refers to Adam, \'ilie Eruditorum; Samarthan, Elogia Gallorum; Teissier, Eloges des Sarans ; and Blount, Censura Celebriuiu Auctorum, as his sources. — Herzog, Real- Encyklop. s. …
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The Scala Ferjia, the great staircase by Bernini, con- sists of two flights; the lower decorated with Ionic col- umns, and the upper with pilasters. It leads from the extremity of the right-hand portico of Bernini to the Sala Rer/ia built during the pontificate of Paul III, as a hall of audience for the ambassadors, an…
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The management of the council was entirely in the hands of the pope and his cardinals and advisers. The proceedings were entirely in Latin, the official language of the Roman Catholic Church. The subjects for con- sideration were classitied under four heads, or divisions, and each division assigned to a conyregatio, or…
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aiuupTtijXuiv ovK hart] \ Knt kirt Ka^trbpav \otfiwv ovK t^Ka^ityi \ aX\ r) ey tw i/o/xci) Kv to ecXr^fia uvtv \ Kr'tt ti/ t/Tj vofjua avrov Mf ^eTl)^T6 I hfj^ipaa Kat vvKToa \ Kai 'tarai ua to fi'Xoi- to ne^vTev), taken from Sylvestre'p/ac-jsii/ijVf, No. 6(1, to tile im- perfection of which some of the errors in spel…
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VAUGHAN 733 VAULT ship of Lancashire Independent College. Dr. Vanghan died at Torquay, June 15, 18G8. The following are his published works: The Life of Wi/cHffe: — Memorials of the Stuai-t DynaMy : — Relir/ious Parties in England: — Congregationalism and Modern Society: — The Mod- ern Pulpit: — Revolutions in Engli…
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Decorated vaults, for the most part, differ but little from those of the preceding style. The longitudinal and transverse ribs are occasionally, but not often, omitted, and the number of those on the surface of the vaulting is sometimes increased ; and in some examples ribs are Westminstei Abbe\, on. l.ou. VAULTING-S…
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VECHNER ^35 VEDA merely gained him his bread, and joined the army. When the army disbanded he returned to painting again for a time, then became a merchant, and tinally threw away his time and money in the vain pnrsuit of alchemy. His best wt>rks are, The TransJujiiraHon, in the Church of San Salvatore at Venice : —…
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The only recension in which the Sanhita of the Rig- veda has been preserved to us is that of the Sakala school; and the hymns are arranged according either to the material bulk or their authorship. According to the former arrangement, the whole Sanhita consists of 8 ashtakas, or eights; these are divided into 64 adhy- …
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Ve'dau ("Tl, !>(/««,• Sept. omits, but some copies have A«j', others AcCtif ; Vulg. Dan et ; A. V. "Dan also"), an Arabian city, whence wrought iron, cassia, and calamus were brought to Tyre (Ezek. xxvii. 19). The Javan mentioned in the same connection apparent- ly designates Jawan, a town in Yemen, and Vedan jirob- ab…
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Vedius, or Vejovis, in Roman mythology, was an adciptt'd gml of the Tuscans, of dangerous activity. His frightful thiMiderbolts were precedetl by deafness to I hose whom they would strike. His temjjle was at Home, between the Capitoliiun and the Tarpoian castle. His statue represented a youthful god armed with arrows. …
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5. Massekdh (n3S"5, fr'"^ ~\r'^i '" screen) is a gen- eral term for a covering of any kind (" vail," Isa. xxv, 7; "covering," xxviii, 20). 6. The words D''2"'> HSIOS, kesuth eyndyim, literally rendered "a covering of the eyes" (Gen. xx, 16), are rendered by some interpreters " a veil for the eyes," i. e. a complete ve…
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consisted of a num- An Ei:ypti:in Woman Veiled with bcr of strings of hair ~" the Milayah. ■%. '•^ VEIL i39 VEIL, ECCLESIASTICAL reaching to the bottom of the shoulder-blades, the ends being left loose, or with two or three plaits fastened to- gether at the extremity by woollen strings of corre- sponding color (Wi…
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8. A cloth called the white himis, shot with red thread in memory of Christ's Passion, was worn like a crown, to preserve; the chrism, by the baptized, and was laid aside with the alb. It fell into disuse in 1090, when the chrism was w^iped off with some light mate- rial like silk. 9. At a solemn high-mass the subdeac…
