PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 10
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,500,482 words · 1483 reading sections
Section 721
the legates received instructions on no account to per- mit it to be brought to a decision. However, in sub- seipient congregations the dispute was renewed with warmth ; in the congregation of Oct. 13, the archbishop of (Jranada insisted upon the recognition of the institu- tion of bisho]is, and their superiority to pr…
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On Feb. 5 the legates proposed for consideration eight articles on the subject of marriage, extracted from so- called heretical books : 1. That marriage is not a sacrament instituted by God. 2. That parents may auiuil marriages contracted by their children clandestinely. 3. That a man may marry again during the life…
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To till up the time intervening before the twenty- fourth session, the sid)jects of indulgences, purgatory, and the worshi|i of saints and images were introduced for di.scussion, in order that decrees on these matters might be prepared for presentation in the twenty-fifth session. Settsicm XX I V (Nov. 11, 15(53). — I…
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the doctrine of the Church, the consent of the fathers, and the decrees of the councils; to tench them thj\t the saints otter up prayers for men, and tlnit it is useful to invoke them, and to have recourse to their prtiyers and hel(). It furtlier condemns those who maintain "that the stiints in rest ought not to be inv…
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Trental, an office for the dead in the Latin Church, consisting of thirt}^ masses on thirty consecutive days. Trepalium, a name given to the rack used for ex- amining witnesses by torture. According to canon 38, Council (if Tarragona, presbyters and deacons were for- bidden to stand at the Trepalium while persons were…
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Ti'eves, Councils of {Concilium Trevirense), take their name from Treves, a town of Khenish Prussia, in which they were held. The town is situated on the rifilit bank of the Moselle, and had in 1871 a population of •21,442. It is a decayed place, noted for its ultra- montanism. The cathedral contains many relics — the …
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1. The trial of our Lord before Pilate was, in a legal sense, a trial for the ofTence hesce majestatis — one which, under the Julian law, following out that of the twelve tables (Dir/est, iv, 1,3), would be punishable with death (Luke xxiii, 2, 38; John xix, 12, 15). See Jesus Christ. 2. The trials of the apostles, of…
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comprehended imder the number twelve, which was the more natural, since one of tliem, namely, the caste of the Levites, ilid not live wiibin such exclusive geo- gra])hical limiis as were assigned to the others after they exchanged their nomadic migrations for settled habitations, but dwelt in towns scattered through al…
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2. Gad.— On the south, following the northern line of Keuben from the Jordan to the eastern boundary of the trans-Jordanic tribes (at Jebeiha); thence north by east alonii the eastern boundary of the trans-Jordaiiic tribes (around the noithern brow of Jebel Zerl^a) (to a point op- posite Jerash [Gerasa] between Jebel Z…
1,069 wordsSECTION 730Section 730
Of Judah only are there any distinct and regular sub- divisions given (for Keil's arrangement of the towns of Simeon in four groups according to Josh, xv, 21-32 iCom- inent. ad loc] is not justified by the parallel passage [Josh, xix, 2-8], nor by the analogy of enumeration in the case of the other subdivisions of Jiid…
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south side of Wady Suleiman, through which this rond, runs) ; from Ataroth the line ran south-westerly along the Wady Suleiman, so as to include Chephirah (xviii, 26) (prob.ably Keftir, near this road), opposite the hill above described (ver. 14, where the expression rendered "com- passed the corner of the sea" ajipear…
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TRIBE 547 TRIBUTE ginning nt a place called S:irid, which is nowhere else ineutioiied in Scriptnre, but, which is here described as situated eiistwiud from tlie Medilerriiuean, with high countrv intervening, one or two stations distant from the river before Jokneain (doubtless the Kishou), also as sit- uated west of…
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In the sum of the cities ennineraled in cuhnection with this tribe, nineteen metropolitan towns only are included, five of the names (Allon-zaanaim, Adami-nekeb, Ziddim- zer, Hammath - rakkath, and Aligdal -el - Horem) being double, and two others (Aznoth-'tabor and Jndah-upon- Jordan) lying outside the border. See Pal…
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To oppose the levying of this tribute, Judas the Gau- lonite raised an insurrection of the Jews, asserting that it was not lawful to pay tribute to a foreigner, that it was a token of servitude, and that the Jews were not allowed to acknowledge any for their master who did not worship the Lord. They boasted of being a …
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TRICEPJU3I 549 TRIM, COUNCIL OF but probably the value of silver had fallen as much in the two preceding centuries. It was natural that the Jews should have revived the old name shekel, and ap- plied it to their stater, and equally so that they should iiave adopted the scale of the neighboring opulent and powerful k…
