PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 10
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,500,482 words · 1483 reading sections
Section 301
IV. Under the Kf/yptian and Syrian Ihif/s the taxes paid by the Jews became yet heavier. The "farming" system of finance was adopted in its worst form. The Persian governors had been obliged to pay a fixed sum into the treasury. Now the taxes were put up to auc- tion. The contract sum for those of Phoenicia, Judsa, and…
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It can hardly be doubted that in this, as in most oth- er cases, an oppressive taxation tended greatly to de- moralize the people. Many of the most glaring faults of the Jewish character are distinctly traceable to it. The fierce, vindictive cruelty of the Galiteans, the Zealots, the Sicarii. was its natural fruit. It …
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Taxing is the rendering, in the A. V., of a Greek word, which occurs in two passages, jy aTrojpa(j)!] (Vulg. descriptio, Luke ii, 2; professio, Acts v, 37). The cog- nate verb cnroyf)ci<pf(T^ai in like manner is rendered by "to be taxed" in the .4. V., while the Vulg. employs "ut describeretur universus orlii.s" in Luk…
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There is, however, some evidence, more or less cir- cumstantial, in conKrmation of Luke's statement. (I.) The inference drawn from the silence of historians may be legitimately met by an inference drawn from the silence of objectors. It never occurred to Celsus or Lu- cian or Porphyry, each questioning all that he cou…
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5. It is asserted that neither in the Jewish nor the Roman census would it have been necessary for the wife to travel with her husband in order to appear personally before the registrar (reiisitoi-). This objection is, perhaps, the most frivolous and vex- atious of all. If JIary were herself of the house and lineage o…
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Taylor, Ellison, a IMethodist Episcopal minister, was born in South Carolina, Feb. 19, 1788. He tirst re- ceived license to exhort, and afterwards, April 13, 1816, to preach. Soon after this he joined the travelling con- TAYLOR 231 TAYLOR nection, and in due time was made deacon and elder. He died in 1826. Mr. Taj'…
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Taylor, James A., a Methodist Episcopal minis- ter, was received on trial in the Ohio Conference in 1847, and appointed to Goshen Circuit ; in 1848, to Mad- isonville ; in 1850, to Gallipolis Circuit ; and in 1851, to Jackson, which was his last appointment. He died Aug. 10, 1851. He was a young man of undoubted pi- et…
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8vo) : — Doctrine and Practice of Repentance (Lond. 1655. 8vo) : — Polemical and Moral Discourses (1657, fol.) : — Discourses of the Nature, Offices, and Measures of Friendship (1662, 12mo) : — Offices or Forms of Prayer (1658, 8vo) -.— The Rule of Conscience (1660, 2 vols, fol.) : — The Worthy Communicant (1660, 8vo):…
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Taylor, John (4), a Revolutionary patriot and pro- fessor of natural philosophy and mathematics in Queen's College. He was elected by the trustees at their first meeting in 1771, and Kev. Dr. Jacobus Kutsen Harden- bergh was chosen as president. The college went into operation at once, and before the war several studen…
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Taylor, Nathaniel (1), an English clergyman, was assistant minister in Westminster in 1683, and ap- pointed pastor of a congregation at Salter's Hall in 1695. He died in 1702, at the age of about forty. He publish- ed. Sermons (Lond. 1688, 4to): — Funeral Seiinon (1691, 4to) : — Pi-esercatire against Deism (1698, 4to):…
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Taylor, Oliver Alden, a Congregational minis- ter, was born at Yarmouth, ;Mass., Aug. 18, 1801. He graduated at Union College, 1825; entered the ministry November, 1828; and, spending the next eleven j'ears in study and teaching, he became pastor at Manchester Sept, 18, 1839, and died Dec. 18, 1851. He published, Catal…
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Taylor, Thomas House, D.D., a clergyman of the Protestant Episcopal Church, was born of English parents in Georgetown. S. C. Oct. 18, 1799. His early education was acquired at Guilford, Conn.; he gradu- ated from South Carolina College, Columbia, as valedic- torian of his class; studied theology under bishop White ; wa…
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Teachers, or "doctors" (v. r.), are mentioned among divine gifts in Ephes. iv, 1 1, and it is possible that the apostle does not mean such ordinary teachers (or pas- tors) as the Church now enjoys; but as he seems to reckon them among the extraordinary donations of God, and uses no mark of distinction or separation be…
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Tebul Yom. See Talmud. Te Deum laudamus (i. e. "We praise thee, O God"). This hymn, which is written in honorem Sanc- iissimce Triniiatis, commonly called Nymnus SS. Ain- hrosii et Aiiffuslini, and known as tiie A mbrosian Hymn, is erroneously ascribed to Ambrose. In a manuscript chronicle preserved at jMilan, and err…
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Tehoroth. See Talmud. Teil-tree is properly the linden-tree, or Tilia Eu- ropceus of botanists. It is mentioned in the A. V., in Isa. vi, 13, "as a teil-tree, and as an oak;" but as in the Hebrew the word is fl'X, elah, usually rendered " oak," by many supposed to be the terebinth, or " tur- pentine-tree," there is no…
