PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
A Dictionary of the Bible — Volume 2
James Hastings · 1,212,658 words · 1201 reading sections
Section 181
24. Shecaniah (23) : Shemaiah, Hattush, IgaJ, Bariah, Neariah (25), Shaphat, 1 Ch 3-. 25. Neariah (24) : Elioenai (26), Hizkiah, Azri- kam. 26. Elioenai (25) : Hodaviah, Eliashib, Pelaiah, Akkub, Jolianan, Delaiah, Anani, 1 Cli 3-*. This completes the list of the descendants of David. 27. Zeruiah (Iti) ■ Abishai, J…
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The genealogy Hur, Uri, Bezalel ia an evident insertion from Ex 312, and is out ot place in a scries of gentilic and geographi* cal names or relationships. 37. Shobal (36) : Haroeh (Reaiah, 2 Ch 4'), half Menuliotli, 1 Ch 2^'. Haroeh (~^^n) is prob. textual error tor Reaiah (n.'^n) s. Shobal In 1 Ch 42. On halt .Mcni…
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On Ashhur (=Hur) see under (35d). F. of Tekoa, ace. Ki. is an annotation, cf. 1 Ch 224 (35^). Tekoa is near Bethlehem (see Tekoa). Naarah, evidently not this one, was a town on the borders of Ephraim and Benjamin (Jos 167), but no such locality has yet been identified with Judah. Hepher, mentioned in connexion with Tap…
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51. Elah (50) : Kenaz, 1 Ch 4^'^. Kenaz as 8. Elah is surprising (assuming that the genealogy is not of persons), unless Elah is the name of the distriel of Elath or El-paran, which might have been the early home of the Kenizzites, or the name of a tribe to which Kenaz be- came subordinate. Perhaps a transposition ibo…
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Sered, Elon, Jahleel, Gn 46", Nothing further than their mention is known of these clans. Klon, probably an epouym from the clan, is one of the minor judges of Israel, who was buried in a place of the same name whose locality is unknown (Jg lalit, cf. Moore, in loc.). Ne genealogy of Zebulun is given by the Chronicler…
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The list of names given in this genealogy has a suspicious look. They appear Tike a repetition of tlie same elements. Not only is Shuthelah repeated (4), but there ia ft sUiking ■unilarity between the other names. pvV of Eran. pv"? Laadan. rt^iJ^H Eleadah. "iy'?K Elead. nSn^i? Shuthelah. nSni and Telah. wnn Taliat…
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If, however, as we have assumed, Hushim is a Benjam. family or individual, Aher may be identical with Ahiram (l^) (RVm) or with the Benjaminite Shoharaim (8) (onqS'), who had % wif« Hushim (iCh 88- "). GENEAOLGY GENEALOGY 131 7. Ehud : Uzza, Ahihud. 1 Ch 8«-. The verses from which (7) is taken are difflcnlt of Int…
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Looking at these lists (7H24) as a whole, they evidently were based upon post-ex. conditions, for the following reasons : — (a) 'The places of residence (not mentioning Jerus.) are towns recur- ing in the post-ex. history, — Geba (v.8), cf. Ezr '228 ; Lod and Ono (v!i2), cf. Ezr 233 ; Gibeon (v.29), cf. Neh 7-». (6) Ma…
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(b) Of Gad: Ezer, Obadiah, Eliab, Mishmannah, Jeremiah, Attai, Eliel, Jonanan, Elzabad, Jere- miah, Maclibannai, 1 Ch 12'". (c) Of Maiuisseh : Adnah, Jozabad, Jediael, Michael, Jozabad, Elihu, Zillethai, 1 Ch 12». All of these recruits are mentioned as mighty men of valour. Those of Gad are said to have had faces hke…
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GENEALOGY GENEALOGY 13J 3. Dal id's Officers over the Twelve Tribes of Israel — Of Reuben, Eliezer s. Zichri. „ Simeon, Shepliatiah s. Alaacah. „ Levi, Hasliabiah s. Kemuel. „ Aaron, Zadolv. „ Judali, Eliliu * brother of David. „ Issachar, Omri s. Michael. „ Zebulun, Ishmaiah s. Obadiah. „ Naphtali, Jeremoth…
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., Uat^aba. Akkub. , Airr-iba. Aoud. Uta. Ketab. „ Accaba. „ Sal mat f9 SubaL „ llanao. .^nan. „ GiddeL 9t Cathua. „ (>ahar. tt Ocddur. ,f Ht-aiah. Jairus. „ Ilczin. t Daisan. „ NekodA. t Noeba. Chase ha. Gazero. „ Uzza. ( Ozios. „ rjuicah. » Phinoe. Asara. „ Besai. t Basthai. Asana. …
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IshmoeL IsmaeL BinnuL Kliali. NethaneL NathanaeL ShimeL Sonicis. Jozabad. Ocidelua. Shelcmlah. Sclemias. Elasah. Saloas. Nathan. Nathaniaa. L Lbvites— m. Ezora. Ezr 102S. 1 Es 03». Sesis. Jozabad. JozabduB. Adaiah. Ezril. Shimei. St'uiL'is. MachruidebaL Az-iolua. Kelaiah (KeUU). Pethahiab- Coliu…