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TriglaTW, in Slavonic mythology, was the supreme god of the Servians, Wends, Poles, partly also of the Rii- gen islanders, Pomeranians, Prussians, and Lithuanians. He was, as his name indicates, triple-headed, and there- fore represented the Slavonic trinity. The priests pro- claimed Triglaw as the unseen supreme sover…
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Trine Bapti.«m. A mode of administering the sacrament, which was so universal in the iirimitive Churcii that some entertain no doubt of its being de- rived from apostolic tradition. The person bai)tized was thrice immersed, or water was thrice poured on him, in the name of the three persons of the (lodhead. ■The reason…
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I. The Biblical Doctrine. — It has always been allowed that the doctrine of the Trinity was not fully revealed before tiie time of Christ, and is clearly taught only in the New Test. Yet, while it is true (1 ) that if the New Test, did not exist we coidd not derive the doctrine of the Trinity from the Old Test, alone, …
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1. The first class of texts, taken by itself, proves only that there are the three subjects named, and that there is a difference between them; that the Father in cer- tain respects differs from the Son, etc.; but it does not prove, by itself, that all the three belonjj necessarily to the divine nature, and possess e(p…
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John X, 28-30, "I and my Father are one." These words are not to be mulerstood to denote so much an equality of nature as unanimity of feeling and purpose. Still the passage is (piite remarkable; because Christ professes to do his work in common with his Father; and that is more than any man, prophet, or even angel is …
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losophizing Christians substituted another theory oil the subject of the Trinity, which, however, was none the less formed rather from their philosophical ideas than from the instructions of the Bible. Among the writers of this class was Praxeas. of the 2d century, who contended that the Father, Son, and Spirit were no…
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The characteiisiics by which the persons of the Trin- ity may be distinguished from each other under this view belong to two classes. (1.) /H/fn((7Z("characteres interni"). These are dis- tinctive signs arising from the internal relation of the three persons in the (iodhead to each other, and indi- cating the mode of …
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(2.) Others have expressed themselves so boldly on the subject of the Trinity that they have seemed to ap- proximate towards trilhnsm; in wliich class we may mention jMatthew Gribaldus of Padua, in the ItJth cen- tury, who maintained that the divine nature consisted of three equally eternal spirits, between whom, howev…
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The Latin Church alone has, since Augustine, sanc- tioned the expression personm in the Symholum Qui- cunqup. Augustine himself said, yet, "Tres personse, si ita dicendag sunt." Some consider the Trinity as essen- tial to constitute the perfect personality, and employ the metaphysics of consciousness as an analogical p…
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The system of Plato may be thus stated: God first produce(l the ideal worhl, i. e. his infinite miderstanding conceived of the existence of the world, and formed tlie plan of creation. The ?v«/ world was then formed after this ideal world as its model ; and this was done by luiit- ing the soul of the world with matter,…
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It was at Tripolis that, in the year B.C. Sol, the plan was concocted for the simultaneous revolt of the I'htc- iiician cities and the Persian dependencies in Cyprus against the Persian king Ochus. Although aided by a league with Nectanebus, king of Egypt, this attempt failed, and in the sequel a great part of Sidon wa…
1,154 wordsSECTION 747Section 747
Tiisantia, a median-al term for (1) a cloister, or (2) a place of retreat for religious )iersons where medi- tations are made. — Lee. Gluss. of Litury. Tains, s. v. Triscilidce, a sect of Sabellian heretics mentioned by Philaster {Ihvr. c. xciii), Augustine {Iker. c. Ixxiv), and Praidestinatus (//re?-, c. Ixxiv) as ma…
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TRIUMPH 559 TRIUMPH iu i'luceoMou after \ iclones. Aiicieul Assyriau Kiu iiig feature of triumphs among ancient nations general- ly; and among tlie Assyrians antl Babylonians atrocities were frequently practiced, sucli as maiming, blinding [see KykJ, and killing, especially in the case of rebel princes. See CApnvb…
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Trivet, Nicholas, an English Dominican monk, was born at Norfolk about 1258. He was educated at Oxford and Paris, and became prior of English houses of his order. He died in 1328. He was the author of Annates Sex Rcgum Anglife, cum Continuatione ut et A. Muriuiiithensis Chronicon. etc. (Oxon. 1719-22, 2 vols. 8vo). He …
1,018 wordsSECTION 750Section 750
Trogyl'lium {TpioyvWiov), the rocky extremity of the ridge of Mycale, which is called thus in the New Test. (Acts XX, 15) and by Ptolemy (v, 2), and Troyili- um {Tpix)yi\iov) b}' Strabo (xiv, 636). It is directh^ op- posite Samos (q. v.). The channel is extremely narrow. Strabo (Joe. cit.) makes it about a mile broad, …
