PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 5
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,342,977 words · 1313 reading sections
Section 121
See Schickard, Jus Regiinn Ilehrivor. (Tiibing. 1G21) ; Carpzov, Ajrpai: Crit. p. 52 ; Michaelis, Mos. Recht. i, 298 ; Otho, Lex. Rabbin, p. 575 ; Hess. Gesch. d. K. Juda vnd Israels (Ztir. 1787) ; Houtuyn, Monarchia Ilehrceo- rum (Leyd. 1G85) ; Newman, Ilebreio Monarchy (Lond. 1847, 1853) ; Pastoret, Leyislaiion des I…
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King, Henry, D.D., bishop of Chichester, and eld- est son of John King (q. v.), was born at Wornall, Buck- inghamshire, in Jan. 1591. He studied at Westminster School, from whence he was elected to Christ Church, Oxford, in 1608. Having entered the Church, he be- came chaplain to king James I, archdeacon of Colches- te…
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Doctrine, Worship, ami Discipline (Lond. 1772, 4to) : A Letter to the Bishop of Durham, contaitiiny some Obser- vations on the Climate of Russia, etc. (Lond. 1778, 4to); etc. See Geiit. Mayazine, Ivii and lix ; Chalmers, Gen. Bioy. Dictionary ; Allibone, Dictionary of Enylish and American Authors, ii, 1031. King, Joh…
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same name in man. This valuable and most important work was often reprinted (Exeter, 1815, 8vo; London, 1821, 8vo; and in the Tracts of Angl. Fathers, ii, 225). He wrote also A Discourse concerning the Inventions of Men in the Worship of God (Lond. 1697, sm. 8vo) : — An A dmonition to the Dissenters (London, 1706, sm. …
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2. Tlie prophets had predicted that Jehovah would again be united to his restored people, would dwell among them, and no more give up the theocratic relation. This also Jesus fultilletl in a higher sense. He found mankind in a state of estrangement from God, arising from tliiir lying in sin, and he viewed it as his voc…
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" There is reason to believe not only that the expres- sion kingdom of heaven, as used in the Nc^v' Test., was employed as synonymous with hingdom ef God, as re- ferred to in the Old Test., but that the former expres- sion had become common among the Jews of our Lord's time for dcnotuig the state of things expected to …
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Kingdom of Judah. See Judaii, Kingdom of. Kingly Office of Christ, one of the three great relations which Jesus sustains to his people, namely, as prophet, priest, and king, and to which he was solemn- ly inaugurated at his baptism by John. See Anoint- ing, It is by virtue of this that he became head of the Church, wh…
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(1.) These books together contain one unbroken nar- rative, both in form and matter, each portion being con- nected with the preceding by the conjunctive 1, or the continuative ("n"^ The book of Judges shows itself to be a separate work from Joshua by opening with a nar- ration of events with which that book closes; th…
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III. Contents, Character, and Design. — The books of Kings contain the brief annals of a long period, from the accession of Solomon till the dissolution of the com- monwealth. The first chapters describe the reign of Solomon over the united kingdom, and the revolt luider Eehoboam. Tlie history of the rival states is ne…
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(2.) Reference is often made to the i\Iosaic law, with its provisions, and allusions to the earlier history of the people frequently occur (1 Kings ii, 3 ; iii, 14 ; vi, 11, 12 ; viii, 58, etc. ; 2 Kings x, 31; xiv, 6; xvii, 13, 15,37; xviii, 4-6 : xxi, 1-8). Allusions to the IMosaic code are found more frequently towa…
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For fm-ther information on the relation between Kings and Chronicles, see Chronicles, Books of. V. Peculiarities of Diction.— \. The words noticed by De Wette {Einl. § 185) as indicating their modem date are the foUowmg: "^nX for nx, 1 Kings xiv, 2. (But KINGS 94 KINGS this form is also found in Judsx- xvii, 2 ; J…
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2. Other peculiar or rare expressions in these books are the proverbial ones : "(""pS 'j'^Pld'?, found only in them and in 1 Sam. xxv, 22, 34; "slept with his fathers." " him that dieth in the city the dogs shall eat " etc. • ^X n-rr;;' ns, l Kings ii, 23, etc.; also rflp, 1 Kings i, 41, 45; elsewhere only in poetry an…
