PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 5
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,342,977 words · 1313 reading sections
Section 1141
MARY 835 MARY bosom on seeing her Son expire on the cross (Tertullian, Origen, Basil, Cyril, etc.). By modern interpreters it is more commonly referred to the pangs of grief which she experienced on witnessing the sufferings of her Son. In the tlight into Egypt, Mary and the babe had the support and protection of J…
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(2.) Capernaum (John ii, 12) and Nazareth (Matt, iv, 13 ; xiii, 54 ; Mark vi, 1) appear to have been the resi- dence of Mary for a considerable period. The next time tliat she is brought before us we find her at Capernaum (Matt, xii, 46; Mark iii, 21, 31; Luke viii, 19). It is the autumn of the year 27 — a year and a h…
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C. From this point forwards we know nothing of her. It is probable that the rest of her life was spent in Jeru- salem with John (see Epiph. liar, 78). According to one tradition, the beloved disciple would not leave Pales- tine until she had expired in his arms (see Tholuck, Light from the Cross, vol. ii, Serm. x, p. …
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house of David. The abode of the former was Naza- reth, the latter passed her early years at Bethlehem. Tliey lived piously in the sight of God, and faultlessly before man, dividing their substance into three portions, one of which they devoted to the service of the Temple, another to the poor, and the third to their o…
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Three spots lay claim to be the scene of the Amnmci- ation. Two of these are, as was to be expected, in Naz- areth, and one, as every one knows, is in Italy. The Greeks and Latins each claim to be the guardians of the true spot in Palestine ; the third claimant is the holy house of Loretto. The Greeks point out the spr…
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and they all said " Hail, blessed one ! blessed is the fniit of thy womb!" The people of Bethlehem brought their sick to the house, and they were all healed. Then ne^vs of these things was carried to Jerusalem, and the king sent and commanded that they should bring Mary and the disciples to Jerusalem. Accordingly, hors…
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Hut Thomas was not present with the rest, for at the moment that he was summoned to come he was baptiz- ing I'olodius, who was tlie son of the sister of the king. And lie arrived just after all these things were accom- plished, and he demanded to see the sepulchre in which they had laid his Lady : " For ye know," said …
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4. On the dogma of Mar\-'s siulessness, see Immacu- late Co^XEPTION. On her worship, see IMariolatey. On the alleged transportation of her dwelling to Italy, see LoRETTO. HI. Jewish Traditions. — These are of a very different nature from the light -liearted fairs- -tale -like stories which we have recnuntcd above. We …
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IV. Mohammedan Traditions, — These are again cast in a totally different mould from those of the Jews. The Mohammedans had no purpose to serve in spread- ing calumnious stories as to the birth of Jesus, and ac- cordingly we find none of the Jewish malignity about their traditions. Mohammed and his followers appear to h…
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Mohammed is reported to have said that many men have arrived at perfection, but only four women ; and that these are,Asia the wife of Pharaoh, Mary the daugh- ter of Amram, his lirst wife Khadijah, and his daughter Fatima. The commentators on the Koran tell us that every person who comes into the world is touched at h…
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For further literature, see Volbeding, Index Program- matum, p. 9 ; Darling, Cgclopwdia Bibliograjjhica, coL 1841 sq. ; 'Da.nz,\Vdrterhuch, s. v. Maria; Winer, 7?e«k'. s. V. See Jesus Christ; Virgin. 2. Mary, the Magdalene {Mapia ij Mayca\t]v{], A. V. '• Marj' Magdalene"), one of the most interesting, but at the same …
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2. In the last journey to Jerusalem, to which so many had been looking with eager expectation, they again ac- companied liim (Matt, xxvii, 55; Mark xv, 41; Luke xxiii, 55 ; xxiv, ] 0), A.D. 29. It will explain much that follows if we remember that this life of ministration must have brought Jlary Magdalene into compani…
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H. Proposed Identifications with other Females men- tioned in the N. T. — 1. The questions which meet us con- nect themselves with the narratives in the four Gospels of women who came with precious ointment to anoint the feet or the head of Jesus. Each Gospel contains an account of one such anointing, and men have aske…
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2. The belief that IMarj' of Bethany and Mary Mag- dalene are identical is yet more startling. Not one sin- gle circumstance, except that of love and reverence for their Master, is common. The epithet Magdalene, what- ever may be its meaning, seems chosen for the express purpose of distinguishing her from all other Mar…
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hood of Aries, and there leads a life of penitence for thirty years. When she dies a church is built in her honor, and miracles are wrought at her tomb. Clovis the Frank is healed by her intercession, and his new faith is strengthened; and the chivalry of France does homage to her name as to that of the greater Mary. …
