PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 10
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,500,482 words · 1483 reading sections
Section 361
Another form of the above theorj' is that the pres- ence of the tempter, the words spoken, etc., were mere- ly conceptual, i. e. mental phenomena or impressions upon the Saviour, similar to the suggestions ordinarily experienced by saints in temptations of peculiar vivid- ness or pungency. This view is confuted by the …
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Temurah. See Talmud. Ten ("T^", eser, or some modification of it; ^s/ca; the Heb. plur. ni"i'i53J, esrim, means "twenty;" the root "lil?;?, asdr, is thought by FUrst and Miihlau to sig- nify heaping, but Gesenius regards it as primitive), the number which lies at the basis of modern numeration, having its natural orig…
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I. Title. — The popular name in this, as in so many instances, is not that of Scripture. There we have the "ten words" (n"^"i-'nrt PT'vZJS', asereth kaddeba- liiii, the decade of the words ; Sept. to. S'tKa pi'ifiara ; Vulg. verba decern), not the ten commandments (Exod. xxxiv, 28; Deut. iv, 13; x, 4, Heb.). The differ…
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It is obvious that these differences leave the main body or substance of the Decalogue, as a revelation of law, entirely untouched; not one of them affects the import and bearing of a single precept; nor, if viewed in their historical relation, can they be regarded as in- volving in any doubt or imcertainty the verbal …
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IV. The number ten was, we can hardly doubt, itself significant to Moses and the Israelites. The received symbol, then and at all times, of completeness (Biihr, Symbolik, i, 175-183), it taught the people that the law of Jehovah was perfect (Psa. xix, 7). The fact that they were written not on one, but on two tables, p…
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TEX COMMANDMENTS 274 TEN COMMANDMENTS this places the fifth comniaiulmeiit in a wrong position ; that a duty to parents is a lUiiy towanis our iiciijlihor. From the jewisli pt»int of view, it is beUeved, the place thus given to that cominauilnicnt was essentially the right one. Instead of ihities towards God, and du…
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VII. Turgum. — The treatment of the ten command- ments in the Targum of Jonathan ben-Uzziel is not without interest. There, as noticed above, the first and second commandments are united to make up the sec- ond, and the words " I am the Lord thy God," etc., are given as the first. iMore remarkable is the addition of a …
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Tennent, Gilbert, an eloquent Presbyterian di- vine, and eldest son of the Kev. ^\'illiam Tennent, Sen., was born in the County of Armagh, Ireland. Feb. 5, ] 703 ; emigrated with his lather to America in 1718; received his education under the paternal roof; had the honorary degree of master of arts conferred upon him b…
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" Tlic place wherein the yonng men studj' is a log honse about twenty feet long and nearly ns many broad, and to me it seemed to resemble the school of the old prophets, for their habitations were mean; and lh:it they sought not great thinirs lor tlieinselves is plain from those pas- sages of Scripture wliercin we are …
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Tennent, William (3), a Presbyterian minister, and son of the Kev. Williain Tennent (2), was born in Freehold, N. J., in 1740. He graduated at the College of New Jersey in 1758, was licensed to preach by the presbytery of New Brunswick in 1762, ordained by the same presbytery in 1763. and installed as junior pastor of …
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In Egypt the Hebrews, for the most part, left off tent life, and lived in houses during their bondage ; but on their deliverance, and during their protracted sojourn in the wilderness, tent life was again resumed by the na- tion (Exod. xvi, 16 ; Josh, vii, 24). and continued for some time even after their settlement in…
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the one in the middle is rather higher than the other two. Hooks are attach- ed to these posts for hanging various articles (Gen. xviii, 10; Judg. xiii, 6; Niebuhr, Voynffe, i, 187; Lay- ard, Nin. and Bab. p. 261). See Pili.ak. In the men's apartment the ground is usually covered with carpets or mats, and the wheat sa…
