PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 10
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,500,482 words · 1483 reading sections
Section 841
The general distinction of clean and tmclean is rightly observed l)y Michaelis {iSmit/i'f: Tiand. art.ccii, etc.) to have its parallel among all nations, there being univer- sally certain creatures regarded as clean, i. e. fit for food, and the rest as the opposite (comp. Lev. xi, 47). With the greater number of nation…
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creature for the camel as the " ship of the desert" that to eat him, especially where many other creatures give meat much preferable, would be the worst economy possible in an Eastern commissariat — that of destroy- ing- the best, or rather tlie only, conveyance in order to obtain the most iiulilferent food. The liare …
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The prohibition to "seethe a kid in its mother's milk" has caused considerable difference of opinion among com- mentators. Michaelis (art. ccx) thought it was meant merely to encourage the use of olive-oil instead of the milk or butter of an animal, wliich we commonly use in cookery, where the Orientals use the former.…
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but on a different princi|)le : " Duplex fuit immundities Ilebr. Ihia erat peccatum, (piia praecepto Dei vetita, talis erat comedere carnes immundas. Talis etiam erat pati lepram, etc. Altera non erat vetita, sed solum in- dicata et statuta. talis erat tangere leprosum, etc. Ihec non erant peccata, scd tantum in<lucel)…
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(3.) Equally noticeable, as might be expected, are the traces of this havoc as displayed in the various unclean- nesses of death — the third and last of our chapters of classification; and herein we recognise the deeper im- plication of our human race in the ruin, above all other living beings. " By the law of Jloses,"…
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(2.) Besides these cases of official uncleanness, we find one instance sui yeneris occurring in Deut. xxiii, 10, 11, which, with its purification, is thus described : " If there be among you any man that is not clean bv reason of uncleanness that chanceth him by night, then shall he go abroad out of the camp . . . but …
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roth, purifications — relating to lesser uncleannesses which last but a day; 6. Mikvuotli, collections of water for the cleansing baths, etc. ; 7. Xidda/i, menstrual pollu- tions; 9. Zubiiii, men that have seminal uncleannesses; 10. Tibbul i'dw, washed by day (see above); and 11. Yailttim. hands— the coiisiitiitions in…
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Underwood, Alvan, a Congregational minister, was born at West Woodstock, Conn., Sept. 8, 1777. He graduated at Brown University in 1798, studied theology with Kev. Dr. Sanger, and was ordained pastor in his na- tive place in 1801, dismissed in 1833, and thereafter sup- plied for nearly ten years vacant churches, partic…
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Uniates are Eastern Christians in external com- munion with tlie see of Rome, and are most numerous in those provinces which formerly belonged to Poland. When Sigismund III was elected to the crown of Po- land, being a zealous agent of the Jesuits, he at once took measures for reconciling the Polish Church to Rome. His…
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Little, however, can be urged in favor of the rhinoc- eros, for, even allowing that the two-horned species of Abyssinia (/^. bicornis) may have been an inhabitant of the woody districts near the .Jordan in Biblical times, this pachyderm must be out of the question.as one which would have been forbidden to be sacrificed…
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III. The Unicorn Proper. — 1. Le(jendary Notices.^ Throughout classical antiquity (as seen above) vague ni>tions of a true unicorn prevailed. In the o)'0( aypioi of Ctesias, which were larger than horses — white, with a horn on the forehead a cubit long, which were very swift and strong, not ferocious unless at- tacked…
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Uniciilus, a Low-Latin term for an alms-box with a perforated co\er. Uniformity. The ecclesiastical use of this ■word is to denote the use of one and the same form of public jirayers, administration of sacraments, and other rites, etc., prescribed by the Acts of Uniformity. The first of these was issued by Parliament …
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UNION OF CHURCHES 641 UNITARIANISM felicity (1 Pet. i, 8), spirituality (John xv, 8) ; and, in- deed, all the rich communications of spiritual blessings here and hereafter (Col. i, 22). The evidences of union with Christ are : light in the understanding (1 Pet. ii, 9) ; affection to him (John xiv, 21) ; frequent com…
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Unitarians consider the doctrine of the Trinity a gradual development, as Gentiles came into the Church and subjected the Gospel to the influence of Oriental speculations and Greek philosophy. The followers of Zoroaster and Plato, teaching the eternal antagonism of spirit and matter, tilled the time with speculations c…
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2. The Reformation reveals Unitarianism existing, and awakens it to renewed life. It accompanied Prot- estantism from its cradle, as it had accompanied primi- tive Christianity. Before Luther's death it had ap- peared in Italv, Hungary, Poland, Switzerland, Ger- many, and England. In the contest with the pope and his h…
