PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 5
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,342,977 words · 1313 reading sections
Section 1201
ister of his time, but his mind was better adapted to ac- quire than to create. He lacked in strong judgment, in original genius, and in sustained power. He had no ability to generalize, no wide and penetrating vision. The most noted benefaction ofhis life to the country was introducing vaccination for small-pox, which…
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Mather, Moses, D.D., a Congregational minister, was born at Lyme, Connecticut, in 1719; graduated at Yale College in 1739, and soon after was licensed to preach by the New London Association. In 1742 he commenced preaching in a Congregational church in Middlesex, now Darien, Connecticut, and in 1744 was ordained pastor…
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Mathesius, Johann, a German Protestant theolo- £jian, was a native of Saxony. He studied at Witten- berg in 1528, and -vvas there for a while Luther's fellow- boarder. He was appointed rector of Joachirasthal in 1532, pastor in 1545, and died in 1564. He had wit- nessed many abuses resulting from the misconception of t…
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Mathilda, countess or Tuscan^-, well known in history through her close political connection with pope Gregory VII (q. v.), was a daughter of Boniface, count of Tuscany, and was born in 1046. She is said to have married (Jodfrey (surnaracd II Gobbo, or the ''Hunch- back"), duke of Lorraine, in 1069, by procuration ; bu…
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Matricularii, subordinate servants of the clergy, who were intrusted with the care of the church in which they were accustomed to sleep : they had also offices to perform in public processions, — Farrar, Eccles. Diet. s. v. ; Eadie, Eccles. Diet, s, v. See Sacristan. Matrimony or Marriage as a Sacrajient. The Church o…
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The Council of Trent, at its twentj'-fourth session, held Nov. 11, 1563, legislated upon the subject of matri- mony in twelve canons, as follows : " CanonX. Whoever shall affirm that matrimony is not truly and properly one of the peven sacraments of the evangelical law, instituted by Christ onr Lord, but tbat it is a …
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MATRBIONY 881 MATTANIAH 2. That marriage is no sacrament of the Gospel, speak- ing of such an institution in its proper scriptural accep- tation, may be proved by the following arguments : (1.) Matrimony was instituted in I'aradise long before sin had entered, therefore it cannot be a sacrament of the Gospel ; marri…
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1. (Sept. MaSiav, MarSdv v. r. MaySiav and Max«j/.) The priest of Baal slain before his idolatrous altar during the reformation instituted by Jehoiada (2 Kings xi, 18 ; 2 Chron. xxiii, 17). B.C. 876. " He probably accom- panied Athaliah from Samaria, and would thus be the first priest of the Baal- worship which Jehoram…
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2. (Sept. Ma^^a^a v. r. MarBaSrd.) An Israelite of the " sons" (i. e. inhabitants) of Hashun, who divorced his Gentile wife after the return from Babylon (Ezra x, 33). B.C. 458. Mat'tathias (MarraJ/ac), the Greek form of Mattatiiiaii (q. v.), and standmg for several persons in the Aiiocrypha and New Test. 1. One who …
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MATTER 883 MATTER of matter into primary and secondarj', and have said that our knowledge of the former, as of impenetrability and extension, is clear and absolute ; while our knowl- edge of the latter, as of sound and smelJ, is obscure and relative. This distinction taken by Des Cartes, adopted by Locke and also by…
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What, on this hypothesis, do we mean when we say that God made the material world? That he caused, and, having begun, continues to cause, created intelli- gences to receive certain impressions, under certain laws of sequence and coexistence. But more than this. We mean also that God himself, when he created, began to p…
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Strictly speaking, there are three possible answers to this question, viz. that matter is the product of mind, that mind is the product of matter, and that the two are independent. But the second, in this exact form, has probably never been maintained. Matter, being inact- ive, cannot be conceived as producing, unless…
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Matter, Jacques, a noted French historian and ])hilosopher, was born in Alt-Eckendorf, Alsace, May 31, 1791. His parents were Germans, and, though living imder French rule, remained true to the fatlierland. Jacques, however, was taught French from his child- hood, as he was expected to take a position under the French …
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MATTHAN 886 MATTHEW lishetl. See Smith, Diet, of Greek and Roman Biogra- ■phij and Mythology, s. v. Mat'than (Matt, i, 15). See Mattax. Mat'that (Mdr&ar, prob. some form of the name Mattlnui), the name of two men mentioned only in the New Test, as maternal ancestors of Jesus. See Gene- alogy OF Jesus Cjikist. 1. …
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II. Scripture Statements respecting Mm. — His father's name was Alphreus (Mark ii, 14), probably different from the father of James the son of Marv', the wife of Cleophas, who was a " sister" of the mother of Jesus (John xix, 25). See ALPii,EUS. His call to be an apostle (A.D. 27) is related by all three evangelists in…