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2. BeJijarninilrs- — Sallu(soe VIII. 24). Ibneiah ( s. Jeruham. Elah t s. Uzzi, s. Michrl. Meshullom t s. Sbephatiob, B. Ueuel, s. IbniJolL Gabbai.* Sallai.' Joel • s. Zichri (the overseer). Judah * s. Hossenuoh (second over the dtyX 8> PrieKts — Jedaiah.) Joiarib. Jachin. Scraiah (see III. 14). Adaiah (se…
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XVIII. 3. XIX. 3, XIX. 4. Hashem, XIII. 2. Ha.shubah, IV. 22. llasshub, XXI. 4. llatliath, IV. 47. Il.atush, IV. 21. Ilaziel, 111. 7. llazzflelpnni, IV. O. IKlah. IV. 42. IKldai, XIII. 2. lU-linl, Xlll. 2. llilelii, Xll. 8. Herosh, XXL 4. Ilezir, III. 15. Hezro, XIIL 2. Hizki, VIII. 13. Hod, Xll. 7. Hodaiah, IV. 26. Ho…
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note, 111. 40'!, HI. 43«, IV. 16, XIH. 6, XVII. Id, XIX. 3. Netbaniah (2), III. 8, III. 41'>. No^rah, IV. 17 note. Nobah, VIU. l^. Obil, XIH. 4. Obel, IV. 22. Ol'brab, IV. 48. Oren, IV. 0. Othni, III. 25 note. Dzem (2), IV. 6, IV. 18. Pasach, XII. 4. Paseah (2), IV. 45, XIV. 7. Pelt.iah (3), IV. 26, XVIII. 3, XX. IK…
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138 GENEALOGY OF JESUS CHRIST GENEALOGY OF JESUS CHRIST i. Trkatmf.xt of the Question by Jesus AND THE Apostles. — If the progress of critical and exegetical science has shown, on the one side, tlie futility of all harnionistic theories for rescuing the authority of the pedigrees, it has more than compensated for the…
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The first known harmonist of the Gosp«^ls is Tatian, a pupil of Justin Martyr. Hia Diatessaron, however, avoided the difficulty by omitting the genealogies altogether. Half a century later the problem was courageously coufronted by Africanus, a careful scholar, for many years bisliop of Nicopolis (previously Emmaus) in…
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Hut the proposed theory labours under further difficulties. As Plummer well says io}). cit. p. in;l) : 'It would have been quite out of harmony with either Jewish or Gentile ideas to derive the birthright of Jesus from his mother. In the eye of the law- Jesus was the heir of Joseph : and therefore it is Joseph's descen…
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* Cf. the dL-cad of Davidida from HftoanisJ] •• of Zerub tc Uodaviah in 1 Ch :>ii'-''> (llaupt's («xt). 140 GENEALOGY OF JESUS CHEIST GENEALOGY OF JESUS CHRIST Jesus. Our judsraent as to the probable historical value of sucli current lists must be formed in the light of ancient testimony (see below). The genealo^'y…
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iv. External Evtdence. — In the absence of other evidence, the seemingly late character of the names of the suppo.sed Daviilid;e of Mt and Lk might perhajis be insutiicient to justify doubt. But the careful investigations of Af ricanus {oj). eit. ), when compared with the earliest NT treatment of the subject, and the f…
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GENEALOGY.— Timothy is warned (1 Ti 1«) not to give heed to fables and endless genealogies {ixrjbi TTpofjfx^^^ ti.v6oi% Kixi yfvtaXoyiati dTTfpdfrots), and i'itus (3") to avoid foolish questions and genealogies (/twpd? 5^ ^tjTiiaci^ Kal yeyraXoyia^). What were these 'genealogies'? Some Fathers towards the end of the se…
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3. lULI fiUfttcttri\, u-yyihuv Tuvr.'yCpIt awei ixx\r,ffi» Vfia/roTCKMV. * And to myriads, a genera! assembly of angels and a congre- gation of firstborn.' That is. myriafis both of angels and of firstborn. This is the view of Wolf, Itambach. Oriesbach, Bengel, Kn.ipp, Bohrae, Kuinoel, Tholuck, De Wette, Lach- mann, T…
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Literature.— Oi/. Heb. Lex. t. nh and nii^in, and Thayer- Grimm, NT Lex. 8. j-wMt, etc. W, JJ. BENNETT. GENERATION In the phrase 'generation of vipers,' which occurs in Mt 3' 12»' 23^ Lk 3', the Greek tr^ 'generation' is yenv^/iara (plu. of y(mr)ixa, which in the best texts occurs only in those places, elsewhere yiv-…
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The narrative is continueil in the lik. of Exodus. The lik. of Genesis contains tlie lirst portion of the historical narrative which runs continuou.sly from Genesis to the end of the liks. of Kings. The book, therefore, jiresents an obvious unily of design; and the manner in which parenthetical and subsidiary material…
1,078 wordsSECTION 205Section 205