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snw usum esse sermnnibus." Comp, Amos ii, 13 ; iii, 4, 12; iv, 1; vi, 12; vii, 1; and see the striking remarks of Dr. Pusey, Introil. to A mos. In the genealogies of Judah (1 Chron.. ii, 24, and iv, 5), Ashur, a posthumous son of Hezron and a brother of Caleb, is mentioned as the father t)f Tekoa, which appears to mea…
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One of the gates of Jerusalem in Christian times seems to have borne the name of Tekoa. Arculf, at any rate, mentions the "gate called Tecuitis" in his enumeration of the gates of the city (A.D. 700). It ap- pears to have led down into the valley of the Kedron, probably near the southern end of the east wall. But his d…
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TELEIOI 240 TEL-IIARSA case tliP places mentioned alon^ with it in the passages cited stand in the order in wliich they wonld naturally be attacked hy a force invadinj; the territory from the cast, as would the Assyrians (Theniiis, Excget. Iland- bucli, ad loc.).— Kitto. JUiivernick's identification (Ezek. p. 470) w…
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Telepta (or Telia), Council of, propcrlv Zella (q.v.). Telesphorus, pope, is said to have been of (Grecian family, and to have occupied tlie see of Rome from A.D. 128 to 139. Our knowledge of him is altogether legend- ary. An interpolated passage in the Chronicon of Eu- sebius and a discourse smuggled into the works o…
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chett, who betook himself, in the first place, to the trans- lation of the New Test. In 1819 Mr. Pritchett's New Test, was issued by the jMadras Bible Societ}'. He now commenced the translation of the Old Test., but in 1820 he was stopped, in the midst of his work, by death. In 1823 another version of the Scriptures w…
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Tellier, Michael le, a Jesuit and father confessor to Lfiuis Xn', was born at Yire, in Normandy, in 1643. He entered the Order of Jesuits in his eighteenth year, and at first devoted himself to historical studies, whose fruit was an edition of Quintus Curtius in 1()78; but he eventually engaged in theology, becoming on…
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It seems probable that the ancient Arab tribe o( Be?n- Teim, of whom Abulfeda speaks {Hist. Anteislam. ed. Fleischer, p. 198), were connected with this place, and were the more recent representatives of the children of Tema. Forster would further identify the tribe of Tema with the Beni-Temiin, who had their chief stat…
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The accounts given by Eusebius and Jerome of Te- man are not consistent. They describe it as a region of the rulers of Edom in the land ofGebalitis; and they further state that there is a village of that name fifteen (Jerome has Jire) miles from Petra. But in another notice they appear to distinguish this Teman from on…
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But at the very time when the drug is working this re- sult, there is a mental exhilaration, a delusive lifting-up of the spirits, which cheats the victim with a false con- sciousness of augmented powers. He never before felt so strong, or realized that he was so intellectual, so wise, so witty; he never before had so …
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III. History of f lie Temperance Movement. — The first eflforts to stay this tide of death date back many years. In all nations — even in ancient times — there were per- sons who abstained, generally through religious mo- tives, from the intoxicating drinks of their day. Such were the Nazarites among the Jews, and the …
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In 1794 Dr. Rush published an essay entitled A Medical Inquiry into the Effects of Ardent Spirits upon the Body and Mind, in which he argues that the habit- ual use of distilled liquors is useless, pernicious, and uni- versally dangerous, and that their use as a beverage ought to be wholly abandoned. Still the blow was…
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This year (^1833) is notable for another advanced step. Experience was daily demonstrating the insufficiency of a reform which interdicted distilled liquors only. Not a few drunkards signed the pledge against such beverages and kept it, and were drunkards still. Pub- lic opinion was steadih- moving towards the true gro…
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In 1838 began the legislative war against the traffic — a contest which has seen many victories and defeats, and will probably see many more before the final vic- tory. In response to growing public sentiment, the li- cense laws of several states were made more stringent. Massachusetts passed a law prohibiting the sale…
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Tlie legislative reform was resisted at every step, fierce- ly, desperately, and bj' the use of the most unscrupulous means. After the prohibitory law had been strongly approved by a direct popular vote, and passed by both Houses of the Legislature of New York, in 1854 govern- or Horatio Seymour vetoed it on trivial gr…
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Still, while the popular demand for better laws in re- gard to the traffic in alcohol almost ceased for a time to be felt in current politics, the moral reform made some progress. In 1856 the American .Juvenile Temperance Society was founded in the city of Xew York, and the next year a monthly paper for children, call…