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Kirche, p. 53 ; Wolf, Bihl. Ilehr. i, 1007 ; iii, 973 ; iv, 964. See I^LVEIL. 2. Loiis RE Co:MiMtx;NE, brother of the former, was called under Louis XIll as rabbi to Compii'gne, where lie embraced Christ iainty, in 1655. He studied theol- ogy at the Sorbonne, and afterwards went to England, where he became librarian t…
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Velasco, Cristobal de, a Spanish painter, was a native of Toledo. He received instruction from his father, whose precepts he followed. In 1598 and fol- lowing years he did some painting for the archduke Albert and Philip III. See Spooner, Biog. Hist, of the Fine A rts, s. v. Velasco, Matias de, a Spanish painter, son …
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VENANTIUS 742 VENETA VEllSIO He then supplied the Church at Paris, 111., from Oct. 1, ISJ'.l. until Dec. 1. 1841. At the hitter date, lie founded the Edgar Female Academy at I'aris, and devoted his time and labors wholly thereto until 1850. This acad- emy grew and iiourished, expanding into the Edgar Collegiate Inst…
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Venema, Herman, D.D., a learned Dutch divine, was burn at Wildervank in 1(J97. He was successively pastor at Dronryp, and professor of theology and uni- versit}' preacher at Franeker. He died in 1787. He was a voluminous writer in all departments of sacred science. He published, Institutiones fJistoi'iw Ecclesiee Veter…
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0opuTttVaTu=Di?1P5, Lev. xxvi, 30. xuXa?(i)Toc=Ti2, Gen. xxxi, 10. \|<(;xiiju"=^nS0T3, Lev. xiii, 7, S. .(L(r;Ma=nm^, Prov. xxvi, 28. <iTo:^6T(;a)='"p'tXrT, Gen. iv, 23. Resides these words, the number of which could greatly be increased, there are peculiarities in the pronunciation of the Hebrew alphabet, especial…
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Vengeance (Or. iMkij), the heathen goddess of retribution (Lat. Justitia), described as the daughter of Zeus (Hesiod, Op. 266) and Themis {Theog. 902) and the coadjutor (Trapadpog) of the former (Sophoc. (Jul. Col. 1384; Arrian, Alex, iv, 9; see Montfaucon, Antiq. I, ii, 8). The punishment of murderers is particularly …
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This hymn has been translated repeatedly into Eng- lish and German. The following in English is a free rendering by an unknown hand, first introduced into the office for the ordination of priests upon the revision of the liturgy of the Church of England in 1GC)"2, and runs thus : "Come, Holy Ghost, our sonls inspire A…
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VENIA V46 VENNING share in its translation; and thus, as early as 1541, ' it was translated by Witzel : Komm, heilhjer Geut, j wahrer Gott, and has ever since found its admirers. (B. P.) Venia {faroi-) is an ancient term, signifyint;- a mo- nastic liikeii ol' reverence, respect, or greeting, with whicli strangers a…
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Venn, Henry, a pious clergyman of the Church of England, was born at Barnes, Surrey, March 2, 1724. He was descended from a long line of ancestry- who had been clergymen in the English Church, and was early destined by his parents to perpetuate the succes- sion. Accordingly, he was educated at Bristol and at Jesus Col…
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Venus, the goddess of (sexual) love among the Ro- mans, corresponding to Aphrodite among the (ireeks, and in later rimes confounded with the Oriental deities represented by Mylitta, Ashtoreth (q. v.),etc. The popu- lar myths concerning her origin are various. By some she is represented as the daughter of .Jupiter and D…
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Veracini, A<;ostixo, a Florentine painter of the 18th century, studied under Sebastiano Kicci. He ex- ecuted some works for the churches of Florence, which gained him considerable reputation. He died in 1762. See Spooner, Bio</. flist. of the Fine A )i.<, s. v. Veracity of God is his truth, or an exact corre- sponden…
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Verbryck, Samuel, one of the progressive clergy- men of the Reformed (Dutch) Church in America, who established its independence of the Church in Holland, studied under dominies Leydt, Goetschius, and Vander- linde. He was licensed bj' the CcEtiis, or American Classis, in 1749, and was settled at Tappan and New Hempste…