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UNITARIANISM 643 UNITARIANISM craving heart of thoughtful Italy. He there says, " I have made choice of Chaniiing as the most eloquent witness and an irrefragable proof of the new evolution of Christian thought in the world, and of the reform which is in process of initiation in human religiousness ; because in the …
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9. In Transylvania, Unitarian ism was earliest de- clared by Francis David, first Unitarian pastor and bishop; and afterwards by Socinus and by Georgio Blandrata, an Italian from Piedmont, who became court physician to Sigismund. In 1540 David preached to a multitude in the open streets of Thorda, asserting the Father …
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congregation in Suffolk, and a conspicuous champion of the humanitarian theology. Believing in the Bible as a divine revelation, and in the miracles as creden- tials of Christ's authority, while continuing to hold some tenets of Calvinism, he rejected the Trinity and vicarious atonement as unscriptural, wrote to show l…
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II. Organization and Present Condition. — During the eventful decade just reviewed, Rev. William Ellery Channing (born in Newport, R. I., April 7, 1780), then in the prime of manhood, with early ripeness of spiritual fruitage, became, by eloquence of tongue and pen, the conspicuous leader of the Unitarian movement. At …
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UNITARIANISM 646 UNITARIANS territorial districts have been formed also local confer- ences with more frequent meetings, which have been successful in fostering fellowship and co-operation, and a more devout and earnest religious life. Without otlicr ecclesiastical authority, the govern- ment of the churches and th…
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Unitarians, a general name for those bodies of professed Christians who do not fully recognise the equality of the three Persons in the Godhead. The essential errors of Unitarianism, as evangelical Trin- UNITAS FRATRUM 647 UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST itarians regard them, are a denial (n) of the true di- vinity of Jes…
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From this time these godly men became co-laborers, and travelled extensively through Eastern Pennsj-lva- nia, Maryland, and Virginia. In the meantime other German ministers of "like precious faith" were raised up through their labors, and numerous societies were formed in the states mentioned. It seems to have been no …
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III. Organization and Government. — The polity of the Church is outlined by the following constitution, established in 1841 : We, the members of the Chnrch of the United Breth- ren iu Christ, iu the name of God, do, for the perfecting of the saints, for the work of the ministry, for the edify- ing of the body of Chris…
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During the past thirty years the denomination has been active in the educational work, and has now thir- teen colleges and seminaries and one theological school. The latter is located at Dayton, O., and wholly under the management of the General Conference. The Missionary Society of the Church is thoroughly organized,…
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Three parties arose in the Church. One, generally called the Confederalists, under the leadership of Prof. Hengstenberg and Dr. Stahl, maintained that the union consisted in a mere external confederation and subjec- tion to the same general Church government; and that the individual churches remained Lutheran, Reformed…
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United Methodi.st Free Church, an English branch of the Methodists which was formed in 1857, when the Wesleyan Methodist Association and the larger portion of Wesleyan Reformers amalgamated. The origin of this Church dates back to 1827, when See Simpson, Cyclop, of Methodism, s. v. See Meth- ODISJI, 8. United Nestor…
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Connecticut was contested ground between the Eng- lish settlers of Plymouth and the Dutch of New Neth- erlands. The Dutch, finding that the English were about to establish a colony in the valley of the Con- necticut River, built a fort at Hartford called tlie House of Good Hope ; but this was not regarded by the Eng- …
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Delaware was settled by the Swedes. Gustavus Adolphus, as early as 1626, had formed a plan of colo- nization, but was prevented from carrying it out by dif- ficulties at home, and the plan was put into execution by Oxenstiem, the Swedish minister. In the early part of 1G38 a company of Swedes arrived in Delaware Bay. T…
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UNITED STATES 653 UNITED STATES until 1705. But the largest liberty of conscience was allowed, and a field opened for the sowing of precious seed. South Carolina was colonized in 1670, and Old Charles- ton founded. The present city of Charleston was laid out and a beginning made in building ten years later. In 1G86…
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The first attempt to colonize Texas was by the French under La Salle in 1087 ; but this great explorer lost his life in returning towards the Mississippi during tlie same }'ear, and the men who were left to liokl the post established were either killed or driven away. In 1090 a trading-post and a mission were establish…