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Nevertheless a number of alleged circumstances have led Strauss and others to consider the Gospel of Matthew as an unapDstolical composition, originating perhaps at the conclusion of the first century ; while some consider it a production of the Aramrean Matthew, augmented by some additions ; others call it a historica…
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(5th.) He falls, it is asserted, into positive errors. In ch. i and ii he seems not to know that the real dwelling- place of the parents of Jesus was at Nazareth, and that their abode at Bethlehem was only temporary (compare Matt, ii, 1, 22, 23 with Luke ii, 4, 39). According, to SLirk xi, 20, 21, the fig-tree withered…
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Looking, therefore, to our present Gospel for proofs of its original destination, we find internal evidence tend- ing to confirm the traditional statement. The great object of the evangelist is evidently to prove to his countrymen that Jesus of Nazareth was the promised Messiah, the antitype of the figures of the old c…
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IV. Original Language. — While there is absolutely nothing in the Gospel itself to lead us to imagine that it is a translation, and, on the contrary, everj'thing fa- vors the view that in the present (ireek text, with its perpetual verbal corresi)ondence with the other synop- tists, we have the original ccimiiosition o…
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for the Hebrew original much ; though, as far as it goes, his evidence is definite enough. His story, as reported by Eiiscbius, is that " he is said to have gone to the In- dians (probably in the south of Arabia), where it is re- ported that the Gospel of Matthew had preceded him among some who had there acknowledged C…
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2. Internal Evidence. — What, then, is the origin of our present Gospel? To whom are we to ascribe its existing form and language? What is its authority? These are the questions which now meet us, and to which it must be confessed it is not easy to give a sat- isfactory answer. We may at the outset lay down as indisput…
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3. Having thus stated the arguments in favor of a Hebrew and Greek original respectively, it remains for us to incjuire whetlier there is any way of adjusting the claims of the two. Were there no explanation of this inconsistency between the external assertions and the internal facts, it would be hard to doubt the con…
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(2.) We think that Mr. Westcott — to whom the study of the Gospels owes so much — has pointed out the road to a still better solution. Not that the difficulties which beset this matter can be regarded as cleared up, or the question finally and satisfactorily settled, but a mode of reconciling the inconsistency between …
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V. Characteristics Matthew's is emphatically the Gospel of the Kingdom. The main object of the evan- gelist is to portray the kingly character of Christ, and to show that in him the ideal of the King reigning in righteousness, the true Heir of David's throne, was ful- filled (comp. Augustine, De Consens. Ev. passim). …
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Another minor characteristic which deserves remark, is Matthew's use of the plural, where the other evangel- ists have the singular. Thus, in the temptation, we have " stones" and " loaves" (iv, 3), two dtemoniacs (viii, 28),roiicxop7"oiJC (xiv, 19), two blind men (xx,30; comp. ix, 27), the ass and her colt (xxi, 2), s…
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Matthew's narrative, as a rule, is the least graphic. The great features of the history which bring into prom- inence our Lord's character as teacher and prophet, the substance of tyjje and prophecy, the Jlessianic king, are traced with broad outline, without minute or circumstan- tial details. "\Vc are conscious of a …
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Other peculiarities, establishing the unity of author- ship, may be noticed : (1.) The use of rorf, as the ordi- nary particle of transition, ninety times ; six times in Mark, and fourteen in Luke. (2.) Kai tysvtro 'ots, five times; Luke uses iire Ct tyfvtTo, or Kai '6-e tytvtTO. (3.) 'twg ov, seven times. (4.) tv iKii…
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1. Some critics, admitting the apostolic antiquity of a part of the Gospel, apply to Matthew, as they do to Luke, the gratuitous supposition of a later editor or compiler, who, by augmenting and altering the earlier document, produced our present Gospel. Hilgenfeld (p. 106) endeavors to separate the older from the newe…
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XL Commentaries. — The following are the special ex- cgetical helps on the whole of Matthew's Gospel, a few of the most important of which we indicate by an aster- isk prefixed : Origen, Commentaria (in 0pp. iii, 440 sq., «30 sq.) ; also Scholia (in (ialland, Bibl. Patr. xiv) ; Athanasius, Fragm^nta (in 0pp. i, pt. 2; …
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Matthevr of Bassi. See Capuchins. Matthew of Blatares. See Blatares. Matthew of Cracow (more accurately of Kro- kow, in Pomerania), a noted German prelate of the Church of Rome, and worthy to be counted foremost among the forerunners of the great Reformation, was a native of Pomerania, and flourished near the opening…