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To solve the difficulties of this verse the following supposition has been suggested : (1) That the two clauses "his mother's sister" and "Marj^ of Clopas" are not in apposition, and that John meant to designate four per- sons as present, namely, the mother of Jesus ; her sister, to whom he does not assign any name ; M…
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The only knowledge we have of this Mary, besides the above facts of her sons, and of her presence at the crucifixion, is that she was that " other Jlary" who, with Marj^ Magdalene, attended the body of Christ to the sepulchre when taken down from the cross (jMatt. xxvii, 61 ; Mark xv, 47 ; Luke xxiii, 55). She was also…
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marriage of her father and mother, which she declared was " by God's law and man's law incestuous and un- lawful." (See the " Confession of me, the Ladj- Marj-," as printed by Burnet [//w/. Ref.^ from the original, '• all written ^vith her own hand.") This very year, how- ever, shortly after the marriage of Jane Seymou…
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Mary made her accession to the throne on July 19. In the course of the month of August, Bonner (q, v.), Gardiner (q. v.), and three other bishops, who had been deposed for nonconformity in the late reign, were re- stored to their sees, and the mass, contrary to law, began again to be celebrated in manj' churches. In th…
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Not content, however, with having restored the power of the Church of Rome over the Anglican Church, Mary introduced new and severe measures for the suppression of those who had dared to follow her father and half- brother in measures of ecclesiastical reform. Many of the clergy had married. One of her first acts now w…
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them as liberally as her means enabled her. Gladly would she have restored them aU to the Church, '• but it was feared that violent commotions would ensue if that course were adopted;" and the papal legate, while he "reluctantly assented" to the arrangement as pro- posed by the Convocation, " that the present titles to…
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had a mind to marry the lady Elizabeth to the duke of Savoy, against the queen's and princess's inclination : it is written in a most abject manner and a wretched style. Bishop Tanner ascribes to her A Kistorij of her own Life and Death, and An Account of Mai-tyrs in her Reign, but tliis is manifestly an error. See Hom…
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MARY STUART 850 MARY STUART Soon after her arrival at her destination Mary was placed with the French king's own daughters in one of the first convents of the kingdom, where she made rapid progress in the acquisition of the literature and accomplishment of the age. She received instructions in the art of making vers…
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to yield her place on the throne, and the reins of power were seized by the queen-mother, Catharine of Medicis, as regent for her son, Charles IX. Mary must have been prepared, under almost any circumstances, to quit a court which was now swayed by one whom, during her brief reign, she had taunted with being " a mercha…
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spent the most susceptible years of her life in the court of France under those worthy custodians of the con- science— Vasquez, Escobar, JlcndozaV These Jesuit fatliers had not hesitated to defend by their casuistry, and luider color of religion, fraud, forgery, falsehood, and murder. Their teachings, before counteract…
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the same privilege which she accorded to her subjects — " that of worshipping God according to her own creed." "So the nation rested in tolerable peace, trusting in Mur- ray rather than in IMary, and suffering her mass, though always under protest, so long as she suffered herself to be guided by his counsels. But of th…
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and the envoy is yet on his way to the court of Rome, fits up a private room in the palace, where the marriage- ceremuny, which the Church pronounces void, is clan- destinely performed. For the papal benediction is need- ed, it ajjpears, not to hallow the marriage-tie, but only to give it respectability before the publ…
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esty assures her subjects that in any event the religion of the realm shall not be interfered with. At the same time she writes to Pius V to congratulate him on the victories already gained, and to inspire him with hopes of victories yet to come : ' With the help of God and his holiness,' she says, ' she will yet leap …
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The chief actor in this tragedy was undoubtedly James Hepburn, earl of Ijothwell, a needy, reckless, vain- glorious, profligate noble, who, since Murray's revolt, and still more since Kizzio's murder, had enjoyed a large share of the queen's favor. But there were suspicions that the queen herself was not whoUj'^ ignora…
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MARY STUART 854 MARY STUART mandcd to see the originals. Elizabeth granted the reasonableness of the demand, but never complied with it. She demanded to face her accusers. Elizabeth hair promised that she should do so, but never fulfilled tlie pledge. The commission broke up without a ver- dict. Elizabeth had no int…