P is also characterized by an avoidance of an- thropomorphisms. There is no mention of angels or of visions in sleep. God is described as ' appear- ing' (Gn l-i-2-2.-s 359.13 483)^ and as 'speaking' (Gn 1-8 6'3 71 8'»-!li); but, as compared with the other writers whose materials are incorporated in the Pentateuch, P is…
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' He is penetrated by the thought of Jehovah's mercifulness, long-suffering, and covenant faithful- ness. He delights to trace tlie successive stages in the development of faith. It is he who tells how Abraham " believed in the I.onl, and He counted it to him for righteousness." . . . The Jahwist appears, in fact, to s…
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(1) The name forGod is ' Elohim ' O'^^S). The sacred name nin^, according to E. was first revealetl to Moses. Accordingly it is not emploved by E until after Ex 3**. Other names are also employed by him, as ' El' '?N (Gn 88">8.5'40') and 'Adonai' 'Jlst (Gn 20»). The name •tiacob' is preferred by E, even after the narr…
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(25''"' 3o'-^, perhaps 4'^»), and partly to introduce new notices, or new phases o! tra<iition which were not mentioned in the three chief documents (10* 32"; perhaps 2'"-'*, and in 10"; ll-si" ol"" lo' 22-, etc.). Sometimes possibly u.se wa.s also made of materials taken from other sources than J. E, and P {e.g. perha…
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'i'he dithculty which besets the modern student is how to distinguish the substratum of actual history from the accretion of later legend and from the symbolism of Kastern description. The task is one which will probably defy all the attempts of existing .scholarship. Future discoveries may bring fresh light to bear up…
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148 GENESIS GEXNESAHET, LAND OF theoliigy to be found so close, as it were, beneath the surface as in the Book of (jcnesig. 1. The foumlalions of a true and spiritual relijiinn are contained in llie teacliini; of tlie early chapters of Genesis. Tlirouirh the medium of tlu' prehistoric legend, the Israelite writers …
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LrrnKATCKH. — For the structure of GiMicsis, tlio F.nplish stiulent is now well eciuipped witll tlu- rcreni literiUure on tho .sulijeet: Driver. LOT; .\<i(iis. Docmiifntt of the Ilixatfiu-lt : Frip[i, ' 'om intfiitiou of the Book of Gen fxiH ; C. .1. liiill. * Honk of Geiie-sis.' ,SBf)T; nutl Spurrell, Kotes on the Tex…
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Qoiim (n'Sa * nations,' or C'^irrSj ' all the nations *) occurs very freq. in OT as a designation of non^Jeicigh peoples (1 SS'^-^', 2 K ISffl 19", I Ch 1-1" 1(P», 2 Ch 3223 30I4, Neh 6", Ps 7910 lOft" etc.). The phrase gflU haggoiim {D;i:n h'^3 'circle of the nations') was applied to a district in the N. of Pal., whos…
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LiTKRjiTl'RB.— Schflrer. UJP n. 1. 61-66, 299-30.';, U. 291-327, ill. 2:.;l, -iUSf. ; Briggs, ileu. Proph. 207, 391; W. R. Smith. Proph. of Itr. 330 ; Oehler, OT 'theoL L 461, U. 3«3, 373, 31W ; W i:\ta, ^'T Theol. i. 120, jL 17. 180, 289 f.; Wclaicker, ApotU Age. I. 02f. ; Keuss. Thfot. Chr». au tifeU apott. i. Si3f. …
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2. The Tahhland oj Western Palestine and tht Desert of the Tih. — This forms the central and largest ph'^'sical district of Palestine, stretching from the base of the Lebanon to the northern margin of the mountainous region of Sinai. On the west it is bounded by the low-l3-ing Maritima tract ju.st described, except whe…
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side, or depressed on the west — a view which can be demonstrated at many points by a comparison of the strata along the opposite sides of the valley. Thus at the saddle of er-Kishy, above referred to, we find the Cretaceous limestone forming the clitl's on the west side of the valley, while on the opposite side the Ed…
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The soutliem portion of this tableland within the limits here imposed is made of very ancient formations, consisting of granite, schist, porphyry, and other igneous rocks which pass, in a northerly direction towards Petra, below great masses of red and variegated sandstone of, perhaps, two Geological ages, the Carboni…
