PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 10
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,500,482 words · 1483 reading sections
Section 1261
727 191,680 9,971 1817 312 671 193,670 2,003 ISIS 315 655 19.'), 105 1,431 1819 319 700 196,605 1,504 1S20 3)S 707 191,217 D. [4,668] 1821 319 709 200,3.54 9,137 1822 321 725 211,392 11,318 1823 322 745 219,398 8,006 1824 333 777 226,939 7,541 1825 . 338 811 228,628 1,707 …
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5. The Leys School (Cambridge).— This school has recently been established in the belief that a school in the immediate neighborhood of one of our great uni- versities would enjoy special educational advantages. While the general teaching and discipline are in the hands of resident Wesleyan masters, classes in various …
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Qtieensicoud School (Clapham Park) is near London. The executive committee consists of ten members. Trinity Hall School (Southport) is near Liverpool. The executive committee consists of ten members. (IL) Othtr Institutions. — \. The Wesleijan Chapel Committee was instituted in 1818, and reconstituted in 1854. The co…
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9. The Home Mission and Contingent Fund was insti- tuted in 1756 and remodelled in 1856. The committee consists of the president and the secretary of the Confer- ence, the ex-presidents, the treasurers, the general sec- retarj'and the financial secretary of the fund, the treas- urers and secretary of the Fund for the E…
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Wessel's career was largely determined by the fact that he was never bound by any vow, official station, or other similar obligation ; so that while he was great- ly interested in the conditions of the Church and the school, it was j-et possible for him to be to some extent an independent observer. He was thus able to …
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Upon the doctrine of the Church Wessel differed from Wycliffe and Huss in that he did not define the Church to be a communio pra-destinorvm, but a communio sanc- torum. The circumstances of his age obliged him to look for the visible Church within the papacy, and he accordingly conceded a jw-isdictio papalis ; but he r…
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Wessely, Hartwig (or, according to his Jewish name, Hertz Wesel), a noted Jewish writer, was born in 1725 at Hamburg. Like his friend JMoses Mendelssohn, he was originally a Rabbinic Jew, and observed the tra- ditional law to the last. His thirst for knowledge led him to acquire the German, French, Danish, and Dutch la…
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West (expressed in Heb. by "linx, behind; d^, the sea ; "i^'O'i'tl Nia, the going down of the sun [and so in Greek Cvapr], sunset^; 'Z~\"^, evening). The Shemite, in speaking of the quarters of the heavens, etc., sup- poses his face turned towards the east; so that the east WEST 956 WEST is before him. a"lp, strict…
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WEST IN Exorcism. A person to be exorcised stood with his face towards or his hands stretched in the direction of the west, the region or symbol of dark- ness. See I5o\viN(; towards the East. West, Benjamin, an eminent American painter, was born at Springfield, Pa., Oct. 10, 1738. He early discovered the artistic geni…
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"West, Francis, an English Wesleyan minister, began his work in 1793, labored twenty -seven years, and died July 3, 1820. The Minutes characterize him as " a plain, usefid man." See Minutes of the Confer- ence, 1820. West, Francis L., a Methodist Episcopal minis- ter, was born at Rush, N. Y., March 7, 1840. He remove…
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West, Samuel (1), D.D., an American Unitarian minister, was born at Yarmouth, Mass., March 3, 1730 (O. S.). He labored on the farm until he was twenty years of age ; graduated at Harvard College in 1754 ; was ordained minister of a part of Dartmouth (now New Bedford and Fair Haven) June 3, 1761 ; was a zealous patriot …
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"Westbrook, Corneliu.s D., D.D.. an early and distinguished minister of the Reformed (Dutch) Church, was a descendant of both Puritan and Huguenot stock. His father was a Revolutionary soldier; his mother died in his infancy. He was born at Rochester, Ulster Co., N. Y., in 1782; graduated at Union College in 1801; stud…
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AATesten, Thomas ok, a missionary among the Lapps or Finns down to the year 1727. This man was one of the most noteworthy characters in the history of Protestant missions. The people among whom he la- bored dwelt from latitude 64° northward, chiefly in the marshes of Finland and in the North country, but to some extent…
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On Westen's return for a third missionarv tour, begun June 29, 1722, he found a great awakening among the young people of his charge. They clamored for educa- tiiin and read the IJible. The population of certain places which he had not previously visited were, how- ever, bitterly hostile. At Sinmen tlie people had thr…
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"Westermeier, Franz Bogislaus, a Protestant theologian of Germany, was born Aug. 22, 1773, at Flechtorf, near Brunswick. He studied at Helmstiidt, and in 1799 he was called as pastor to Magdeburg. In 1810 he was made superintendent, and in 1812 member of consistory. In 1817 the Halle University conferred on him the deg…