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MATTHEW 898 MATTHEWS was aftenvards attributed to a Matthew of Westmin- ster, for the name of Matthew really belonged to Mat- thew of Paris, whilst the afKx of Westminster was sup- plied by conjecture ; and this pseudonyme liaving been recognised by Bale and Joscelin, and adopted by arch- bishop Parker, the error ha…
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Matthews, Henry, a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, was liorn in Prince George County, ]Md. Blessed with pious and good parents, he was early led to Christ, and connected himself with Asbur}' Cluu-ch, in Howard Count}'. In 1849 he moved to Baltimore, and joined the Sharp Street Church. In 1852 he was li- cen…
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serm. 2)" (Smith). It would seem, however, that Paul was the divine appointee to fill the vacancy in the col- lege of the apostles. Monographs in Latin on his elec- tion have been written by Scharff (Viteb. 1652), Bittel- maier (ib. 1676), and llammerschmid (Prag. 1760). MATTHI'AS is likewise the name of one person me…
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Matthias I, emperor of Germany, son of Maxi- milian II and INIary, daughter of Charles Y, deserves a place here because of his relation to one of the most eventful periods in the earliest stages of modern history. He was born in 1557. In 1578 he was invited by the Eomanists of the Netherlands to assume the government o…
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MATTHIAS'S DAY 901 MATTISON Christian reputation is without blemish. He possessed the disciplinary attributes of a minister — " gifts, grace, and usefulness." His preaching was practical and ex- perimental. He sought assiduously and successfully to lead tlie members of his Church to a higher spiritual state, and a h…
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' From his rough heart a babe could press Soft milk of human tenderness.' On all the storms of his life were rainbows, but only liis intimate friends were in position to see them." His first book was ^4 Scriptural Defence of the Doctrine of the Trinity, a small volume issued in 1843, and to which inultum injjcirvo was…
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2. An Israelite of the "sons" (residents) of Nebo, who divorced his Gentile wife after the Babylonian exile (Ezra X, 43). B.C. 459. He was possibly identical with No. 4. 3. The eldest son of Shallum, a Levite of the family of Korah, -who had charge of the baked offerings of the Temjile on the re-establishment after th…
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Mauduit, Michel, a learned French theologian, was born at Vire, Normandj', in 1G44. While still young- he entered the brotherhood of the Oratorians, Avhere for a long time he studied the classics; then he devoted himself to preaching, and instructing the country peo- ple. The study of the Bible occupied the remainder o…
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MAULBRONN 904 MAULMONT Vannius, abbot of Maulbronn, Johannes Brenz, provost of Stuttgard, Jacob Aiubreii, provost and chancellor of the University of Tubingen, Dietrich Schnejjf, professor at Tubingen, and the court preacher Balthasar Bidem- bacli ; also as notary, Lucas Osiandcr, then preacher at Stuttg;ird, and as…
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(3.) In September of the same year (1576), still anoth- er meeting was held at Maulbronn, in which Heerbrand, Schnepf, Magirus, Bidembach, L. Osiander, Dietz, Scher- dinger, and Strecker took part. Its object was to dis- cuss the Book of Torgau, and it ended in expressing its approbation of it as a whole. See Heppe, Ge…
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Icmgue Armorique les lemons Chretiennes, avec les trois clefs pour y entrcr. These and other works of this char- acter are curious in a philological point of view as mon- uments of the changes in the Breton language. A very competent judge, M. de la Villemarque, has given the following opinion : " Born in the French pa…
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To secure a high degree of scholarship among the Con- gregation, the first general, Dom Tariffe, carefidly pre- pared a scheme of studies ; and as early as the 17th and 18th centuries the congregation counted a large num- ber of distinguished men. Their labors vi-ere promptly directed to the gathering of materials for …
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MAUR 907 MAUR de la France (1733-63, 12 vols. 4to), inaugurated by Dom Rivet and others, and continued by the order tUI 1814, when it was taken up by the Academie des In- scriptions ; the xxth voUime was published iu 1842. It is a very valuable collection of documents, not only for the history of French literature, …
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Among the works of writers of their order and others of the MidtUe Ages which they published, we notice the rule of St. Benedict of Aniane, Concordia regidarum, published by iMenard (1628, 4to) ; Lanfranc, by D'Ache- ry (1648, foi.), and Guibert ofNogent, by the same (1651, fol.) ; St. Benmrd, by Mabillon (1667, fol. ;…
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not plead." As for his belief, he admitted two grand directing principles, independent and uncreated ; good and evil; light and darkness. He did not consider almsgiving a means of salvation ; and life should not be an incessant commerce. He did not admit that a priest could, by a few words, transform the bread and wine…