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TROLLE 5G3 TROPHIMUS Judaism, and which is subdividetl into fifty chapters, discusses very minutely the interpretation of the Mes- sianic passages of the Old Test, and their apidication to Christ as the predicted Jlessiah ; while the second part is taken up with a critical examination of the state- ments made in the…
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Tropes, or sequence, are verses sung before the holv Gospel ill the mass. They are a kind of prose, written in a species of verse, tliough unfettered by any recog- nised law of metre. They were introduced at the close of the 9th centurv. Four only are found in the Roman missal. See Skquknce. Troph'imus (Tpo^i/xof, nut…
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Tropological Inti-.p.i'rktation is where a moral signification is given to a passage. An illustration will explain this sense. In Dent, xxv, 4 we read, "Thou shalt not muzzle the ox when he treadeth out the corn." Paul (1 Cor. ix, 9) quotes this precept of the law, add- ing tlie comment, " Doth God take care for oxen V…
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1. Orders thnt temporal lords shall show due respect to bishops, and that they shall not sit down iu their pres- ence without their permission. 7. Forbids to receive auonymous accusations against any peisoii. HI. Held in 1104, by the legate Richard, bishop of Albano, whom Paschal II had sent into France to absolve ki…
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Truce of God, a scheme set on foot by the Clinrch in the Middle Ages for the purpose of quelling tlie vio- lence and preventing the frequency of private wars, oc- casioned by the fierce spirit of barbarism. It was first proposed at the Council of Charroux in 989, adopted by the Council of Orleans in 1016, and by the Co…
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Trullo, Council of, the name hy which the sixth Coimcil of CoNSTASTiNOm.E (q. v.) is called, from the circumstance of its having been held in the domed chapel of the palace. Trumbull, Benjamin, D.D., a Congregational minister, was born in Ilel)ron, Coim., Dec. 19, 1735, graduated at Yale College in 1759. and was ordai…
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Ancient Egyptian Trumpets. Titus at Rome (see Reland, SpoUa Templi Tlieros. p. 184 ?([.) and on coins (Friihlich, Anal. Sip-, prolog, p. 80, pi. 18, tig. 17 and 18), and it appears to have emitted a clear, shrill tone (comp. Foskel, i, 86), adapted to an alarum ("i?n). See Musical Instruments. 2. ~S1 wj, shophdr (Sep…
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In ]Matt. vi, 2 we read, '• When thou doest thine alms, do not sound a trumpet before thee, as the hypocrites do in the synagogues," and most expositors have regard- ed this as au expression derived by an easy metaphor from tlie practice of using the trumpet to proclaim what- ever was about to be done, in order to call…
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Trust-deeds are forms of conveyances of real es- tate specifying some trust for which the property is held. At an early period of his history Wesley pub- lished a model deed for the settlement of chapels, to the effect that the trustees, for the time being, should per- mit Wesley himself, and such other persons as he m…
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(2.) Veritas cocpntionis, or truth of knowledge. Truth, as pre<licated of knowledge, is the conformity of t)ur knowledge with the reality of the object known ; for, as knowledge is the knowledge of something, when a tiling is known as it is that knowledge is formally true. To know that tire is hot is true knowledge. Ob…
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It is an interesting fact that the columbaria of "Cas- sar's household" in the Vif/ua Codini, near the Porta S. Sebastiano, at Kome, contain the name Tryphasna, as well as other names mentioned in this chapter, Philologns and Julia ( ver. 15), and also Amplias ( ver. 8). See Wordsworth, Tour in Italy (1862), ii, 173.— …
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"How well her nnme an Army doth iiresent, 111 whom the Lord of hustx did pitch his tent !" (B. P.) Tsiyiiii. See Wii.7)Ern'ess, Beasts of. Tsonkhapa, a Thibetan reformer and monk, was born A.l). loo.'), in the district of Amdo. He strictly prohibited ordinary tricks and pretended miracles of charlatanism, and imited …
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Ill the time of Xenophon the Tibareni were an inde- pendent tribe {A nab. vii, 8, 25). Long before this they were subject to a number of petty chiefs, which was a principal element of their weakness, and rendered their subjugation by Assyria more easy. Dr. Hincks (quoted by Kawlinson, Herod, i, 380, note 1) has found a…
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of Brentius and Jakob Andrea was beginning to loosen its hold upon the limes. J. W. Jiiger, the learned chan- cellor (1702-20), had ventured upon the innovation of introducing a more attractive method in theology than that in vogue. I'latt" and Weismann also broke awav from the polemical methods of orthodoxy, and sougl…
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Affiliated to this school, though less closely than the men already named, was Ernst Gottlieb Eengel, pro- fessor of historical theology at Tubingen. This scholar passed beyond the ordinary favorable attitude of the school of Storr in his fondness for Socinian views, and was also a Kantianizing, rationalizing supranatn…