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Westfall, Simon V. E., a minister of the Re- formed (Dutcli) Church, was born at Rhinebeck, Dutch- ess Co., N. Y., in 1802. He graduated at Rutgers Col- lege in 1831, and at the New Brunswick Seminary in 1834. He was licensed by the Classis of Rensselaer in 1834. He was pastor of the Hyde Park Church, Dutch- ess Co., N…
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WESTMINSTER ANNOTATIONS 963 WESTMINSTER ASSEMBLY without with sixteen Gothic towers, beautifully orna- iiieiited and jiittiiijj; from the Abbey at different angles. Here is the magniticent tomb of that monarch and his ([ueen. In the south transept is the well-known Poet's Corner. Every English sovereign since the Conq…
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WESTMINSTER ASSEMBLY 964 WESTMINSTER ASSEMBLY knowledged its clairns, and the king forbade its sessions undiT I'Xtreme penalties, June 22, ItUS; but it neverthe- less l)foame, if measured by the far- reaching conse- quc\ices of its work, the most iiiiportaiit synod held in the history of the Kefornied faith. The synod…
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The suiijects relating to the form of public worship and the statement of doctrines occasioned less difficulty. Early in 1()44 each of these was assigned to a small committee for the preparation of materials, after which they were to be brought first before the larger com- mittees and then before the Assembly. The IHre…
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Assembh', and that Scripture proofs should be added to the Confession, which was accordingly done. In 1647 the Confession was approved by the Church of Scotland in the form in which it had passed the Assembly, and it was ratified afterwards by the Scotch Parliament. It was passed by the luiglish Parliament in 1618, und…
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Weston, David, D.D., a Baptist minister, was born in Nortli Middleborough, Mass., Jan. 26, 1836, and was a graduate of Brown University in the class of 1859, and of the Newton Theological Institution in the class of 1862. Soon after graduating he was ordained pastor of the Pleasant Street Baptist Ciiurch, Worces- ter, …
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WESTPHAL 967 WESTPHALIA, PEACE OF "Westphal, Georg Christian Erhard, a Prot- estant theologian of Germany, was born in 1757 at, Quedlinburg-. He studied at Jena anil Halle. After completing his studies, he acted for some time as pri- vate tutor. In 1775 he was ajipointed teacher at the Quedlinburg g3'mnasium, and in…
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The provisions of this peace belong to our field only in so far as they involve religious or ecclesiastical in- terests. In these respects they 1. Ordain that the demands of France, Sweden, and Hesse-Ciissel be salislied. This coiitirmed tlie supremacy of Prance over the cities of Metz, Toul, and Verdun, and establish…
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"WethereH, William, an English clergyman, was born in 16(10, and became minister at Scitnate in 1640, in which capacity he continued until his death in 1684. /Wetherill, Samuel, a preacher of the Society of Free Quakers, was born at IJurlington, N. .!., in 1713, and removed to Philadelphia in early youth, where he spe…
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De Wette's critical labors, in this period of his life, extended beyond the limits of exegesis and reached over into systematic theology. In 1817 he published the Lehrbuck der hist.-krit. Einleitiinf) in die konon. v. npokryph. Biicher des Alien Test., which may be re- garded as the consummation of his critical progres…
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During De Wette's stay at Basle the practical ele- ment in his character was more energetically developed, and introduced a noteworthy cliange in his religions life. He learned, in contact with different people, to ap- preciate various forms of religions manifestation which had formerly repelled him, and his polemical …
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"Wettstein, Johann Jakob, a celebrated New- Test, critic, was born at Basle, ^March 5, 1693, the sec- ond in a family of tliirteen children. His father was minister in St. Leonard's Cliurch, and liis teachers were the younger Buxtorf, Samuel Werenfels, Iseliii, Frey, etc. His attention was early turned upon the manu- s…
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■Wetzel (or Wezel), Johann Kaspar, a learned German writer, was born at ^leiningen, Feb. 22, 1G91, as the son of a poor shoemaker. He was educated at the expense of Bernard, the duke of Saxe-Meiningen, at Halle and Jena. After teaching awhile, he became sec- retary to a diplomate, and in that capacity visited Italy and…
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Whale, tlie rendering in the A. Y. (besides K»)roc, Matt, xii, 40) of two very closely related Heb. terms: ",n, tail (or rather C^iP, taiiiiim', as a sing., Ezek. xxxii, 2; "ilragon," xxix.o; elsewhere as a plur. and render- ed '-dragons," Job xxx, "29; Psa. xliv, 19; Isa. xiii, 22; xxxiv, 13; XXXV, 7; xlii, 20; Jer. i…
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"In tlie passages where scales and feet are mention- ed as belonging lo the /««, commentators have shown that the crocodile is intended, which then is synonymous with the leviathan; and they have endeavored also to demonstrate, where tannin draw the dugs to suckle their young, that seals are meant, although cetacea non…
