PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 10
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,500,482 words · 1483 reading sections
Section 1381
4. It must be borne in mind, however, that the art of printing had not yet been discovered. All books, being in MS., had to be laboriously co|iied by hand, and were therefore rare and costly. This was especially true of the Bible, from its large size and the dead lan- guages in which it was written. The Latin Vulgate w…
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In 13G0 Wycliffe became known as a public opponent of the mendicant friars who infested England, interfer- ing with the school discipline as well as with domestic relations; and to this date his tracts on that subject are accordingly assigned. This was an effort in be- half no less of the people, who were weary with th…
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WYCLIFFE 1043 WYNNE formal paper ; but the proceedings were again abruptly, although not violently, ended by the interference of the populace in mass and the command of the king's moth- er; the prelatical judges retired in confusion with a pusillanimous injunction of silence upon Wycliflfe, to which, of course, he p…
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"Wylie, Samuel Brown, D.D., LL.D., a Re- formed Presbyterian divine and author, was born at Moj-larg, near Ballymena, County of Antrim, Ireland, May 21, 1773. He graduated at the University of Glas- gow in 1797; emigrated to Philadelphia the same year; taught a school at Cheltenham, Pa., until the fall of 1798, when he…
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No literary remains of sufficient extent to afford a proof of Wyttenbach's scholarly abilities are in exist- ence. A few Letters, mostly contained in the archives of Biel, are extant, which show him to have been a man of convictions and a courageous defender of truth and right. See Schenrer, Mausoleum (largely incorrec…
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His mission on the coast of Malabar accomplished, Xavier moved on to make other conquests for the Church, The kingdoin of Travancore was next enter- ed, and the most marvellous success followed his labors. He tells us that in one month he baptized ten thousand natives. With a zeal and energy not surpassed by any missio…
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A like spirit of unfaltering sternness was exhibited by Ximenes in connection with the conversion of the floors. Talavera, archbishop of Granada, was distin- guished for liberality of view and for zealous interest in the peaceful conversion of the Moors; but Ximenes, XIMENES 1046 YATES acting as the leader of the f…
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The principal source for Ximenes' life is Gomez, De Feb. Gestis a Fr. Ximenio Cisnero . . . Lihri Ocfo, in Rei'um IJisp. Scriptoj-es Aliquot (Frankf. 1581), vol. iii. Other Spanish works on Ximenes are given in Pres- cott. A French life was written by Flechier, bishop of Nismes. See also Hefele, Der Cardinal Ximenes, e…
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ties were equally decided in their feelings. His sud- den death found him at peace with (iod and ready for his change. He left no printed remains. (W. J. R. T.) Yates, Richard, D.D., an English clergyman, was born at Bury St. Edmund's in 1769. He was chai)lain of Chelsea Hospital from 1798, and rector of Ashen, in Es-…
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On Aug. 29, 1852, Young proclaimed the "celestial law of marriage," sanctioning polygamy, which he declared had been revealed to Joseph Smith in July, 1843. This was denounced by Smith's widow and her four sons as a forgery ; and, although the Mormon apostles had repeatedly and explicith' denied the imputation of such …
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YOUNG 1049 YOUNG MEN'S CHRIST. ASSOC'N with physical and mental activity, and uncommon nat- ural courage. Under the care of his affectionate moth- er, he grappled with many of those great thoughts which afterwards swelled his mature and manly heart. The simple grandeur of the New Test, impressed iiis mind, while the …
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Young, Patrick (Lat. Patridus Junius), a noted English clergyman and scholar, was born at Seton, in East Lothian, Scotland, Aug. 29, 1584. He was educat- ed at the University of St. Andrews, where he took the degree of A.M. in 1603. In 1605 he was incorporated A.M. at Oxford, took deacon's orders, and became chap- lain…