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Verga, Solomon Ibn-, a Jewish historian, was born in Spain in 1450, where he practiced medicine. He is the autlior of min^ :33i:3, the Sceptre ofJudah, a Jew- ish history, composed in part from notes left by his father, and afterwards continued by his son, rabbi Joseph ben- Solomon, of Adrianople. The book itself tells…
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VERGIL V51 VERMEULE ceding his adherence to the Reformation, he yet declares that the truth must be defended despite every inquisi- tion. He then went to Basle. His brother had previ- ously died, probably of poison. The earliest tield of Protestant labor for Vergerins was the villages in the Yeltlin, in the Orisons…
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Veri, Anthony. See Ver.jus, Antoixe. Veringer, Andreas, a Protestant theologian of Germany, was born at Herrenbcrg, Wiirtemberg, in the year 1553. In 1588 he was appointed deacon at his na- tive place; was called in 1590 as pastor to Chemnitz, in Hungary, and in 1595 to Feldsperg, in Austria. When the Lutherans had to…
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was learned, acute, clear, and precise in expression, mild and amiable in his manners; he possessed a pure and classical Latin style and a vivid elotpience. In theology he became a pronounced predestinarian; with respect to the sacraments, he adopted the prevailing (Swiss) view. In 1547 Vermigli went to England with a…
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Vermilye, Isaac D., a clergyman of the Protes- tant Episcopal Church, died at Arraonk, N. Y., Aug. 24, 18(j4, aged forty-five years. At the time of liis death he was rector of St. Stephen's Church. North Castle, N. Y. See .4 mer. Qnar. Ch. Rev. Oct. 1864, p. 484. Vermilye, Robert George, D.D., a Congrega- tional minis…
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8. Directs that wlieu l>isliiii)8 are excused from going to tlie wars, either l)y iiitirniity or by the kindness ofthe prince, they shall appoint lit men to lead their people. See Mansi, Condi, vii, 1805. — Landon, Manual of Coun- cils, p. t)7(i. See Vkrnu.m, CotrNciL of. Vernon, J. W. M., a Methodist Episcopal tnini…
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Veron, Francois, a French controversialist, was born in Paris about 1575, of an honorable family. In 1595 he was admitted to the Order of the .Jesuits, and applied himself to studies in opposition to the Reforma- tion, and he spent his life in public debates and writings on that side. He died at Charenton, near Paris, …
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and died in A.D. 75. 5. The tradition usually received in the West states that the emperor Tiberius ordered Veronica to Kome that the touch of her sweat-cloth might cure his leprosy, and that when the cure was ef- fected she jjersiiaded Tiberius to exile Pilate in piniish- ment for having sentenced Jesus to death. Vero…
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Verpoorten, Wilhelm Paul, a German theolo- gian, son of Albrecht JMeno, was born Sept. 4, 1721, at Neustadt. Having graduated at Dantzic with the trea- tise De A ucfore Secund(e I'erlueque Fpistolte Johannis (1741 ), he went to Jena, where he publicly spoke (1743) on Cidor sub Nube T(rrrenle Fsa. xxr, 5, in Versione Il…
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It is not improbable that this division may have come from the original authors, which the nature of the sub- ject, and especially the parallelism of the sentences, seems to require (Jebb, Sacred Literature). In the Cod. Alex, are equally divided in this manner the songs of Muses and of Hannah ; the prayers of Isaiah, …
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VERSE r58 VERSE of Martianay. Epiphaniiis {De Orth. Fid. iv) adds the two books of Wisdom to the poetical books thus arranged. 3. We have seen that Jerome imitates tlie mode of writing tlie works of Demosthenes and C'ieero in his divisions of Chronicles. This custom of writing /card (TriYOOt; appears to have been u…
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There is a (ireek stichometrical manuscript of Isaiah, probably of the 9th century, in the Bibliolheque du Roi (1892), in which the stichs do not commence with the line; but there is a (Jreek numeral letter attached in the margin opposite each stich, the enumeration re- commencing at the end of everj- hundred lines, in…