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Tenth Deal ("I'li'vaS', issaron, a tenth ; Sept. hh-a- t6v), the tenth part, a measure of things dry, specially for grain and meal (Exod. xxix, 40; Lev. xiv; Numb. XV, xxviii, xxix) ; more fully the tenth of an ephah (as the Sept. and A'ulg. explain at xv, 4), i. e. an onier, or about three and a half quarts (comp. Lev…
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From Acts vii, 2-4 it appears that the lirst call which prompted the family to leave Ur was addressed to Abra- iiam, not to Terah, as well as the second, which, after the death of liis father, induced him to proceed from Haran to Canaan. The oriler to Abraham to proceed to Canaan immediately after Terah's death seems t…
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I. Derivation of the Term. — The etymology and mean- ing of this word may be inferred from the various modes in which it is rejiresented by the Greek translators, such as Btpafeii', TO Siipa(pelv, or tu ^epafi)', reminding us of the etymological connection of r)"iI3, w]"ip, to )ioi(?ish, with Tp'i<p-ur. Its remote deri…
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consequence, the special blessing of Jehovah. The five Danite sjiies consulted these oracular I'enates of iNlicah through the intervention of Jonathan (xviii, 5), and in- formed the Danites on their way to Laish of tlie images which the house contained. The Danite warriors, with the most unscrupulous indifference, viol…
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5. The teraphim were consulted even after the Cap- tivit\' by persons upon whom true religion had no tirm hold, in order to elicit some supernatural oniina, simi- lar to the aiir/uria of the Romans. Thus (Zech. x, 2) : " For the idols (teraphim) have spoken vanity," etc. In like manner at a previous age, in connection …
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2. JModerns. — INIichaelis, in Commentaliones Sociefafi Gotthir/ensi oiliitce (Brem. 17G3), p. 5 sq., compares the teraphim to the Sdti/ri and Sileni, referring to the statement of Pausanias (vi, 24, 6), that there were graves of Sileni in the country of the Hebrews; and alluding to the hairT/ ones ("devils," D^'I'iJ't…
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Pistdchm U)clx.dh, Many terebinths remain to this day objects of vene- ration ill their neighborhooii, and Ihe favorite burving- jilace of a Ik-dawin sheik is under a solitary tree. Ea>-.t- ern travellers will recall the "Mother of rags" on the outskirts of the desert— a terebinth covered with the votive offerings of …
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Terms, in Iiuc, are the periods in England when the courts of law hold their sittings at Westminster for the discharge of their judicial functions. There are four in every year, namely, Hilary term, Easter term. Trinity term, and Michaelmas term ; but the last of these is usually at the commencement of the legal year. …
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Terrier, a formal survey and plan or schedule of Church property, ordered by English canon law to l>e made and preserved in tlie bishop's registry. A terrier of glebe lands made under queen Elizabeth is preserved in the British Exchequer. Territorial System. This title is applied to that theory of Church government wh…
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ing the equality of peace which we shall hereafter en- joy with the angels, and our union with them" (Simeon of Thessalonica, Comm. on Lit. of St. Cliri/sos.'). This hymn formerly concluded with the words " Hosanna in the highest, blessed is He that cometh in the name of the Lord, Hosanna in the highest." This is the c…
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Tersteegen yielded to the persuasions of Hoffmann and others, and began to address public assemblies at about the time when his first literary efforts Avere put forth. In 1728 he renounced his handicraft and gave himself wholly to the care of souls. His wants were supplied by the contributions of friends and by several…
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Tertiana, the term applied to the third part of all Church revenues in the Isle of Man, which third part was received by the bishops of that island. See Bing- ham, Christ. Antiq. bk. ix, ch. viii, § 6. Tertiaries (Tektius Okdo de Pcenitentia; Ter- TIAUII; FrATIIES CONV'EUSI: also SORORES Tertii Or- DiNis) is the nam…