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" The Young Men's Christian Associations seek to unite those young men who, regarding Jesns Christ as their Rod and Saviour, according to the Holy Scriptures, desire to be his disciples in their doctrine and in their life, and to associate their efforts for the extension of his kingdom among young men." As a rule, the…
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"ijMoiwd, That, as these organizations bear the name of Christian, and profess to be engaged directly in the Saviour's service, so it is clearly their duty to maintain the control and management of all their affairs in the hands of those who profess to love and pul)licly avow their faith in Jesus, the Redeemer, as Divi…
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The work of the associations consists of prayer-meet- ings, Bible classes, social meetings, educational classes, meetings in jails, hospitals and almshouses, open-air YOUNG MEN'S CHRIST. ASSOC'N 1052 YOUNG MEN'S CHRIST. ASSOC'N Libiiuy ol Lhe lutiui; J\lcu s Christian Associatiou liuildiug iu New York City. services…
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German-speaking associations reporting Associations providing situations Persons provided with situations Associations conducting Bible classes Associations conducting daily prayer-meeliugs Associations conducting weekly prayer-meetings Associations conducting meetings in jails, hospitals, etc. eating secretarie…
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Sweden has 81 associations, with 3435 members. The following additional associations in various countries are reported: — Italy, 6; Spain, 8; Austria,!; Belgium, 16; India, 2; Syria, 4— the one at Beirut, or- ganized in 1870, has 60 members, and a library of 160 volumes; the others are at Damascus, Jaffa, and Naz- are…
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2. An Ephraimite, son of Tahath and father of Shu- thelah 2 (1 Chron. vii, 21). B.C. post 1875. 3. The regicide, son of an Ammonitess named Shim- eath, who, in conjunction with Jehozabad, the son of a Moabitess, slew king Joash, to whom they were both household officers, in his bed (2 Kings xii, 21 ; 2 Chron. xxiv, 25…
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Zab'diel (Heb. ZabdieV, hv^'^'^'21, gift of God), the name of three Jews mentioned in the Old Test, and Apocrj'pha. 1. (Sept. Za(iSu]\.) The father of Jashobeam, the chief of David's warriors (1 Chron. xxvii, 2). B.C. ante 1046. 2. (Sept. Zoj^pt?jX v. r. Badir]\.) Son of Haggedolim ("one of the great men") and overse…
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ZACCXJR 1056 ZACHARIAS to collect the imposts levied on the Jews by the Ro- mans, and who in the execution of that trust employed suballorns (the ordinary riXuiuai), who were accounta- ble to him, as he in turn was accountable to his superi- or, whether he resided at Home, as was more commonly the case, or in the pr…
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Zachari'ah («, 2 Kings xiv, 29; xv, 8, 11 ; b,2 Kings xviii, 2). See Zechakiah. Zachari'as (Zfl^opiof ), the Greek form of the Heb. name Zechariah ; applied to several men in the Apocrypha and New Test., besides those mentioned in the Old Test. : the priest in Josiah's reign (1 Esdr. i, 8), the lesser prophet ( vi, 1 …
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Zach'ary (Zach<irttis\ a mode of Anglicizing (2 Esdr. i, lOj the name of the prophet Zechariah. Za'cher ( lleb. Zc'ker, "151, in pause Za'ker, ^3T, meinorud ; Sept. 7ja\ol)f) v. r. 'AuK'j^oiifi), last named of the eight sons of Jehiel the founder of Gibcon, by his wife Maacliah (1 Chron. viii, 31) ; elsewhere (ix, 37)…
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2. Father of Jerusha, who was the wife of king Uz- ziah and mother of king Jothara (2 Kings xv, 33; 2 Chron. xxvii, 1). B.C. 755. 3. According to the genealogy of the high-priests in 1 Cliron. vi, 12, there was a second Zadok, son of a sec- ond Ahitub, son of .•Vmariah; and he is there given as the father of Shallum. …
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It is usualh' supposed that this hill is mentioned in Psa. Ixviii, 14 (A. V. "Salmon"); and this is probable, though the passage is peculiarly difficult, and the pre- cise allusion intended by the poet seems hopelessly lost. Commentators differ from each other; and Fl'irst, with- in 17G pages of his Ilandwurterhuch, di…