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* Tlie elevationa were determined by the officers of tha Ordnance Survey of Sinai. The height of Jebel MQsa, calculated by .Mr. R. Laurence from Suez by aneroid, waa 7685 ft., and from 'Akabah was 7695 ft., both over those of the Ordnanci Survey, but probably less reliable. (See Hull, llauiU Seir, 48). GEOLOGY OF PALE…
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1 he Nubian sandstone is probably a lacustrine deposit laid down over the tioor of a vast inland lake, the boimdarics of which, owing to extensive ge<dogical changes, it is now impossible to define except at distant intervals. One portion of this boundary was undoubtedly formed of the rocks of the Sinaitic group of mou…
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((/) Upper Eocene? Calcareous Sandstone of Phil- istia. — This formation is frequently laid open in small sections between Beersheba and Jafl'a, and in the Plain of Philistia. It consists of soft yellowish calcareous sandstone ; but its relations to the Creta- ceous and Nummulite beds are unknown, as the junction has n…
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(tiiickness unknown) . . . (oy#r)2 0 ,, The shells in bed No. 3 consist of the penera TurritfUa, Di-ntalium, ArtemU, Pectin, Cardium, Ontrea, and spines of All along the lower parts of the Maritime Plain extendingfor several miles inland from JalTa, and rising from 200 to 300 ft., shelly sands and beds of gravel may …
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In opposition to the rwkhriy who is often a mere passing stranger (' thou earnest but yesterday,' 2 S 1520), the g^, while not homebom, is a temporary dweller in the land (Gn 23* IP I 3-^'iB)^ of Abraham at Hebron ; Ex 222 (jj of Moses in the desert, 183 [E] to expL^in the name Gershom ; fig. of J", Jer 143 ; of Israel…
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This sj'ncretism in worship and tolerance of dissent from the national religion, which were greatly favoured by the existence of a multitude of local sanctuaries, received a check through the introduction of the Deuteronomic legislation with its central sanctuarv, but far more through the enactments of the t*riests' Co…
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in the Gr. period by the Maccabees (which see); but for the further elucidation of the sub- ject we must refer the reader to such articles as Ha.sid*ans, Pharisee, Proselyte. LiTBRATCRB, — Bertliolet's monojrraph, Die StfUung d. Jrr. u. d. Judi. zu (/. Fremiien (to which the saiiie obli;rationH are due as in ftrt. Fok…
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The early history of Gerasa is unkno\vn ; it first appears in history as an important fortified city in the account of its capture (c. S3 B.C. ; BJl. iv. 8) by Alexander Jannji-us, the Hasmonrean king of the Jews. Having subdued PeUa, he directed his march on the city of Gerasa, lured by the treasures of Theodoras, son…
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GERASA GERASENES 169 the public buildings are constructed in connexion with this main thoroughfare. They were all of about the same date, and, taking it all together, this city is the most complete example of the Roman work of the time of tne Antoniiies in SjTia. They are constructed on one general plan, and cannot …
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GERASENES.— The country of the Gera.senes (AVof Mt s-^Gergesenes; Mt 5' Lk 8-» Gadarenes; RV in Mt Oadarenes, in Mk and Lk Gerasuiics) is referred to in NT onlj- in connexion with the cast ingout of the legion of demons and their entry into the herd of swine. There are three distinct read- ings of the name of the jieop…
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O WARRFTtf GERGESENES.— See Gerasenes. GGRIZIU (D'n? VT har Gerizztm, the modem Jebel et-fUr). — This important mountain faces its northern companion Ebal, having in the narrow pass between them the town of Nflblus (Neapolis), the ancient Shechem. Its height, 2849 ft., makes it lower than the other by 228 ft., but it…
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4. Chrutian. — The most conspicuous ruins in Gerizim at the present day are those called in Arabic cl-^uldah, ' the fortress.' We have here the remains of the church built by the Christians in the reign of Zeno in A.D. 475, wliich, having been destroyed by the Samaritans, was afterwards enlarged and fortified by Justin…