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Tertre, Jacques (as a priest Jeax Baptiste) du, a French missionary, was born at Calais in September, 1610. After travelling for some time, he returned to France, ami entered the Dominican order at Paris in 1635. Five years after he was sent as a missionary to the American islands, returned to France in 1658, and died …
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Tertullian's writings are usually of brief extent, but they traverse nearly all fields of the religious life, and they constitute the most prolific s<iurce for the history of the Church and of doctrines in his time. No satisfac- tory classification of them can be executed, because but few of them afford the necessary d…
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The earliest edition of the collected works of Tertul- TEUTULLUS 290 TESSEII.E Han was that of Beatus IJhciianus (Basle, 1521). It was followed by those of I'ameliiis (Antw. 1579), Hijial- liiis O'aris, 1G"o4; Venice, 1744), Seniler (Halle, 1770- 73, G vols.), Leopold in Gersdorf, Bill. I'utr. Kcd. I.dtin. Selectu …
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Teschenniacher, Wkiinkr, a minister of the Re- formed Church in Juliers-Cleves-Berg, and a writer of some prominence in ecclesiastical and political literature, was born at Elberfeld in September, 1589. He was ed- ucated at Herborn and Heidelberg, and afterwards served the Church from ItilO or 1611 until 1633 in her pu…
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TESTAMENT, Old and New. When the books written by the apostles of .Jesus Christ, or by apostolic men, came to be placed alongside the sacred books of the Hebrews, as comprising the entire scriptural canon, it became necessary to distinguish the two divisions bv' appropriate designations. A usage which already pre- vail…
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III. LiinijiuKjc in ir/iick the Work was Written The Ten/iinients, as we have it now, was no doubt written in the Hellenistic Greek, in whicli we now possess the work. (Jrabe maintained that it was originally writ- ten in Hebrew and was translated into Greek with the canonical books of the (Md Test. But against this v…
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As to the office of the Messiah, he is continually spo- ken of both as king and high-priest (Sim. c. 7 ; Gad, c. 8 ; Dan, c. 5; Jos. c. 19). As king springing from the tribe of Judah (^'im. c. 7), he is to wage war and to triumph over Beliar, the personification of the kingdom of evil (Levi, c. 18 ; Dan, c. 5, 6 ; Benj…
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Sin, therefore, being especially regarded as proceeding from Ta Trva.v/jara r»)c TrXrli'jjt') is constantly spoken of as dyi'ota, TixpXiiiaic, and the like, for wliich pardon is readily granted by God. Ignorance, however, though affording a plea for pardon, cannot of itself be accounted an excuse for the sin ; the appe…
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TESTAMENTS, PATRIARCHAL 294 TESTIMONY OF DISOWNMENt taininir the true text in several passages, but in many |ilacc's alterin;;' (inisseteste's Latin version, wliicli wit- nesscil tci tlio true rcadiii;::. to suit (irabe's incorrect text. Fabricius also |nibli>hc(l a second etlilion in I72--'. on tbe wboli' less accura…
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Testes Synodales, persons chosen to help the church-wardens in fultilling their duties, and in pro- moting order, quiet, and decorum at visitations, syn- ods, and clerical meetings. They were also called Sidesmen, synodsmen, or Questmen (q. v.). TestimoniaL Every candidate for admission to holy orders in the Church of…
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For the literature and editions, see Niemeyer, Collec- tio Confessionvm (Lips. 1840), p. 83 sq.; eomp. Baum, Capito und liucer ( Elberfeld, 18(;0), p. 48(! sq., .o95; Planck, Gesch. cl. })i'ot. Lehrbegrifs (2d ed. Leijis. 1796), III, i, 68 sq. — Herzog, Real-l'Jicyklop. s. v. Te'tiarch (rfrprtpxi/c, from Terrapa, fou…
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Tetrastyle ( TfTpdirTtiXov), a name given to the pe- riphery of the area or court be- tween the porch and Ihe church building proper in ancient limes. This court was with- out any covering except that each side had porticos or clois- ters, built upon columns. In the porch or in the porticos stood the first class of pen…