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Zam'bri {Zafif3pi, Vulg. ZuJnri), the Greek form ZAMBRIS lOGO ZAPHNATH-PAANEAH (1 Mace, ii, 26) of the Heb. name (Numb, xxv, 14) Zim- KI (q. v.). Zam'bris (Za/iiSpic v. r. Zfr/ti/Spi), a corrupt Greek form (1 Esiir. ix, o4) of the Heb. name (Ezra x, 42) AJIAUIAH ((J. v.). Za'moth (Za/iw-& v. r. ZajUci^, Vulg. Z…
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Zaph'nath-Paane'ah (Heb. Tsaphenath' Paa- ne'dch, n3>S rSSU; Sept. '^ov^oj.Kpavijx, Vulg. sul- vator mundi), a name given by Pharaoh to Joseph (Gen xli, 45). See Joseph. I. Finm of the Word. — Various forms of this name, all traceable to the Hebrew or Sept. original, occur in the works of the early Jewish and Christia…
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Za'ra {'Lapa), the Greek form (Matt, i, 3) of the Ileb. name Zekah (q. v.), the son of Judah. Zara. See Talmtd. Zar'aces (ZapaKin; v. r. 7.apalo<:; Vulg. Zaraceles), a corrupt Greek form (1 Esdr. i, 38) of the Heb. name of the brother of Joacim (Jehoiakin), king of Judah, probably Zkuekiah (q. v.). Za'rah (Gen. xxxv…
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Za'reth-sha'har (Heb. Tse'reth hash-Sha'char, "iriTi'rt r/Hi!, splendor of the dawn; Sept. Sdp^ Kal ^iwp v. r. ^tpavd Kai ^luiv; Yu\g. Seret/i Assafia?-'), a place in the tribe of Reu- ben, situated in the mountain ha-Emek (A. V. "Mount of the Valley"), i. e. in the ab- rupt edge of the Jordan or Dead Sea valley (Josh…
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Psa. Ixxxiii, 12 purports to have preserved tlie very words of the cry with whicli Zebah and Zalmunua rushed up at the head of their hordes from tlie Jordan into the luxuriant growth of the great plain — " Seize these goodly pastures !" While Oreb and Zeeb, two of the inferior leaders of the incursion, had been slain,…
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Zebi'na (Heb, Zehina', N3'^2'r, purchase; Sept. T^ajiviv V. r. 'Lfjiivvcn:; Vulg. Zabiiia), one of the "sons" of Nebo, who divorced his Gentile wife taken after the return from Babylon (Ezra x, 43), B.C. 458. Zebina. See ALEXAxnER, Zeboi'im (Gen, xiv, 2, 8), See Zeboui. ZEBOIM 1064 ZEBULUN Zebo'im, a name whic…
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At the time of the descent of Jacob into Egypt, Zeb- ulun had three sons — Sered, Elon, and Jahlecl (Gen. xlvi. 14) — who became the founders of the three great families into which the tribe was divided (Numb, xxvi, 26). Though the first generation was so small, this tribe ranked fourth in nmnbers among the twelve, whe…
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The four Northern tribes formed, as it were, a state by themselves (Stanley, Jewish Church, i, 266); and among them Zebuhin became distinguished for warlike spirit and devotion. In the great campaign and vic- tory of Barak it bore a prominent part (Judg. iv, 6, 10). Deborah, in her triumphal ode, says, "Zebulun and NT…
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1. (Sept. 'LciKyovp v. r. Xawovp-) Ninth named of the ten sons of Jehiel, the father or founder of Gibeon (1 Chron. ix, 37). B.C. cir. 1G18. In 1 Chron. viii, 31 he is called Zaciier (q. v.). 2. Son of Meshelemiah, or Shelemiah, a Korhite, and keeper of the north gate of the tabernacle of the congregation (I Chron. ix…
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17. The son of Jeroboam II, being the fourteenth king of Israel, and the last of the house of Jehu. There is a difficulty about the date of his reign. We are told that Amaziah ascended the throne of Judah in the sec- ond year of Joash king of Israel, and reigned 29 years (2 Kings xiv, 1, 2). He was succeeded by Uzziah …
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24. The eleventh in order of the twelve minor prophets. 1. Of his personal historj' we know but little. He is called in his prophecy the son of Berechiah and the grandson of Iddo, whereas in the book of Ezra (v, 1; vi, 14) he is said to have been the son of Iddo. Various attempts have been made to reconcile this discr…
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no common jealousy; and large numbers of their breth- ren had not yet returned from Baliylon. It was a ques- tion, therefore, that seemed to admit of much debate. It is impossible not to see of how great moment, un- der such circumstances, and for the discharge of the special duty with which he was intrusted, woidil b…
