PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
A Dictionary of the Bible — Volume 2
James Hastings · 1,212,658 words · 1201 reading sections
Section 1141
2. ' Justification ' was, further, a common experi- ence under the Old Covenant. The proof of this lies first and foremost in the fact oi forgivene.'!s, which St. Paul treats as constituting an integral part of justification, even if he does not, as some hold, identify the two. Forgiveness followed on the ottering of a…
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Abraham was a morally faithful man of the type of Cornelius. The special command and promise given him by God, and his ready obedience, both taken together, rendered possible a higher relation tlian was open to Gentiles under the condition! pre\iously aescribed. In and through Abraham, God took the principles of hered…
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(Neither the Roman Catholic and other present- day kindred doctrines which represent justification as in some sense imparting re<u righteousness; nor the traditional or ' orthodox ' doctrine of an im- putation of the righteousness of Christ, are true to Scrip:ure, though each of them embodies a •ertain aspect of the tr…
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C. Waukin. 830 KAEZEEL KADJIIEL K KABZEEL ('JK53B, B Ka.j3ot<rtXfi)\, A Kacrfff^X).— A towTi ill the extreme soulli of Judah, on the border of Edoiii, Jos 15-'. It is mentioned in 2 S '23» (B KojSeff«T)\ ; cf . I Ch 1 1'-^) as tlie native place of Ben- aiah, tlie son of .Jeh(iia<la. In Neh 11^ it appears under the…
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KADESH HODSHL ON THE ORONTES.— See Tahtim- KADMIEL (SxiTi'ii!). — The name of a Levitical family which returned with Zerubbabel, Ezr 2*"= Neh 7'" (cf. 1 Es 5'-*). The expression which follows, namelj", 'of the children of Hodaviah ' (or Hod- evah), is apparently meant to limit the Kadmiel family to tnose members who…
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modem MVtdy Ifanah, the channel of a small stream rising near NAblus (Shechem), is regarded by Conder as representing the ancient ^anab (Hnnilhiiuk to the Bible, 263); but Thomson (/,«nd nnd Buok, 'Southern Pal.,' 56) considers that this tributary of the 'Anjch would put the boundary too far to the south (so also DiUma…
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It is plain that the identification of Kedar with the Arabs, which is clearly found in Ca 1', and prevails in the later Jewish literature, had already commenced in Assyrian times ; thus whereas Esarhaddon calls a certain Hazael king of Aribi (Cylinder A of the Esarhaddon Inseriptions, ed. Harper, p. 8), Assurbanipal, w…
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KEDEMOTH (Mtrp).— A place apparently on the upper course of the Amon, assigned to Reuben, Jos 13", and a Levitical city, 21" (=1 Ch 6" [Heb. •"]). The ' wilderness of ^kedemoth * is men- tioned in Dt 2-' as the point from which messengers were sent by Moses to Sihon. The exact site is unknown, although it has been su^r…
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Keilah is commonly identilied with Khurbft Kiln, about 7 miles east of Eleutheroiiolis, and 1575 ft. above the sea. This is reconcilable with the statement in the OnviniustUon, that it is 17 miles (perhaps it should be 7, Jerome has it 8) from lyieutheropolis, on the road to Hebron ; but it is diHieult to think of so e…
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It is thus clear that the K. were regarded as closely allied to the Isr., or at all events to the tribe of Judah. As the father-in-law of Moses was priest of Midian, it would seem that they were also connected with the Midianites. Like the Beddwin, they were nomads, and the descrip- tion of the Rechabites (Jer So""'") …
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limitation imposed upon a power or a knowledge that was His by right (cf. Gore, ubi infra, p. 2)H- f)ttley, IncariHilion, ii. 291), ' He willed not to use His power, not to use His knowledge,' i» a surer formula than ' He could not.' (h) It has been also applied to limitations im- po.sed upon the Incarnate Christ with…
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KEROS. — Name of a family of Nethinira who returned with Zerub., Ezr 2" (DiB) = Neli 7" (oVj;). KESITAH.— The klsUah (.-raVi?) is mentioned only three times in the OT (Gn 33", Jos 24«, Job 42")- In the first and primary passage — to whicli one of the other passages certainly, and both probably (cf. Budde's ' Hiob,' Ei…