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this same writer comes to speak of Mary Stuart, he "writes almost as a public prosecutor of the Scottish queen, and sometimes sacrifices historical accuracy to dramatic eflfect." The truth is that the character of Mary was long one of the most fiercely-vexed questions of historj^, and is still in debate; hence the diff…
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To enumerate all that has been written on Mary would fill a vohmic. Among the chief works are S. Jebb, De Vita et Rthus Gestis 3f a/ice Scotoimm R'f/ince (Lond. 1725, 2 vols, fol.) ; J. Anderson, Collections 7-elatirig to the Histoiy of Mary, Queen of Scotland (Lond. 1727-28, 4 vols. 4to) ; Burton, Hist, of Scotland, v…
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The description of Josephus, in whose histories Ma- sada plays a conspicuous part, is as follows ; A lofty rock of considerable extent, surrounded on all sides b}^ pre- cipitous valleys of frightfid depth, afforded difficult ac- cess only in two parts — one on the east, towards the Lake Asphaltis, by a zigzag path, sca…
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Masaloth (MaiaaXwi v. r. MeaaaXwB^), a place IMASAUPASA 857 MASH in Arbela, which Bacchides and Alcimus besieged and captured on their way from Gilgal to Jiutea (1 j\Iacc. ix, 2). Josephus, in his parallel account, omits the name (Anf. xii, 11, 1) ; but a trace of the name is thought by Kobinson {Researches, ii,398…
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Masclef, Francois, a noted Roman Catholic divine and Orientalist, was born at Amiens in the year 1662. He very early de\'oted himself to the study of Oriental languages, and attained in them an extraordinary de- gree of proficiency. Educated for service in the Church, he became first a curate in the diocese of Amiens, …
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Mask, or Notcii-iiead, is the technical term in ec- clesiastical arcliitccture fcir a kind of corbel, the shadow of whicli bears a close re- Coibel.W est Claudon, Sur- Bemblance to that of the hu- rey. man face. It is common in some districts in work of the 13th and 14th centuries, and is usually carved under the eav…
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Mason, Francis (2), D.D., a Baptist minister, noted as a missionary, was born at York, England, in 1799. He was a shoemaker's apprentice; emigrated to Philadelphia in 1818; settled at Canton, Mo., in 1825; studied at the Theological Seminary, Newton, Mo., in 1827 ; and in May, 1830, having been ordained, sailed with hi…
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MASON" 860 MASORAH honored with the provostship of Columbia College, and, thim-h ah-eady employed as preacher and prufessor, ac- cepted the position, " and by his talents and energy raised that institution to a higher character than it had ever before possessed." In 1816 failing health admon- ished* him of the magni…
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Masorah, Masoreth, or Massoreth (n'nb'^, ri'ID'C, r'lnS^), the technical term given to a gram- matico-critical commentary on the O. Test., the design of which is to indicate the correct reading of the text with respect to words, vowels, accents, etc., so as to pre- serve it from all corruption, putting an end to the e…
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2. The Voirel-points and A events in the Tlebreto Text. — Here the Masoretes note the pecidiarities or anoma- lies in the use of the vowel-points, of the dagesh and mappik, and of the accents in the text— a fact to which Buxtorf appeals with considerable force, as jjroving that the authors of the Masorah, as we have it…
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IV. }'a/iie of the J\[asorah. — While there is much in the iiasorah that can be regarded in no other light than as laborious trifling, it is far from deserving the scorn which has sometimes been poured upon it. There can l)e no doubt that it preserves to us much valuable tradi- tional information concerning the constit…
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Origin and Meaninr) of the Word. — "The first names given to the administration of the sacrament of the body and blood of Christ," says Walcott (s. v.), "were the Breaking of Bread (Acts xx, 0,7), the Lord's Supper (1 Cor. ii, 20), or Communion (1 Cor. x, 18). It was also called, by way of eminence, the mystery, the sa…
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The mass is now in general denominated according to the solemnity of the accompanying ceremonial — a "low mass," a "chanted mass," or a "high mass." In the first, a single priest simply i-eads the service, at- tended by one or more acolytes or clerks. The second form differs only in this, that the service is chanted in…
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Ceremoiiij. — The following office of the mass is ex- tracted from the Gurdeii of the Soul, prepared by the late bishop Clialloner, and may be accepted, therefore, as the authorized rite of the English IJoman Catholics: "At the beginning of the mass, the priest at the foot of the altar makes the sign of the cross, ' In…
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MASS 865 IVIASS upon all Sundays, and many other festival days, stand- ing in the middle of the altar, he recites the Nicene Creed, kneeling down at the words ' He was made man,' in reverence to the great mystery of our Lord's incarna- tion. Then the priest turns about to the people and says, 'Dominus vobiscum' (The…