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During the last decade the field of battle has become as broad as the national domain, and new and powerful forces have come into the contest. Previous to 1860, there were onlj' about half a score of local temperance societies among our Catholic population. Now there are probably a thousand, with an aggregate of 200,00…
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TEMPLE 250 TEMPLE Lee, Text-hook of Temperance ; Crane, A rts of Intoxi- cation ; riargreaves. Our Wasted Jiesouiceg : Lizars, Alcohol and Tobacco; The Prohibilionint's Text-book; Bacchus Dethroned; Hunt, Alcohol as a Food and Medicine; Vat tow, Bible W'ims, or Laws of Fermenta- tion ; IJichariison, Action of Alcoho…
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The workmen and the materials employed in the erec- tion of the Temple were chiefly procured l)y Solomon from Iliram.king of Tyre, who was rewarded by a liberal importation of «'heat. Josephus states (.4 «^ viii, 2) that duplicates of tire letters -which passed between Solomon and king Hiram were still extant in his ti…
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After the establishment of the Seleucidse in the king- dom of Syria, Antiochus Epiphanes invaded Egypt sev- eral times. During his first expedition, B.C. 171, the renegade Menelaus (q. v.) procured the death of the regular high-priest Onias III (q. v.) (2 Mace, iv, 27 sq.); during his second campaign, on retiring for w…
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OD. Under the sons of Herod the Temple remained ap- parently iti good order, and Herod Agrippa, who was appointed by the emperor Claudius its guardian, even planned the repair of tiie eastern part, whieli iiad prob- ably been destroyed during one of the contiicts between tiie Jews and l>omans of which tlie Temple was …
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As we shall eventually see, the position and dimen- sions of the present area of the Haran reasonably cor- respond to the requirements of the several ancient ac- counts of the Temple. There can be little doubt, look- ing at the natural conformation of the rocky hill itself, that the central building always occupied the…
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fluenced to a considerable degree the forms of Christian churches, and its peculiarities were the watchwords and rallying-points of all associations of builders. Since the revival of learning in the 16th century its arrangements have employed the pens of numberless learned antiqua- rians, and architects of every countr…
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Karnak.we have the two obelisks at the portal like the pillars Jachin and Uoaz. These coincidences cannot have been accidental. Nor is this general adoption of a plan already familiar to the Hebrews inconsistent with t'he divine prescription of the details of architect- ure (Exod. XXV, 9; 1 Chron. xxviii, 12). See Egyp…
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In reference to the windows, it should be observed that they served chiefly for ventilation, since the light within the Temple was obtained from the sacred can- dlesticks. It seems, from the descriptions of the Tem- ple, to be certain that the "l"'^'!, oracle, or holy of ho- lies, was an adytum without windows. To this…
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2. Modern Reconstructions. — It thus appears that as regards the building itself we have little more than a few fragmentary notices, which are quite insufficient to enable us to make out a correct architectural represen- tation of it, or even to arrive at a very definite idea of many things belonging to its complicated…
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TEMPLE 257 TEMPLE l'(.'i>l)L'ciive of Woloiiiciu's Temple, with its Accompanying Structures (uccoriling lo.l'aine), as sri'u IVoni tlie East. Entirely diflferent from the foregoing is Prof. Paine's , thereof be strongly laid; the height thereof threescore idea of the Temple, arising from his interpretation of j cul…
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He this as it may, we find that the Temple itself was of the exact dimensions of that built by Solomon, viz. an adytum (Kzek. xl. 1-4) twenty cubits square, a naos twenty liy forty, and surrounded by cells often cubits' width, including the thickness of the walls; the whole, with the porch, making up forty cubits by ei…
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ii. The enormous vaulted substructions found under the southern end of the Haram are evidently the same which would be left between these embankments and the native rock; and it was apparently among these that the tyrant Simon subsisted till after the destruction of the city (Josephiis, War, vii, 2, 4). But especially …
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Having thus settled the general line of the outer wall of the Temple, it remains to trace the objects of interest lying along it, both on the inner aud outer sides, in which endeavor we will beLiin — 1. On the South-west corner. Here was the famous bridge of which Josephus so often speaks {Ant. xiv, 4, 2, twice ; War,…
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d. Beyond this point, as we stiall presently see, there is no oiiportunity for a gate south of the point where the .north wall ofZioii would have Joined the Teiniile : but that wall must have included one of these "g.ites to the suburbs," both for the sake of convenience and to prevent an undue crowding of three gates…