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Doors or gates are sometimes barred on the inside. The bar often extends from post to post across the door, but frequently the bar is inserted into a recess in the wall from whicli it is partly withdrawn, and so secures the door. Kor use of ' keys ' in Ml 10'" .^ee art. I'OWER OF Key.s. W. Carslaw. KEZIAH (nv'sp, i.e…
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The generally accepted explanation of the name (['ii'ip from root "np ' become black ') is from the dark colour of the stream or the ravine. Baur, vho haa bepn follon-ed b,r llil)r»nfe1d, hu mads tlllf thf* baais of an elahorat« attack on the Fourth Oo«ii«I, arfuinff that the writer has ima<ine<l K<2p^ to b« the lenit…
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The first mention is in 2 S 15=", where in the story of David's flight from Absalom it is recorded that he passed over the brook (nalial) Kidron. "The neyt mention is in 1 K 2", in the prohibition to Shimei against his ever crossing Kidron. This passage has been relied on by some scholars {e.g. Bir G. Grove) as showing…
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This characteristic of the prophet Joel may, however, Bugrgest ft somewhat ditlerent conclusion. His frequent use of the names of real localities in his prophecies may be appealed to as making; it probable that the vision of the Valley of Jehosha- phat may also be connected with a real locality. It may be noted that th…
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Christ revealed Uod as the Father of men, and the kindness and mercy He enjoined on His fol- lowers resemble the type of these which is mani- fested by God. The divine Father regards men as potentially His true sons, and yearns for the prodigal's return (Lk 15*). "To etfect His merciful purpose He uses the instruments …
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{lendent on it. The office in such cases appears to lave been normally (apparently not in Edom, Gn 36"") hereditary.t 2. Side by side, however, with this there existed in each Semitic city the conception of a divine King who was supreme over tlie whole people, and from whom it had come into being. The frequency with w…
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Nothing but the strongest necessity could justify (as by God's answer to Samuel it ditl justify) the commencement of a system which temied to repress the development of the free life of the individual Israelites, a life which might otherwise have attained much sooner the realization of tlie perfect liberty of tlie idea…
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" In the m»lnlen»noe of the hereililiir.v principle we may we, prolMibly, the chief caua« of Uie longer duration of the SouUieni Kin^'iloni. I 1-or the exlatenc* ot tM» ■•ni>lii-e in Eg>-pl at ooronatlona, cf. T. T. rcrowne in Suiitli" l)l>' I. 1:17. I W, 11 Siiiltli (A> pp. 21i, *K) .Miijecturr* (n) from Pa 4.v>, co…
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3. Religious. — In all early Semitic nationalities, and especially in Israel, religion was bound up with the unity of the people. For a king to neglect the worship of the national god would be to alienate a large proportion of his subjects, who, believing themselves to have sprung from theii' god, felt that his honour …
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(d) We are not told the reasons why the census was taken by David (2 S 24' [J']), but perhaps one was the desire to eciualize taxation, as was evidently that of Solomon s division of the country into twelve districts (1 IC 4'),* whicli were only pirLly named after the twelve tribes, though roughly coextensive with them…
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(k) Although these officials were necessary for the working of the monarchical government, which probably always tended to obliterate the old land- marks of the tribal system, with its semi-inde- pendent elders (these are still mentioned under the monarchy, 1 K 20', 2 K 23'), yet by the very sever- ance of tlie ruling …
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obeys the creative word of God, is included within tlie will of God, and called forth by Him' {OT Theul. ii. ISO, Kng. trans.). On this com iqition of God as Creator rests the doctrine which pervades the whole OT of Hii unlimUf.d dominion or riilt in nature and proridcnce. Tlie ethical or spiritual kingdom of^ llod res…