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blood of Christ, and begs that God would accept of this oblation which he makes in the name of the whole Church, and that he would grant us peace in this life and eternal salvation in the next. After which he sol- emnly blesses the bread and wine with the sign of the cross, and invokes the Almighty that they may be mad…
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secrated species. Then covering the chalice, he goes to the book and reads a versicle of holy Scripture, called the communion ; after which he turns about to the peo- ple with the usual salutation, Dominus vobiscum, and, re- turning to the book, reads the collects or prayers called the post-communion. After which he ag…
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" The priest who is to celebrate mass must previously confess all his mortal sins, in order that he may feel morally sure tliat he is in a state of grace, since for the recovery of that state by such as have once fallen from it, confession, or contrition, if confession cannot be ob- tained, is absolutely necessary. Con…
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In the celebration of mass the priest wears peculiar vestments, five in number — two of linen, called "amice" and " alb ;" and three of silk or precious stuffs, called " maniple." " stole," and " chasuble," the alb being girt with a cincture of flaxen or silken cord. The color of these vestments varies with the occasio…
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MASS PENNY 868 MASSALIANS or 3 P.M. In the IVIiddle Ages the nightly celebrations 1 were permitted on Christmas eve, on Easter eve, on St. Jolni Baptist's, principally in France, and Saturdays in Ember weeks, when ordinations were held ; and Easter and Pentecost on tlie hallowing of the candle. In 1483 archbishop Bo…
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The festival is commemorated Aug. 24. — Herzog, Real" Encyklopddie, ix, 142. Massagetae, an ancient nomadic people, who in- habited the broad steppes on the north-east of the Cas- pian Sea, to the northward of the river Araxes or Jax- artes. Herodotus says that they had a community of wives ; that they sacrificed and …
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Graces, Les Hesperides, Les Boucliers votifs, Les Se/-- ments chez les Anciens, and a ParalVele entre Homere et Platon, His most valuable work is UHistoire de la Poesie Frangoise, it partir du onzieme si'ecle, Massieu was one of the many distinguished literary men who are obliged all through life to maintain an incessa…
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The fame of this celebrated man stands perhaps higher than that of any preacher who has preceded or followed him, by the number, variety, and excellence of his pro- ductions, and their eloquent and harmonious style. Grace, dignity, and force, and an inexhaustible fecun- dity of resources, particularly characterize his …
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Mast is the rendering in the Auth.Vers. of two Heb. words, ban (chibbel', so called from the ropes and staj'S with which it is fastened), occurs only in Prov. xxiii, 34, "Thou (that tarriest long at the wine) shalt be as he that lieth down in the midst of the sea, or as he that lieth upon the top of the mast" (Sept. wr…
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There is no doubt that the Greek word is correctly rendered, as is evident from the description of it by Theophrastus (Hist. Plant, ix, i, § 2, 4, § 7, etc.), Pliny (V. //. iii, 36; xxiv, 28), Dioscorides (i, 90), and other writers. Herodotus (iv, 177) compares the fruit of the lotus (the Rhamnus lotus, Linn., not the …
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No Arabian writer is quoted so often, and spoken of with so much universal admiration. The variety of subjects on which he wrote astonishes even the learned, and the philosopher is surprised to see this Arab of the Middle Age resolving questions which remained prob- lems to Europeans for many centuries after him. Ma- …
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The materialistic theory was in some sense sanctioned by those earlier Greek philosophers who referred the or- igin of all things — the spirit of man included — to some attenuated form of matter, as water, air, or fire. From these rude speculations philosophy emerged by succes- sive efforts, till in the Socratic school…
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MATERIALISM 874 MATHER not vital energy? and if vital energy, why not spiritual jialgments antl emotions? This argument has been urged with great earnestness and pertinacity by certain physiologists both of the German and English schools. Conspicuous among them are Carl Vogt, Physioloijische Briefejur GebiUeie ; Koh…
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MATHER 875 MATHER great success, though often in peril from mobs stirred up by the Establishment. Sometimes he was beaten near- ly to death, and often stoned, but grace triumphed, and so much the more grew the word of God and multiplied. In 1757 he experienced the blessing of " the great sal- vation," or perfect lov…
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Mr. Bancroft, our great historian, has treated Cotton Mather as guilty of haA-ing provoked the excitement known as the " Salem witchcraft delusion." AVithin the last few years, however, one of our ablest writers, Mr. Poole, formerly librarian of the " Boston Library," has come forward to clear Cotton Mather of any and …
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Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.