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162 GERSON GESTURES Joslma and Eleazar after the entry into Pal., thirteen cities in the territories of eastern Man- asseh, Issachar, Asher, and Naphtali were assij;ned to the Gershonites (Jos 21''; -'-^^ [P] = 1 Ch 6'" "-'«). 2. In the reign of David, as narrated by the Chronicler, we have several references to th…
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In 2 S 2" 'Geshurites' (•l'i:'^u) should perhaps be substituted for 'Ashurites' (nsc'sn). So Vulg., Syr., and Thenius, Ewald, Wellhausen. Others prefer to read n-'yc (' Asherites,' cf. Jg 1-"). This is adopted by Kiihler, Kamphausen, Klostermann, Budde, and others. J. F. Stennino. GESTURES. — 1. An emotional necessi…
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Many particular gestures and special actions might be noted. The beggar at the door brings his forefinger acros.s bus teeth to prove that he has eaten nothing that day (Am 4''). In friendly explanation, as an act of aflfectionate persuasion, and as a liberty of familiar friendship, the hand is put under the chin, and …
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GETHSEMANE [Vee(rriiiavel).—A ' plotof ground ' (xoipiov, Mt 20^*, ^Ik 14^'^), which appears to have been on the Mt. of Olives (Lk 22™) and beyond the ravine of the Kidron (Jn 18'). The 'garden' or enclosure [KiiTroi) belonging to it was the scene of our Lord's Agony. The name (from n? ' press ' and \ia 'oU') means 'oi…
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When the Egyptians under the Pharaohs of the 18th dynasty conquered Canaan, Gezer was placed under an Egyptian governor. In the time of the Tel el-Amama tablets (B.C. 1400) the governor was Yapakhi, and we hear of Gezer (Gazru) along with Ashkelon and Lachish sending provisions to Jerusalem. Subsequently, however, Geze…
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'He wisnat pale as a tor-pyned ( = tonnent«d) goost" The application to the Holy Spirit is also very early. Thus Malory, Morte d' Arthur (Globe ed.), xill. viii. 7—' In the midst of this blast entered a sun-beam more clearer by seven times than ever they saw day, and all they were alighted of the grace of the Holy Gho…
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There was a time when the biblical accounts of giants were interpreted and coloured by the traditions and supposed historic remains. More lately there is a tendency to interpret them in the liglit of the unreality that is now assigned to the extra-biblical traditions. These facts are a reason for scanning carefully the…
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W. of the Jordan, the Av\'im were near Gaza at a very early period (Dt 2^). The repha m. are mentioned along with the Kenite, the Hittite, tiie Perizzlte, the Amorite, etc. (Gn 15-°), as in the land, apparently, in Abraham's time. The Anakim are not mentione<l by name in connexion with this early period, but we are tol…
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This u.se of language is certainly significant. GIANT 167 Apparently, it shows that the ^^Titers of OT regard the giants, not as a group of nationalities or peoples, but simply as a breed of men, existing in several varieties. With this agree statements made concerning the giants at all periods. Tlie Davidic giants,…
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GIBEA (N^':3).— A grandson of Caleb (1 Ch 2»»). It is now generally admitted that the list of the descendants of Juuah through Caleb given in 1 Cli oj-'ir. is geographical rather than genealogical, and comprises all the towns lying in tlie Ncgeb of Judah, to the S. of Hebron ('Wellh. Praleg. p. 217). G. is probably onl…
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In 20^', however, another Gibeah seems to be referred to by the narrator. After twice sufl'ering defeat at the hands of the Benjamites, the men of Israel lay an ambush against Gil/eah, and then entice the Benjamites into ' the highways, ot ^/KoCXot/, iiix^* *T0 '■*'► '\tpoiro\C{jM> erw aire TpioLX£>Ta r-reiitafp GIBE…
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(3) In the appendix to 2 S (21-24) Gibeah ia mentioned as the scene of the tragic incident of the hanging of the seven sons of Saul (2S21'"'*). The famine, which had troubled the land for three years, is declared by J " to be due to the slaughter of the Gibeonites by Saul, though no such act is recorded in the history …
1,076 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain historical reference work (1898–1905); OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.