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Texerants. A local name given to the Albi- GEN.SKS (i). v.) in those districts of Southern France where the members of that wide-spread sect were most- ly found among the weavers — " ab usu texendi" (Ek- bert, A dv. Cathar. in Bibl. ]\fax. Lugd. xxiii, GOl). See Blunt, Diet, of Sects, s. v. Text. The application of th…
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Thaborium (Gafioipiov or Mfra/to'p^wffic, Festiim Transfii/iirutionis, s. Patefactionis Christi), the Feast of the Transfiguration of Christ. It was exalted to a feast of universal observance by pope Calixtus HI in 1457, the day assigned to it being August 6. The ancient Church had not altogether ignored, but none the …
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Usurped hy some Churches (1783): — A Reply to Strict- ures upon the Preceding (1788) : — Memoirs of Dr. Boyh- ton (1789): — and several occasional sermons. See S])rague, Annals of the Amer. Pulpit, i, 718. Thacher, Samuel Cooper, a Unitarian preacher and son of Peter (4), was born in liostoii. Mass,, in 1785. He gradu…
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Thaddaei EvangeHiini, mentioned in iheDecret. adasii de Libris Apor/ypkis (in Jus Canomcum, xv, 3~). Unless there is an erroneous readin-;' for Matthew, it would either belong to the apostle Judas Thaddaius or to a Judas belonging to the seventy whom Thomas sent to Edessa to king Abgar (Eusebius, flist. Eccles. i, 13; …
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Thanier, Theobald, a theological agitator in the time of the Reformation in Germany. He was a na- tive of Rossheim, in Alsace, and studied at Wittenberg under Luther and Melancthon, taking the degree of master in 1539. He had been supported while a student by the landgrave Philip of Hesse, who wished to train the youth…
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OFFEKING. Thanksgiving, the act of giving thanks or ex- pressing gratitude for favors or mercy received. It im- plies, according to Dr. Barrow (^Sermons, i, ser. 8, 9), (1) a right apprehension of the benefits conferred ; (2) a faith- ful retention of benefits in the memory, and frequent re- flections upon them ; (3) …
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vols.): — Wissenschnfdiche Aphorismen der Jcathol, Dog- matik (ibid. 1816). See Winer, Hdndb. der theol. Li- terutiir, i, 306; ii, 800; Kegensburger Real- Encyklop. s. v. (B. P.) Tha'ra (Luke iii, 34). See Teraii. Thar'ra (Vulg. Thara, for the Greek fails here), a corrupt form fomid in the Apocryphal addition to the …
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Theatines, an order of regular clergy in the Church of Home, which was foinided in the beginning of the IGth century lor the purpose of defeating the efforts towards a reformation outside the Church bj' reorganizing the clergy, enforcing disci|)rme in the convents, restoring an apostolical simplicity of life, and infus…
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has in mind, no doubt, the agonis- tic scene, in wiiich Ciiristians are viewed as running a race, and not the theatre or stage where the eyes of the spectators are fixed on thein. — Smith. Among the Creeks and the states of Greek origin, the the- atre— the proper appropriation of which was for the celebration of the p…
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See the Latin monographs on theatrical representa- tions cited by Volbeding, Index Programmatum, p. 172. See MysiEKiES. Thebes (Tiiiin.E, or Diospolis Magna) was the Greek name of a city of Egypt, and its cajiital during the empire, called in the Bible No-Amon ("(Ti^N N3 ; Sept. /uf pif 'Afifjiiov; Nah. iii,8) or Xo (…
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Homer's allusion to the treasures of the city, and to the size of its standing army, numbering 20,000 chari- ots, shows the early repute of Thebes for wealth and power. Its fame as a great capital had crossed the sea when Greece was yet in its infancy as a nation. It has been questioned whether Herodotus visited Upper …
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2. AfouunienfaL — The oldest royal names foimd at Thebes are those of kings of the Nantef line, who are known to have been there buried, and who are vari- ously assigned to ihe 9th and the 11th dynasty, but undoubtedly reigned not long before the 12th. The Uth dynasty, which probably ruled about half a cen- tury, began…