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2. But this brings us to the next cardinal point in the OT doctrine. The kingdom of God on the basis of creation just indicated was not realized. Tlie narrative of creation is immediately succeeded in our oldest history by the record of the Fait — of a turning aside of man from his primitive innocence — which frustrate…
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The stadia in the development of this OT idea of the kingdom of God are those of the history of the chosen people itself. Kor Israel was, in the root conception of its history, a i>eople of God, a people whom God had chosen, ana called, and formed into a nation for His own praise (Ex IS)"", Is 43"). The name 'theocracy…
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and art. by KiJhler on ' Abraham ' in third ed. ol Herzog's RE). (6) Hitherto, while the foundations are being laid stron" and deep, there has been no specific mention of a kingdom of God, such as we meet with in the transactions of Sinai next to be adverted to. A kingdom of God in the only form in which mankind at ti…
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frew old, and his sons did not walk in his steps, 'hfcu came the clamour lor a cliange— for a trial 5f » new system. Instead of the projjlict, we have the royal Saul— a king after the people's hearts, but yet not after God's heart. In all this, none the less, is to be distinguished an onward move- ment,— a step to the …
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M8 KIXGDOM OF GOD KINGDOM OF GOD luiles to this representation are found in the psalms which depict tlie sull'crings that fall upon the godly (Ps5-14. 22, etc.), and in the historical exani[)les which show it to be a universal law that the righteous must suH'cr at the hands of the wicked, iis well as with and for th…
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KINGDOM OF GOD KINGDOM OF GOD 849 that in the time of our Lord neither Plinriaee, nor Sadducee, nor Essene, had any hold of a concep- tion of the kingdom wliich answered to the deep, spiritual, vital import of the idea in OT. The few who cherished more worthy views were to he sought for in the private circles of the…
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3. In examining the teaching of Jesuson the nature of this kingdom, we do well to start from the point alreailv established — the connexion of the kingdom with llis own Person. Nothinjj is plainer than that, in His own \-iew, Jesus is not simply the Founiler of this kingdom, but it is His kingdom as well as the Father'…
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We return to the more particular consideration of the second title, 'Son of God,' which, on the face of it, expresses the consciousness which Jesus had of His relation to God, just as the previous title expressed His consciousness of the relation He sustained to men. Those are undoubtedly right who warn us off from see…
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sphere of God's fatherly love and rule in heart* truthfully submitted to Him through His Son : o( His gracious, unbounded self-communication for the blessing and enricliment of His people. This doctrine of Jesus as to the divine Fatherhood, how- ever, is not oft'hand to be identified, as it so often is, with the doctri…
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Still endeavouring to keep in view the inward and essential nature of this kingdom, or reign of God among men, which Jesus came to introduce, we aie led oy the representations of the Gospels to foim such conceptions of it as the following. In what is said under these heads, the connexion of the kingdom with its Founder…
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KINGDOM OF GOD KINGDOM OF GOD 853 earthly care (Mt G^'** 7''") ; in its estimate of goods, it sets supreme store on the kingdom and its righteousness, and seeks these beyond all material blessinjfs (Mt G^'-"- "■") ; in its relation to man, it shows itself in mercy, forbearance, forgiveness of inj tries, active benef…
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854 KINGDOM OV GOD KINGDOM OF GOD driven, by the passages already cited, to see in it more than tlie mere illustration of a general law of sacrifice (Jn 12-"--''), or a proof of fidelity in His vocation. We must take an incidental saying like Mk \0r" ' For even the Son of Man came ... to give his life a ransom for m…