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New Mexico was colonized by the Spaniards about the close of the 17th century. Many missions were es- tablislied by the Roman Catholics and many of the In- dians were converted to that faith. The mineral wealth of the country was discovered, the colonists opened and worked the mines, and enslaved the Indians for that p…
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l,5yi»,04S 32,011 3,078,709 Sabbath-desecration and preserve a wholesome re- gard for the laws of God. The !lIorraons of Utah hnd it to their interest to add to their numbers b}^ means of converts se- cured in European coun- tries. These, however, make their homes within the limits of the Mormon territory, and their …
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UNITED SYNOD 656 UNIVERSALISM Lake region and the Mississippi valley from France. See Roman Catholic Ciiuucii in the United States. The Quakers (q. v.) originated in England, and found their waj' among the American colonists. They found- ed large and flourishing colonies of their own, and prop- agated their doctrine…
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UNITY of the Human Race. See Adam. Universal Bishop, a title assumed by the Ro- man prelates succeeding Gregory I (590-CO4). The patriarchs of the Eastern Church, particularly John Jejunator, had claimed the title of acumenical patri- arch. This Gregory denounced as arrogant and anti- christian. The title, however, wa…
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Dr. Chauncy's arguments in favor of Universalism {Salcation of All Men) are these: 1. Christ died not for a select number of men only, but for mankind uni- versally, and without exception or limitation, for the Sacred Scriptures are singidarly emphatic in expressing this truth (John i, 29 ; iii, 16, 17 ; Hom. v, 6 ; 1 …
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See PuNiSHJiKNT, Future. Universalists, a Christian sect believing in the final destruction of sin and the reconciliation of all souls to God through the Lord Jesus Christ. They claim that there is proof of the existence of their doctrine, Universalism, and of the activity of its advocates un- der various names, from …
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Universalism almost wholly disappeared during the period known as the Dark Ages, although there are oc- casional glimpses of it even in the mutilated records which the papal Church has permitted to descend to us. In the 7th century, Maxiraus, the Greek monk and confessor, taught Universalism ; in the 8th, Clem- ent of …
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In Switzerland Universalism was advocated in the last century by Marie Huber, whose World Unmasked was translated and republished both in England and America. In 1786 Ferdinand Oliver Petitiiierre pro- mulgated Universalism in a work entitled Thoughts on the Divine Goodness, of which several English and Amer- ican edit…
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countable for the deeds of all the members united to that head. Accordingly Christ, in his corporate capac- ity, was truly guilty of the offence of the human race, and could be, as he actually was, justly punished for it ; and the race, because of this union, really suffered in him all the penalty which he endured, and…
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Contemporary with Murray and Winchester was Ca- leb Rich, of Massachusetts, who gathered a Universalist society in the towns of Warwick and Richmond. Mr. Rich may be said to have anticipated many of the views afterwards tiiore fully elaborated by Hosea Bal- lon, and probably had great direct influence in forming the -o…
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"Art. 1. We believe that the Holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments contain a revelation of the cliariicter of God, and of the duty, interest, and fluul destination of mankind. " Art. 2. We believe that there is one God, whose nature is love, leveuled in one Lord Jesus Christ, by one Holy S|)irit of Grace, who …
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UNIVERSALISTS 663 UNIVERSALISTS only perfect way, truth, and life for man ; that he is Lord both of the dead and the living, able to save to tlie uttermost, i. e. in all places and under all cireum- stances, all who come to ( Jod by him ; and that he must reign till every creature in heaven and in eartli. and under …
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2. The Dedication of Children.— When .John jMurray began to preach in America, he was frequently impor- tuned by parents to baptize their children; but, believ- ing that adults were the only proper subjects for Chris- tian baptism, he refused. As, however, he regarded children as the gift of (iod and members of the bod…
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The "Universalist Historical Society" was organized in 1834 for the collection and preservation of facts per- taining to the history and condition of Universalism, togetlier with books and papers having reference to the same subject. It has a library of over 2000 volumes, now at Tufts College, College Hill, Mass. The c…
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V. Practical Religion and Consolation : Chapin, Dis- courses on the Lord's Prayer, Lessons of Faith and Life, Hours of Communion, The Crown of Thorns; Adams, The Universalism of the Lo?-d's Prayer; Bacon, The Pas- toj-'s Bequest (sermons) ; Ballon, Counsel and Encourage- ment (discourses on the conduct of life) ; Thoma…