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Even in the form of the visions a careful criticism might perhaps discover some traces of the prophet's early training. Possibly the " valley of myrtles" in the tirst vision may have been suggested by ChakUca rather than by Palestine. At any rate, it is a curious fact that myrtles are rarely mentioned in the history of…
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The next two visions (ch. iii, iv) are occupied with ZECHARIAH, BOOK OF 1070 ZECHARIAH, BOOK OF the Temple, and with the two principal persons on whom the hopes of the returned exiles rested. (3.) The permission granted for the rebiiildins; of the Temple had, no doul)t, stirred afresh the malice and the animosity o…
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(8.) Immediately on these visions there follows a symbolical act (vi, 9-15). Three Israelites had just returned from Babylon, bringing with them rich gifts to Jerusalem, apparently as contributions to the Tem- ple, and had been received in the house of Josiah the son of Zcphaniah. Thither the prophet is commanded to go…
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2. The second section (ch. xii-xiv) is entitled "The burden of the word of Jehovah for Israel." IJut I.si-dcl is here ii^ed of the nation at large, not of Israel as distinct from Judah. Indeed, the prophecy whicii follows con- cerns Judah and Jerusalem. In this the prophet be- holds the near approach of troublous times…
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'•That wliich moveth me more than the rest is in ch. xii, which contains a prophecy of the destruction of Jernsa- lein, and a description of (he wickedne-s of the inhabi- tants, for which God would give them to the sword, and liave no more pity on them. It is expounded of the de- struction by Titus: but methinks such a…
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According to this hypothesis, we have the works of three different prophets collected into one book, and passing under one name: (a) Ch. ix-xi, the book of Zech- ariah I, a contemporary of Isaiah, under Ahaz, .about 730; (i) ch. xii-xiv, author iniknown (or perhaps Uri- jah, a contemporary of Jeremiah), about (507 or 0…
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'2. The notes of time are also peculiar: (1.) It was a time when the pride of Assyria was yet at its height (ch. x, xi), and when the Jews had al- ready suffered from it. This first took place in the time of Menahem (B.C. 772-761). ('2.) The Transjordanic territory had already been swept by the armies of the invader …
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5. The style of the two prophets is different. The author of this last section is fond of the prophetic for- mula: fT^i^T, "And it shall come to pass" (xii, 9; xiii, 2,3,4,8;'xiv,6, 8, 13, 16); N^nH oi*?, "in that day" ZECHARIAH, BOOK OF 1074 ZECIIARIAII, BOOK OF (xii, 3, 4, C, 8, 9, 11 ; xiii, 1, 2, 4; xiv, 8, 9, 13…
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2. Of far more weight, however, than the arguments already advanced is the fact that the writer of these last chapters (ix-xiv) shows an acquaintance with the later prophets of the time of the Exile. That there are numerous allusions in it to earlier prophets, such as Joel, Amos, Micah, has been shown by Hitzig {^Comme…
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only involve them in certain destruction. This diffi- cult passage Stiihelin admits he cannot solve to his sat- isfaction, but contends that it may have been designed to teach the new colony that it was not a part of (iod's purpose to reunite the severed tribes; and in this he sees an argument for the post-exilian date…
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Such are the grounds, critical and historical, on which Stahelin rests his defence of the later date of the second portion of the prophet Zechariah. We have given his arguments at length as the ablest and most complete, as well as the most recent, on his side of the controversj'. Some of them, it must be admitted, are …
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III. Style and Diction. — Some of Zechariah's pecu- liarities in these respects have been noticed above. It will have been already perceived that the symbols with which he abounds are obscure, and their prosaic struct- ure is diffuse and unvaried. The rylithm of his poetry is tmequal, and its parallelisms are inharmoni…