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7. One topic more, of considerable importance, we must allude to before leaving this part of our subject. It is the much canvassed question of the relation of the idea of the kingdom of God to that of the Church. If our pre\'ious exposition is correct, these ideas are not quite identical, as they have frequently been t…
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At first sight the contrast between the apostolic gospel and the teaching of Jesus in the Synoptics, as respects the use made of this idea of the King- dom, IB sufficiently marked ; but when we consider the subject a little more carefully — looking rather to the essence of the doctrine than to the language employed — a…
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acy of God's will in all the departments of private, social, and public life. It raaj' be that the time has come for a resuscitation of this idea of Jesus whiili the exigencies of tlie apostolic age threw somewhat into the background ; and that new applications and triumplis await it in the com- plexities of our modern…
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The religious standpoint of the writer of Kings is that of the Book of Deuteronomy. He is deeply imbued with the spirit of this book, and his lan- guage is strongly coloured by its phraseology (see below). Tims his aim is to apply to the past history of his race, from the time of Solomon and onward to his own day, the…
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3. Method and Cii.vnACTERisTirs of tiik Editor. — The editor of Kings, in denling with a period of al>out4CK1 years in length, naturally make; use of earlier written documents for the puriKiso which he has in vie*-. Tlie.-«e documents, which fonn his sources of information, are in some ca.s<'9 expressly iiaimil. We hav…
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A brief verdict as to his character, always un- favourable, and generall}' con.sisting of two parts ; a. Statement of the general fact that he did evil it the sight of J " ; b. More special mention of hie following the sins of Jeroboam. The conclusion of the account of a reign takes the following form : — 1. An indicat…
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1 . '• ni-; o -cv Keep the charge of J" : I 2», Dt 11 ' j cf. Jo8 22'(l)-). 2. '• 'm3 l'?n Walk in the toai/s of J" : I 2' 3" 8" ll^w.IHS' Uli» Uai9»2(i"28»3(i'», Jos22'>(I)''). Zee 3', Is 42«, 2 Ch 6", Pg 81" ("Heb.) 119' 128' ; cf. Hos 14"('"Hel>). 3. iT'i-iyi vppf~ivtiiipn'ppn"C5*A'e«r) Aw »<«<«<«, nnrf Am rommnni…
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24. There hath not f tided {\\l. fallen S5;) one icord of all /ii.« good prumisc which he promised: I 8", Jos21*'23"(t"itli D'). 2.'). That all the people qf the earth may k-nuw, etc. : 1 8*. Jon • Me I'cup 1 4^ iD'). P60 KINGS, L AND IL KINGS, I. AND II. 26. That J" he is God (lit. the God o-n^sn) ; there is non…
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40. nxt.n -ij^sn n^-ixn 'Jup From vpun this good land- I 14", Jos 23"- "'(I)=)t. The usual phrase in Dt ol the land of Canaan is .ij'icn [-ixn t/ic good land ; of. Driver, Deuteronomy, p. Ixxxi. 41- \VO fi!'''? '"3!'l •"'7^ J ■■'V??'''? ^H On every high hill, and under every green (or spreading) trc; % I 14=», II 17",…
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57. Reference to David as the ideal standard of a riphteous king : I 3»- »• '• 9* 11<- •• »• «" 14" lo»- »• ", II I4» l(i- 18»22*. 58. (•-=1) ^'jK in jifp^ For David thv father's (my or hl.t servant's) sake : I 11»- !»• »■ m *1I 8'» 19»* 20« ; cf. I 15n. 59. A lamp (tj) for Da\-id (figurative of a lasting posterity):…
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The caaea of the use of *unfo this dav.' which otifrht to be noticed aa implrjing the continued existence oj the ktn.jdom uj Judah, are the following ; — I S^ (the ends of the staves of the ark Btill to be seen projectiiijc from the Adytum into the Holy Klace t) : 9^1 (the Canoanites 8tiU sulije^-led by Israel to forc…
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• So Kuenen, Onderzoek, § 26 : Wellhausen, Composition, g298fl., etc. Konig, on the contrary, holds that the editor of mgs compiled his work not earlier than B.c. 688, i.e. duringthe Exile (Einlrilunff, § 63»). t In speaking of a second Deuteronomic editor (ROl) it is not, of course, intended dogmatically to assert t…