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12. The north-east corner of the square would thus fall just south of the Golden Gate, considered as repre- senting the tower at that anirle of the enclosure of An- tonia, possibly the old tower of Meah (Neh. iii, 1 ; xii, 39). 13. On the east side there was but one gate, that of Shushan {Middoth, i, 3), so called fro…
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(5.) There were porters' lodges adjoining at least five of the gates (Middoth, i, 1), and (irobalily similar structures for the accommodation of the Leviies guarding each of the gates (1 Chr(m. xxvi, 12. 13). (6.) The Talmud also speaks of .shops in this court, where articles used in sacrilice were kept for sale, as w…
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[1.] The Sejt.von-room ofthe Sniihedrim, with its triple semicircles for seating the members, and its desks. Prom a comparison of tlie number of members with the size of the room, we find that the space in the wall could by no means contain them, and have therefore enlarged it out- wardly. [2.] A room for the priests …
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mcnts : we have examined his authorities and conclusions in detail, and believe that no accurate description can do much more than follow his digest on this subject. We have embodied the results iu our map accompanying this volume. The points in which we have varied from his plan are too few and unimportant to be worth…
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TEMPLE 263 TEMPLE 24; 1 Chron. xxi, 25) as the site of his altar, and event- ually of the Temple (2 Clirou. iii, 1), does uol seem to have removed it entirely out of the tribe of Benjamin. 2. General Desciiption of the. Temple Prnper.—'VXns we find well summarized in Winer (Uealwnrterb. ii, .'xS3 sq.), from the com…
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Kestoratiou of Herod's Temple (oblique view of the front of the central building), according to Fergusson. TEMPLE 264 te:\iple seiihns {War, v, 5, 4), were 55 cnbits high and 16 broad ; jbut. accordiiii; lo the .Mishiia (Mhidoth, iv, 1), '20 iiibitt^ high and 1" biDad— a diflcieiice which LighlfDut ivcim- I'iles by…
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X. Sacred Ohxert'ances Connected with the Temple. — 1. The Daily Service. — The following is au outline of the regular duties of the priesthood : (1.) The morninq service. After having enjoyed their rejjose, the priests bathed themselves in the rooms pro- vided for that purpose and waited the arrival of the i)res- ide…
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2. Holiness of the Place. — The injunction of Lev. xix, 3, " Ye shall reverence my sanctnar}-," laid the people under an obligation to maintain a solemn and holj- be- havior when they came to worship in the Temple. We have already seen that such as were ceremonially im- clean were forbidden to enter the sacred court on…
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XL Literature. — As we have said above, the two clas- sical authorities on the Temjile are the general descrip- tion of Josejihus (Ant. xv, 11, and War, v, 5) and the minute account of the Herodian building in the Tal- mudic tract Middoth (Mishna, v, 10), which has been edited and commented upon by L'Empereur of Op- py…
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Temple, Danikl, a Congregational minister, was born at Keailing, INIass., Dec. 23, 1789. He was em- ployed in mechanical labors until he was twenty-one years old. In 1810 he was converted, and joined the Church. His attention was called to the missionary field by reading Buchanan's Reseca-ches, and he com- menced the w…
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A third view of the temporal power was propomided by Fenelon, and is generally described as the " historical theory of the temporal power." According to this, the pope does not possess, whether by direct divine appoint- ment or in virtue of the necessities of his spiritual of- fice, any temporal power whatsoever; but h…
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2. The devil tempts us to evil of every kind, and lays snares for us, even in our best actions. Satan, having access to the sensorium, lays inducements before the minds of men to solicit them to sin (1 Cor. vii, 5; 1 Thess. iii, 5; James i, 13, 14). Hence Satan is called that old serpent, the devil, and "the tempter" (…
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In the second temptation, it is not probable that they left the wilderness, but that Satan was allowed to sug- gest to our Lord's mind the ]dace and the marvel that could be wrought there. They stood, it has been sug- gested, on the lofty porch that overhung the valley of Kedron, where the steep side of the valley was …
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III. Historical Character of the Scene. — As the bap- tism of our Lord cannot have been for him the token of repentance and intended reformation which it was for sinful men, so does our Lord's sinlessness affect the nat- ure of his temptation, for it was the trial of one who could not possibly have fallen. This makes …
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rael, and set me upon a very Inj;!) momitain," etc. ; and that John savs, " he carried me away in tlie spirit to a great and high mountain, and s/ivired mc that great city, tlie holy .leriisakm" (Kev. xxi, 10). But certain direct aryuiiu-iits are also urged on the same side. 'I'hus, is it consistent with the sagacity a…
983 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.