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Universe, as defined by Dr. Porter (Human Intel- lect, p. 640), is the collective whole, the totality of be- ing as a iniit; the world, in its philosophical or univer- sal sense. For its origin, see Cheation ; Would. University, a universal school; an assembly of students of all countries, students in every branch of …
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1. One of the relatives of Heman who were ajipoint- ed door-keepers and musicians to tlie tabernacle bj- Da- vid (1 Chron. XV, 18. 20). B.C. 1043. 2. One of those appointed to a similar service on the return from Babylon (Neh. xii, 9). B.C. 535. Unni, an archbishop of the 10th century who made a missionary tour into …
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ITnxia, a surname of Juno in Roman mythology, was the goddess of anointing. The young women in Rome are said to have anointed the doors of their fut- ure dwellings with salve before entering them, in order tiiat nothing evil should enter their house. From this, Juno, the directress of marriages, received the above name…
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UPHARSIN 668 UPPER CHAMBER rested his attention, and. after a severe striigt;le, he accepted Clirist as liis Savioiir. By his conversion, all his lilV-plaus were chanijed, and he resolved to devote himself to the service of the Lord. He became a member of the First Baptist Church in Providence, K. I., in the fall of…
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UPSAL 669 UR on account of their size and coolness as places for as- sembly (Acts i, I'S; XX, 8), anil for similar reasons the (lead were laid out in them (ix, 39). There ap- pears to have been an upper room over the gateways of towns (2 Sam. xviii,3o), and on their roofs, as being the highest part of the house, ido…
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5. It may be added that Tuch regards Ur as a Median town called Oiipa by Strabo (xi, 523), a view followed to some extent by Evvald, Lengerke, Kitter, and Knobel. III. Probable Identification. — It will be seen that of the four or five localities thought to have a claim to be regarded as Abraham's city, two (or three)…
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to Palestine. Half the trilje were bent on a less distant jour- ney; and with them the question must have been, where could they, on or near the line of route, obtain an un- occupied territory. They could not di- rectly cross the open desert between Bab- ylonia and Palestine. EA'en caravans trav- elling from Bagdad to …
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'Ur retained its metropolitan character for above two centuries, and even after it became second to Babvlon was a great city, with an especially sacred character. ins of Temple at Mugheir. The notions entertained of its superior sanctity led to its being used as a cemetery city, not only during the time of the early …
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ban returned to Rome (1093) and from that time in- terfered most notably in the affairs of the world. He excommunicated I'hilip of France, who had driven away his (pieen and married Bertrada, consort of count Eulco of Anjou. At the Council of Clermont (1095) he forbade the investiture of bisho|)s by the hands of the la…
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Urban VI, the first to ascend the papal chair in the period of the " great schism," was previously named Bartholomew of Prignano, and was a native of the citv of Naples. He became archbishop of Bari and followed (iregory XI, April 8, 1378, the people of Rome having demanded an Italian pope. He attempted to reform the m…
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URBANE 674 URIAH 433 sq. ; Gieseler, Leh?-b. d. Kirchengesch. (Bonn, 1855), iii, 2, 592; llerzog, Jieal-Iuicyklop. s. v. Ur'bane [some Ur'bane, others Urba'ne] or rather Ukban (i)vpfiav6c, (ira'cized from the Lat. Urhamm, i. e. of the citi/, or urban), a Christian at Home saUited by Paul as having been his associat…
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XJrghier, in Thibetan mythology, is one of the su- preme deities of the Lamaites, generated from a flower. Urgiaffa, in Norse mythology, was one of the nine giant maidens who were mothers of Heimdal. U'ri (Heb. Uri', ''~}^^, fiery [comp. <I>wTu'oe]), the name of three Israelites. 1. (Sept. Ol'pi or OiipiaQ.) The fat…
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2. A priest during the reign of Ahaz (B.C. cir. 738), whom Isaiah took as a witness to his prophecj- concern- ing Maher-shalal-hash-baz, with Zechariah, the son of Jel)erechiah (Isa. viii, 2). He is probably the same as Urijah the priest, who built the altar for Aiiaz (2 Kings xvi, 10). If this be so, the prophet summo…
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4. Uriel is also named in the Apocrypha (2 Esdr. iv, 1,3(); V, "20; X, 28) as an ani:;el or archangel; and in the book of Enoch he is described as "the angel of thunder and lightning" (ch. xx), and as being '• placed over all the lights of iieaven" (Ixxv, 3). Urii, in Slavonic mythology, was a deity among the Wends, w…
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2. Besides these direct statements, there are others in which we maj', without violence, trace a reference, if not to both, at least to the Urim. When questions pre- cisely of the nature of those described in Numb, xxvii, 21 are asked by the leader of the people, and answered by Jehovah (Judg. i, I ; xx, 18) — when lik…
919 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.