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Tuch, JoiiAXN Christian FniEnRicii, a Protestant divine of German}', was born Dec. 17, 1806, at Quedlin- burg. Having prepared himself for the university at the g3'mnasium in Nordhausen, he went in 1828 to Halle, where he attended the lectures of Gesenius, Here he also commenced his lectures on Oriental Ian- TUCHER 5…
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Tucker, Levi, D.D.,a Baptist minister, was born in Schoharie County, N. Y., .July 6, 1804. He studied the- ology at the Hamilton Institution, graduated June3. 1829, and on tlie lOtli of the same month was ordained pastor of the church at Deposit, N. Y. In the summer of 1831 he accepted a call to settle at Blockley (now…
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Tiidehope, Archibald, a Presbyterian minister, was born at Paisley, Scotland, Aug. 19, 1801; graduated at the University of Cilasgow in April, 1822; studied theology at the Divinity Hall of the Kelief Synod in Paisley; was licensed by the llelief Presbytery of (ilas- gow in 1828, and ordained pastor of the Church in An…
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Tudor Stv TUESIILMEL 576 TULIT crest, or ornamental tinisliing, on cornices, etc. The ex- amples diller considerably in detail, but the general ef- ect does not vary much. — I'arkcr, Oluss. oj' Archltcd. s. V. Tue.shimel Eudkni. in Lamaism, is the name for one of tlie seven sanctuaries which are placed upon the al…
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Tulla Intoon and IIai-tiohhin. According to the Finnish creed, each man bore within him from his birth a divine spirit who was his inseparable compan- ion for life. This.spirit became more closely united to its subject in proportion as the latter tore himself away from earthly things to retire into the sanctuary of his…
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Tunis, Jewish Mission at. As early as the year 1833, the London Society for the Propagation of the Gospel among the Jews commenced missionar\' oper- ations in Tunis. The first missionary to that jilace was the late Rev. Dr. F. C. Ewald, who arrived there June 30. He found a Jewish population from 30,000 to 40,000, all …
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Tuniiell, John, an early Methodist minister, was about tliirteeu years in the work of the ministry; was elected to the office ot" an elder at the Christmas Con- ference in 1784; travelled extensively throughout the United States; was tot years the leader of a pioneer band of preachers among the Holston mountains ; and …
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Tuonela was, according to the Finnish belief, the river of the countrj' of the dead. — Lenormant, Chald. Magic, p. 258. Tuoni, was the father of Kivutar, or Kipu-typo, the Fimiish goddess of diseases. — Lenormant, Chald. Magic, p. 259. Tuquoa, in the mythology of the Hottentots, is the evil spirit causing harm and mi…
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Turchi, Alessandro, called Veronese, also /.' Orhetto, an Italian painter, was born at Verona (according to Poz- zo) about 1578. When a lad his talent was recognised liv Felice Riccio, who took him into his study, and careful- ly instructed him. Leaving Riccio, he went to Venice, where he studied with Carlo Cagliari, a…
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IXote hij the I'Alitur.— For the pnrpope of enabling our readers to nndcistiuirt more fully the present complicated boundaries of I'lirkey, we insert a ni:ip based upon the one recently issued by Stanford, of Charing Cross, Lon- don. It will be perceived that, in consequence of the late Rnsso-Turkish war, Turkey has lo…
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1,000,000 in a total population of about 5,000,000. In Asia the Turkish race is supposed to niunber more than 8,500,000 of a total population of 17,000,000; but this number embraces many old tribes who have been totally, absorbed and merged in the Turks. The Turcomans, who live chieti}' in Northern Mesopotamia, and num…
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The Greeks, or Hellenes, have a numerical preponder- ance in the soutliern part of European Turkey, especial- Iv in Thessaly, Epirus, Southern Macedonia, and the islands, the most important of which is Crete. They .•ire the most civilized among the Christian races of 'I'urkey. Their number is estimated at about 1,000,0…
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TURKEY 583 TURKEY In the reign of Miirad I, the successor of Orkhan, Adri- 1 anople was taken, which became the European capital of the Ottomans till they captured Constantino|>le. When the Turks entered Europe, the territorj' of the Greek empire was almost limited to a quadrangle extending from Constantinople to Ad…
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The most prominent feature in the Turkish liistory of the 19th century is the successful revolt of the sub- ject Christian nations against the Ottoman power. This war of independence began in Servia in the first years of the new century. It was at first a rising against local tyrants who defied the authorit}' of the si…
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atic possessions. Thus Turkey appeared in an entirely helpless condition, and, so far as its European posses- sions were concerned, in a state of total decay. Among the European powers, only one — the Tory government <)fEn<;land — occasionally used its influence in behalf of the Turkish government. The fall of the Tory…
946 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.