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1. Son of Chenaanah, a prophet at the court of Ahab, head, or, if not head, virtual leader, of the college. He appears but once, viz., as spokesman when the prophets are consulted by Ahab on the result of his proposed ex- pedition to Raraoth-GUead (1 Kings xxii; 2 Chron. xvili). B.C. 896. Zedekiah had prepared himself …
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His original name had been Maffaniah, which was changed to Zedekiah by Nebuchadnezzar when he car- ried off his nephew Jehoiachin to Babylon, and left him on the throne of Jerusalem. Zedekiah was but twenty- one years old when he was thus placed in charge of an impoverished kingdom, and a city which, though still stron…
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In the meantime Pharaoh had moved to the assist- ance of his ally. On hearing of his approach, the Chal- dieans at once raised the siege and advanced to meet him. The nobles seized the moment of respite to reassert their power over the king, and their defiance of Jehovah, by re-enslaving those whom they had so recently…
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Nebuchadnezzar himself was then at Riblah, at the upper end of the valley of Lebanon, some thirty-five miles beyond B.aalbek, and therefore about ten days' journey from Jerusalem. Thither Zedekiah and his sons were despatched ; his daughters were kept at Jeru- salem, and shortly after fell into the haixls of the no- to…
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Ze'lek (Heb. Tse'lek, pb^, Jissure ; Sept. ^tWijK and "EjiXeyi v. r. 'E\i and 2f/\»'j), an Ammonite, one of David's thirty heroes (2 Sam. xxiii, 37; 1 Chron. xi. 39). B.C. 1046. See David. Zeloph'ehad (Heb. Tsehphchid', ins^:;:, of uncertain etymology; Sept. SaXTTrtfio v. r. Si/X^tiof, etc.), son of Hepher, son of Gil…
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Zem'aiite (Heb. with the art. huts - Tsemari', "'"I'Qiin, evidently a patronymic or rather patrial from Zemer [see below]; Sept. o ^aj.iapaiog: Vulg. -S'«- vuiroeus), the general designation of one of the Ilamitic tribes who in the genealogical table of Gen. x (ver. 18) and 1 Chron. i (ver. 1(5) are represented as "son…
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Zeno Tiin Stoic. See Stoics. Zephani'ah (Heb. Tsephanyah', H^rEIi' [in the prolonged form Tsephanya'hu, iin"3SjJ, 2 Kings xxv, 18], hidden of Jehovah; Sept. ^oipoi'iat; v. r. [in 1 Chron.] '!£a(pavia(:, Vulg. Suphonias), the name of four Hebrews. 1. A Kohathite Levite, son of Tahath and father of .\zariali, in the an…
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The Jews absurdly reckon that here, as in other su- perscriptions, the persons recorded as a prophet's ances- tors were themselves endowed with the prophetic spirit. The so-called Epiphanius {De Vitis Prophet, ch. xix) asserts that Zephaniah was of the tribe of Simeon, of the hill Sarabatha, aTTo upovg 'EapajSaSfd. The…
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It has been disputed what the enemies are with whose desolating inroads he threatens Judah. The ordinary and most probable opinion is that the foes whose period of invasion was " a day of the trumpet and alarm against the fenced cities and against the high towers" (ch. i. If.), were the Chaldaeans. Hitzig especially, C…
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There has often been noticed in this prophecy a gen- eral or universal character, rather than specific predic- ZEPIIATH 1084 ZEPHATH tions, though these are not entirely wanting. This tend- ency is in harmony with the position which Zephauiah was called to occupy in the course of divine providence ; for he lived at…
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Zeph'athah (Heb. Tsepha'thah, nrz:i, vafch- \ ioicer ; Sept. Kara /Soppav ; Joseph us, Sn^S'a, -4 ?!^ viii, 12. 1 ; Vulg. Sephatci), the name of a valley ('^N5) where Asa joined battle with Zerah the Ethiopian (2 Chron. ! xiv, 10). It was " at," or rather " belonging to," Mare- ' shah (ild'I'Q!?; Josephus, ovk aTrw^er}…
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2. The Date. — The war between Asa and Zerah ap- pears to have taken place soon after the tenth (2 Chron. xiv, 1) or early in the tifteenth year of Asa (xv, 10). It therefore occurred in about the same year of Usarken II, fourth king of the twenty-second dynasty, who be- gan to reign about the same time as the king of …
1,146 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.