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TTefr 'Gurgeis Map of the Plain of Thebes. Rkfrrknces.-Wm( Bank: 1 Temple of Kurneh. S. Colossal Slntue of Rameses. 3. Avenue of Sphinxes. 4. Dei baked Brick. 6. Deir ol-Medineh. 7. Broken .statue of Ramese9.—£'a»( ^an*.- n. handine of Luxoi ■ •• • ~ rf. Temple of Ptolcmv Pbiladclphiis. e. Avenue of Sphinxes. /A " …
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wall of this court is sculptured the famous list of the tlomlnions and coiKjiiests of Sheshenk I, the Shishak of Scripture, which has already been mentioned. See Shi.shak. The great hall of cohmins is immediately beyond the court, and is of the same width, but 170 feet long: it was supported by 134 columns, the lofties…
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suffocating a thousand of the .Shechemites in the hold of liaal-berith by the smoke of green wool, he went off' with his band to Thobez, wliither, no doubt, the rumor of his inhumanity had ])receded him. I'he town was soon taken, all but one tower, into which the people of the place crowded, and vviiich was strong enon…
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3. Au alleged martyr, the associate of ^lariana. Mar- tha, Alary, and Knneis. She is reported to have lived near Asa, in Persia. A priest named Paul endeavored to persuade these virgins to renounce the Christian faith, and when they refused he caused them to be terribly scourged and then beheaded. Soon afterwards he be…
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" The next morning Paul was brought before the govern- or by Thamyris, who acted in accordance with the words of his advisers. The governor said to Paul, 'Who art thou, aud what dost thou teach ? fn- they bring no small ac- cusation against thee.' But Paul, lifting up his voice, said, 'Forasmuch as I am this day examin…
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"In Iconium she went into the house of Onesiphorus 'where Christ made the light first to shine upon hei-.' After having tried in vain to convert her mother— Thamy- lis having died in the meantime — she went to Seleucia, where she enlightened many by the word of God, and where she died in peace." This is the legend of …
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Another iiulicalion of an early date is the fact that the name Xfjiirruivoi, which occurs twice in the Acts, IS only used by the two companions of Paul, who call the attention of Thamyris to this fact as a point for ac- cll^atlou. This would ]ilace the compilation of the Acfx at a time wiien the name "Christian" was su…
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Thecla's case is exceptional on account of her two- fold martyrdom ; being left by Paul and the adherents to his teaching, and being in periciilo mortis, she bap- tizes herself, using the Christian formula. According to the whole narrative, Paul cannot make any objection, because God has made himself known in deliverin…
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oL'puvov^ ai'iei (comp. also xviii, 9, 10; xxiii, 11). nai'Aoi/ . . . (?/iaAev efu) tti? ToAewr (comp. xiii, 5U ; xiv, 19). (yevi]ir]crav avvodevovTti' auTCfJ. pcTct . . . oxAou iKai-oii (comp. xix, 26; Mark X, 46 ; Lnke vii, 12). aiiT'^ T(;y fKTr\t]^iv . . . Karfxei eKTrArjKToi/ . . . ttujiutt Ai,f . Ta 0(Tia t'p7a t…
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or goats; but only twofold in case the living animal was restored. But the statute likewise inchulcd the stealing of inanimate articles, as silver and gold (Jose- phus, .4 m/. iv, 8, 27). The prominence given to the for- mer kind of theft is explainable on the ground of the pastoral character of the Hebrews (comp. .Jus…
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Theiuer, Johann Anton, brother of Augustin, was born at Breslau. Dec. 15, 1799. He studied tlieol- og}', was made chaplain in 1823 in Zobten on the Bo- ber, and in 1824 was appointed professor of exegesis and canon law at Breslau. The lively interest which he took in the reformatory movements of his Chin'ch obliged him…
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tiieis:m 316 THENIUS view of the conditions of the world, is the intermediate I idea udiiliiptalioii to anend, which, on the one hand, ini- jilies tlie possibility of a ditt'erently conditioned world- nrdcr. but, on the otiier, asserts that tiie existiiij;- order is most (lerfect, and jirojectcd in harmony with the …
944 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.