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"jNIiicli criticism has been expended on the script- ural account of Jonah being swallowed by a large fish ; it has been variously understood as a literal transaction, as an entire fiction or an allegory, as a poetical mythus or a parable. With regard to the reniarUs of those writers who ground their objections upon th…
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"Whalley, Richard Chapple, D.D., a Church of England divine, was born in 1749. He received a su- perior education; displayed a passionate love for the fine arts in his youth; travelled extensively in Italy; and finally returned home, given much to scepticism. He became converted, however, soon after, and took or- ders.…
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as a pattern worthy of their imitation. Laban Clark said of liim, '• 1 think I may safely say, if I ever knew one wdio came up to .St. James's description of a perfect man — one who bridled his tongue and kept in subjec- tion his whole body — that man was bishop Whatcoat." See Minutes of Annual Conferences. 18G7, p. 14…
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ble and Prayer-book and Lectures on Prayer may also be regarded as additions to the educational repertoire. During the years 1833-41 the Tracts for the Times were issued, and for some years after Tractarianism was active and influential in the Church and in the univer- sity. The movement reached its crisis about 1843- …
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11; ChaW. Ezra vi, 9; vii, 22; Greek Matt, iii, 12; xiii, 25, 29, 30; Mark iv, 28 ["com"]; LiiUe iii, 17; xvi, 7: xxii, 31; John xii, 24; Acts vii, 12 [''com"]; xxvii,38; ICor. xv, 37; Kev. vi.G; xviii, 13; also Ju- dith iii, 3; Kcclus. xxxix, '2G). In the A. V. the Heb. words bar ("12 or 13, Jer. xxiii, 28 ; Joel ii, …
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WHEATON 977 WHEEL which it has been the object." The common Triti- cum vtilrjare will sometimes produce one luuulred grains ill the car. Wheat is reaped towards the end of April, in May, and in June, according to the difterences of soil and position. It was sown either broadcast, and tlien ploughed in or trampled in…
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Ancient Egyptian Clinriot-wheel. WHEELER 9V8 WHELAN Wheeler, Daniel, a distingiiishccl member of the Society of Frieiuls, was born in London. England, Nov. 27, 1771. Early in life he served in both tlie navy and the army. Having become a Christian, when not far from twenty-tive years of age, he joined the Society o…
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"Wheelock. John, D.D., LL.D., an American cler- gyman, was born at Lebanon, Conn., Jan. 28, 1754. He entered Yale College in 1767, but removed with his father Dr. Eleazer Wheelock, to Hanover, N. IL, in 1770, and graduated at Dartmouth College in 1771 ; was tutor there from 1772 to 1776; was elected to the Colonial As-…
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"Whip (^^'C:,sh6t; occasionally rendered " scourge," Job V, 21; ix, 23; Isa. x, 26; xxviii, 15). In ancient times, whips were used not only for driving animals, but also as instruments of torture; and even now, in Ancient Egyptian Whips. slaveholding countries, the unfortunate slaves are obliged to work with the fear…
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rnathematicce (1710): — Prinitice Christianiti/ Revived (1711-12) : — A Brief H istorij of the Revival of the A nan Heresy in England (1711): — Athanasius Convicted of Forgery (11 \2): — Three Essays onTrinitarianism {Yi Vd): — .4 Vindication of the Sibylline Oracles; to which arz added the Genuine Oracles Themselves (…
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Whitby, Daniel, D.D., an eminent English divine, was born at Kushden, Northamptonshire, in 1638. He was educated at Trinity College, Oxford, where he graduated in 1G57, and became a fellow in I()64; took holy orders, became chaplain to Dr. Seth Ward, bishop of Salisbury, and was made prebeiidary of Salisbury in October…
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White, Joseph (2) (called in Spain Don Jose Ma- rya Blanco i Crespo), a Roman Catholic priest, descends WHITE 982 WIIITEFIELD ed from an Irish Catholic family which had settled in Spain, was born at Seville, July 11, 1775. Being dis- satisfied with mercantile life, lie was educated for the Church, and was ordained …
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White, WiUiam, D.D., a Protestant Episcopal bishop, was born in Philadelphia, March 26, 1748. He passed A.B. at Philadelphia College in 1765, and was soon after ordained in England. On his return to America in 1772, he became associate minister of Christ Church and St. Peter's, Philadelphia, where he contin- ued till t…
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On the return of Mr. Whitefield, he found his congre- gation at the Tabernacle very much scattered, and his own pecuniary circumstances declining, all his household furniture having been sold to pay the orphan-house debt. His congregation now, however, began to contribute, and his debt was slowly liciuidating. At this …
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WHITEFIELD 984 WHITON the hearts of his coii<;regalions. lie was benevolent anil kind, forijivini; ami gentle; bnt lie was zealous and tirin, and seldom allowed his feelings to overcome his judgment. He was eminently' useful in having ex- cited a greater degree of attention to religion ; and millions have doubtless …