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3*'" is an ancient nnrrative, to some extent revised by R", wliose hand may be traced in vv.«-8«. 12. r4 i^jtkrases Nos. 2. 3. 8. 9. 57. 60. 63). Probably also v.", at least in its present form, is due to K", since if according to v.* ' the great hit;li place' was at Gibeon, it is diflicult to understand why Solomon sh…
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6"''*, which is omitted by LXX, is not, as ia generally assumed by critics, the work of 11", but Ls due to a post-exilic editor, who shows acquaint- ance with the Law of Holiness (H) and the Priestly code (P). The section contains some I) phrases, such as could, and did, pass from D into P, but other expressions belong…
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In 7" read nis? ov''^ ' for 30 cubits,' in place of ' for 10 cubits.' ■J21-S7 ig JQ a ygry disordered condition, and but little help in reconstruction can be obtained from the Versions. Stade's rearrangement and emen- dation is well worthy of notice. He distinguishes between two parts of the carriages of the lavers : …
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9''', the account of Solomon's second vision, is coloured throughout by the phraseology of Ri> {phrases, Nos. 3, 28, 29, 30, 51, 52, 57, 60, 61). Owing to the terms in which this section speaks of the exile of Israel and the destruction of the temple (w.'-'§), it is regarded by Kuenen, Well- hausen, Stade, and Kamphaus…
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* This verse originally stood in coroblnatioo with A* (Hob. 6<) ; see on A**. t Notice especially In t.» the text of Lua if^u^a mtl I«m, <.«. '1 OJll?' TPP5 '" P'»^"e o' ""W:' nll'C,-?. .'nWotiwni himiri/ burnt Incense and sacriflccd to the itnuige gods, but this fact has been toned down bv some later tiand into the s…
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12'"". In this narrative w."- "•'^■''* appear to be additions of a later hand. V.", witli its refer- he prediction of Ahijali, probably pre- ll"*- in its present form, and must in this cAse be due to R". Vv.'^'"", stan<ling in close connexion with v." (cf. v." 'for it was a thing brought about of J',' v." ' for this th…
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Demonstrative pronoun f. n? II 6'^. Cf. Aramaic K7. Infln. constr. verb .Y'S with suff. 'n.'inriy'n? II 6'8, perhaps presupposing form without sufT. n^inn^'n with termination as in Aram. (cf. Dalman, Oramm. Jiid.-Pal. Aram. p. 2S9f.). Relative S?' in 13i'"J'P (if not a textual error) II 6". So Jg 6' (N. Palestine) 8"…
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On the other hand, the following considerations clearly make for the unity ol the two narratives : — II 9'"', the meeting of Joram son of .Ahab with Jehu actually upon the estate of NalKith is a touch of high ilranmtic power which demands that the writer shouM not merely have known the story of Naboth (proved by vv."*…
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868 KINGS, I. AND II. KINGS, I. AND II. tor I 21 and II 9, any more than can the fact that I 17-19 always speaks of Ahab siniiily, he used to connect this section with I 21, hecause ililVerent writers may easily have employed the same obvi- ous citation of the proper name ; yet tlie fact of the disagreement in form …
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Traces of later interpolation are not numerous. In I 18 the reference to the 400 prophets of the Asherah is probably to be regarded, with Wellhausen, as a later insertion. Notice the absence of nx before "n.^'x.'i '.^'2}, and the omission of all mention of such prophets in vv.^-'"'. The insertion seems to exhibit a lat…
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Thus tins latter section must be regarded as a later addition to the narrative of Kings (K""; phrases, Nos. 3, 16, 28, 29, 49), referring probably to the Samaritans of jiost- exilic times. V.*''' rounds oil' the interimlation by the repetition of v.*"*, the statement of the older narrative to which the later writer att…
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t In aililitlon to the authorities cited at the end of thia article, cf. the Literature given under Isaiah, especially I>ill- mann, Jrtaia, IhOO, p. SlolT. ; fheyne, Introdutlion to tAt Book of Itaiah, IH06, p. SI! IT. (where, however, the writel procee^ls upon the assumption that Kings was not compiled until alter B-C…
946 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain historical reference work (1898–1905); OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.