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general and champion of the Protestant cause, was the eldest son of duke Henry of the Albertuie line and nephew of duke George the Bearded, the most bitter opponent of the Reformation. Maurice was born at Freiburg March 21, 1521 ; he espoused in 15-il Agnes, daughter of the landgrave Philip of Hesse ; and later in the …
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alarmed the members of the Council of Trent, then in session there, that they fled from the town, and the sit- tings were thenceforth suspended for some years. Fi- nally came the day of convocation of the electors and princes of the empire at Passau ; Maurice directing the cause of the Protestants, and Ferdinand attend…
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Maurice, Antoine (1), a French Protestant theo- logian and Orientalist, was born at Eyguieres, in Prov- ence, Sept. 27, 1079. He belonged to a Provencal family which had embraced the Reformed religion in the 16th centurT, and furnished many pastors to the churches of the south. When the revocation of the Edict of Nante…
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Mr. Maurice was holding a position as preacher, but it is especially as a writer that he exerted liis influence, and secured a reputation, and, as a proper estimate of MAURICE 911 MAURICE this man is impossible without a glance at his works, we proceed to a hastj' consideration of his written pro- ductions in the f…
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revealing of God, there must be a revealer. This re- vcaler must be able to manifest forth what is in God, who is the Father iniiversal, and to do this by such means that man may thereby know him as his Father. A mediator between God and man is essential to the satisfying and fulfilling of human wants. Only one who was…
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It must not be believed that Mr. Maurice's labors were confined to the theological or philosophical arena. It has been tndy said by the A thenceum that he " lived during his allotted term the lives of many men." He was the originator, or one of the originators, of tlie Christian socialistic movement, the design of whic…
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MAURUS 913 MAURY Surius, and the Martyrol. Usuardi, edit. J. B. du Sollier, S. J., Sept. 22, and October 4, 10, 15 ; ako Tillemont, Me- moires, torn, iv ; Stolberg, ix, 302 sq. ; Kettberg, Kir- chengesch. Deutschlands, i, § 16. — Uerzog, Real-Enct/Mop. ix, 197 sq. ; Wetzer ixnd Welte, Kirchen-Lexikon, vi, 414 sq. (G…
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to maintain with all his power the new constitution ; and, in case of any priest's refusal, it was declared that he should be held to have renounced his benefices. To this constitution the pope had refused his sanction, on account of its hostility to the interests of the Church, and the oath was indignantly refused by …
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Maiiz'zim (D''"S.''3 Sept. Maoj^ti/t v. r. MaioZii, Vulg. 2[aozim). The marginal note to the A. V. of Dan. xi, 38, " the God of Jhrce,^," gives, as the equiva- lent of the last w^ord, " Mauzzini, or gods protectors, or munitions." The Geneva version renders the Hebrew as a proper name both in Dan. xi, 38 and 39, where …
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MAXENTIUS 915 MAXIMILIAN tinned to preside, with almost unprecedented popularity, until his death, June 4, 1820. Dr. IMaxcy was one of the most accomplished pulpit orators and scholars this country has produced. He was well versed in philology, criticism, metaphysics, logic, politics, morals, and phi- losophy His ch…
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MAXDIILIAN 916 MAXIMIN Augustino friar, Maximilian addressed the Eoman pon- tiff, and persuaded him to heed this ditKculty as " a ques- tion wliich was dividing Germany." But in the very vear in which the discussion at Leipzic came off Maxi- milian died (1519), and left it for his successor Charles X to further the …
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Coin of Maximin 1. Maximin II, DAZA,Roman emperor, was originally an lUyrian peasant, who served in the Roman armies, and was raised by Galerius, who was his relative, to the rank of militarj- tribune, and lastly, A.D. 303, at the time of the abdication of Diocletian and Maximian, to the dig- nity of Cicsar, receiving…
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Maximus Confessor, a leading champion of or- thodoxy in the Monothelite controversy (q. v.), was born at Constantinople in 580. At an early age he be- came private secretary to the emperor Heraclius, but, deciding for the ecclesiastic state, lie resigned this posi- tion, and in 630 entered the monastery of Chrysopolis …
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As a writer ^laximus is distinguished by a rare com- bination of dialectic power witli mystical profundity. His mind was receptive rather than creative, and in his works Platonic and Aristotelian thought, Chalcedonian orthodoxy, the theology of the Greek fathers, and the ideas of a Christian mysticism, which includes b…
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MAXIMUS 919 MAXIMUS translating from Eusebius, who has a brief passage re- lating to the same writer {II. E. v, 27), gives the name in the same form ; bnt it is probably incorrect. A Max- imiis, bishop of Jerusalem, lived in the reign of Antoni- nns Pius or Marcus Aurelius, or the early part of that of Commodus, som…
1,001 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.