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Whitehouse, Henry John, D.D., D.C.L., a Prot- estant Episcopal clergyman, was born in New York city in August, 1803. He graduated at Columbia College in 1821, and at the General Theological Seminary (Epis- copal) in 1824 ; was ordained deacon the same year, and priest iu 1827 ; was rector of St. Luke's Church, Roches- …
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Whittlesey, William, archbishop of Canterbury, is supposed to have been a native of Wliittlesey, a town situated in the County of Cambridge, and received his education at the University of Cambridge. In 1349 he became master custos of his college, the third in succes- sion from the founder. In 13G1 William Whittlesey w…
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"Apart from the opposition which he encountered from the West India interest, the fearful excesses of the French Uevolution and the rebellion of the slaves in St. Domin- go led many to associate the abolition of the slave-trade with the frantic schemes of the Jacobins. For seven years this cause alone retarded the -suc…
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Wiley, Allen, D.D., a Jlethodist Episcopal divine, was born in Frederick County, Ya., Jan. 15, 1789. He re- moved to Indiana with his parents in 1804 ; was brought into the Church under the ministry of Rev. Moses Crume in 1810; licensed to exhort Sept. 10, 1811, and to preach July 10, 1813, and was admitted on trial in…
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sick (705), and had a vision in which the angel Gabriel revealed that the prayers of Wilfrid's pupils had ob- tained for him restoration to health, the recovery of part of his diocese, and four years of life. The king refused, on his arrival in England, to obej- the papal order, but died soon afterwards, and his succes…
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"Wilkins, John, D.D., an ingenious and learned English bishop, was born at Fawsley, near Daventry, Northamptonshire, in 1G14. He was educated at All- Saints', at New Inn Hall, and at Magdalen Hall, Ox- ford; took hoh' orders; became chaplain, first to Will- iam, lord Say, and then to Charles, count Palatine of the Rhin…
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WILL, ARMINIAN VIEW OF 989 WILL, ARMINIAN VIEW OF the course of their husbanclr_v, and the process of their manufactures; and he introduces you to their private life with a graphic vivacity which makes you at once a judge of tlie virtues and vices of the Egyptian char- acter, and a partaker, as it were, of the intimac…
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II. T/ie Freedom of lite Will. — Fatalism is a denial of the existence of free-will in any sense in which the term may be used. What is is, because it could not not be ; and what is not is not, because it could not be. The act- ual is equal to the possible, and the non-existent is equal to the impossible. Eternal fate …
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sciousness under grace ; that the unconditioned benefits of atonement include not only personal existence, but also all the refjuisitcs of a fair probation, among which the power to redise the evil and clioosc the good is chief, is fundamental and essential. These differences among theologians deserve mention in this c…
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(5.) As a corollary of the above, freedomists affirm that necessitarianism must, if consistent with itself, equally with fatalism, denv all moral distinctions and regard the idea of a moral government as chimerical. 2. Tlie principal arguments adduced in support of necessitarianism are as follows : (1.) Causality. — …
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The premises are unquestionable, but the conclusion is a non-seqiiitur. A future event may be certain, may be known as certain, and its opposite be possible notwith- standing; will be is not the same as must be. The argu- ment would be equally forcible if the foreknowledge of God were eliminated. Knowledge is not causa…
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Ch. iii, §1. God has " unchanRcably ordained whatso- ever comes to pass ; yet so as thereby neither is God the author of sin, nor is violence offered to the will of the creatures, nor is the liberty or coiitiiifrency of secoud causes taken away, t)iit rather established." Ch. V, 5 2. "Although, in rehuiou to the forek…
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III. Ability and TAherfy. — Hence Augustinians have sharply emphasized the distinction between liberty, the inalienable property of the human soul as a free rational moral agent, and ability, i. e. the power to will and do up to the full measure of our responsibility; or the power to will in a manner contrary to the pr…
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AVILL, CALVINISTIC DOCTRINE 994 WILLARD the denial of God's foreknowledge of future contingent events. V. The Edwardean /)oc<?iV«'.— Edwards wrote against the I'elas^ianizing Arminians represented h\ Whitby, and in a theological interest, as he supposed. He pro- posed to settle forever, by strictly logical process, …
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If the problem be pushed further, and we are asked to affirm the relation which the previous states of the soul sustain to its volitions, most theologians believe that no satisfactorj' answer has ever been given. The answer of Edwards that the volitions are determined, through a rigid law of moral causation, by the pre…
1,177 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.