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and the number of verses in the entire Pentateuch is 5245 [5845?]. . . . The number of verses in the Psalms is 2527, the sign "TINS; the middle verse, 'Neverthe- less the}' riattered thee with their mouth' (Ixxviii, 3<3) ; the number of sidarim nineteen, and the number of psalms 150." The Venice edition of Ben-Chaijiin…
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1843]), ill supposing that Stephens took his idea from this very work. But, not lo niukiply instances. Home {Introd. vol. ii, pt. i, cli. ii, s. iii, § 1) gives the foUow- ing account of their introduction : '' Kahhi Mordccai Nathan . , . undertook a similar concordance [to that of Hugo] for the Hebrew Scriptures; but,…
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Again, in the preface to Stephens's Latin and French New Test., published at (Jeneva in 1552, which is also thus divided, but which we have never seen cited, he observes : " Et a fin de plus aisement pouoir faire la dicte collation et confrontement, avons distingue tout iceliiy Nouveau Testament comme par vers, a la fa…
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It is, however, only in the canonical books of the Old Test, that Stephens follows Pagninus. In Matthew's gospel, Pagninus has 577 verses and Stephens 1071. The number of verses in each chapter in Stepliens is often double, frequently treble, that in Pagninus. In John V, for instance, Pagninus has 7 and Stephens 22 ve…
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Kabbi Nathan having in his Concordance (in 1450) commenced the practice of referring to a versicular di- vision of each of the Latin chajitcrs by the number of each Masoretic verse in the chapter, Arabic figures were, after tlie example of Le Fevre's edition of the Psalms, affixed to each verse by Pagninus in his Latin…
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The numerical divisions into chapters and verses were first adapted to liturgical use in the Anglican Church — the chapters in lulward Vl's first Book of Common Prayer (1549), and the verses in the Scotch Liturgy (1637), whence they were adopted into the last revision (1662).— Kitto. See BiBi-fc;. VERSE, in jmetnj, is…
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A. Monosyllabic Lnngnarfen These are rpfernble, geo. graphically and philologically, ti> three grand divisions, viz.: 1. Languages of China: 2. Lnngnages of tlie Trans- gangetic peninsula or of the ludo-Cliinese ; 3. Languages of Thibet and the Himalayas. B. Sliemitic Lamuanen, comprising: 1. Samarltnn. orig- in dly …
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The Bible societies of Switzerland 9 " The Bible societies of Deimiark, Sweden, and Norway G " Many of the above translations extend only to a part of the Scriptures. Tlie entire Bible has been rendered dur- ing the present century into about fij'ti/-jife laiitjiuifjes, the New Test, into eii/h/y-J'our, and parts onl…
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Verulam, Councils of {Concilium Vei-ulamiense). Verulam,or Verulamium, was an ancient town of Eng- land, County of Hertford, the site of which is now oc- cupied by the city of St. Albans, which is twenty miles northwest of London. Two ecclesiastical councils were held here as follows : I. (Called aho'Council of St. Al…
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Vespasian, Titus Flavius, a Roman emperor, was born A.D. 9, of humble parents, near Reate, a Sa- bine village, where his father was tax-gatherer. He became a successful soldier, and, after serving in Britain and elsewhere, was sent by Nero to Palestine in 66. He began the conquest; of that country by the storm- ing of …
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VESPERS, Sicilian, a term applied to the massacre of the French residents in Sicily by the natives on Easter-day, 1282. The tyranny of the French had become intolerable to the Sicilians, and a plot was formed for their extermination. It was arranged that the massacre should begin at the tolling of the bell for evening …
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Ve.stibule, a hall or antechamber next to the en- trance, from wiiieh doors open to the various rooms or passages of a house. This is the Vitruvian and the modern sense; but the latter includes any lobby, porch, or anteroom through which a larger apartment or a house, etc., is entered. Vestibuluin, in mediaival Latin, …
924 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.