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2. The omissions are few. Section 1 Kings vi, 11-14, is entirely omitted, and 37, 38 are only slightly alluded to at the opening of chap. iii. The erroneous clause 1 Kings XV, 6, is omitted ; and so are the dates of Asa's reign in xvi, 8 and 15 ; and there are a few verbal omis- sions of no consequence. 3. The chief i…
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VII. Another feature in the literary condition of our books must be noticed, viz., that the compiler, in arran- ging his materials, and adopting the very words of the documents used by him, has not always been careful to avoid the appearance of contradiction. Thus the men- tion of the staves of the aiji remaining ui th…
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With regard to the work so often cited in the Chron- icles as " the Book of the Kings of Israel and Judah" (1 Chron. ix, 1 ; 2 Chron. xvi, 11; xxvii, 7 ; xxviii, 2G; xxxii, 32 ; xxxv, 27 ; xxxvi, 8), it has been thought by some that it was a separate collection contamiug the joint histories of the two kingdoms; by othe…
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viii, 22; x, 27; xiii, 23; xiv, 7; xvi, 6 ; xvii, 23, 34, 41 ; xxiii, 25. It is remarkable, however, that in no instance does the use of this phrase lead us to suppose that it was penned after the destruction of the Temple : in sev- eral of the above instances the phrase necessarily sup- poses that the Temple and the k…
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(4.) Some portions of Kings and of Jeremiah are al- most identical, particularly 2 Kings xxiv, 18-xxv, and Jer. lii. The two passages are so much alike, though diifering in some respects, as to appear like two narra- tions of the same event by the same person, in each of which some points arc related with more fulness …
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KIXGS 99 KING'S BOOK writer, and, if not Jeremiah, must have had independent means of information, tliis coiucidence will have great weight. It has been argued on the other side — (1.) That the concluding portion of the book of Kings could hardly have been written by Jeremiah, unless we suppose him to have written…
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XI. Commentaries. — The following are the exegetical helps specially on the two books of Kings, to the most important of wliich we prefix an asterisk : Ephraem Syrus, Explanatio (in Syriac, in his Opjy. iv, 439) ; The- odoret, Qucestiones (in Greek, in his Ojip. i, edit. Halle, 17G9); Procopius of Gaza, Scholia [includ…
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King's Evil is the name in England of a disease which the people believed their kings had the power of curing by touch. So strong was the popular conviction that the ecclesiastical authorities devised a special form of religious service to be recited while the king was touching the diseased person. It is as follows: "…
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parentage, at Amesville, Oneida County, N. Y., Sept. 8, 1812. His early advantages were rather moderate, but his thirst for knowledge made him superior to circum- stances, and he secured whatever he could by night study and the careful improvement of the intervals in his workuig hours, lie was converted at the age of e…
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Kingsley, James Luce, LL.D., an eminent and one of the most successful American educators, born in Scotland, Conn.. Aug. 28, 1778, was a lineal descendant of John Kingsley, one of the seven men who in 1636 con- stituted the first Church in Dorchester, Mass. He en- tered Williams College at the age of seventeen, and at …
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Kinkead, James, a Presbyterian minister, was bom in St. Louis Count}', Mo., July G, 1807, licensed to preach in 1833, and ordained in 1840. llis ministerial life was passed entirely in St, Francois and Washington counties, JIo. During the civil war he took every opportunity to favor the Union cause, and thus became obn…
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3. The most striking office of the goel was that of acting as the avenger of blood in case of the murder of his next of kin; hence the phrase Q'nfj bxj, the blood- avenger. In the heart of man there seems to be a deep- rooted feeling that where human life has been destroyed by violence the offence can be expiated only …
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Kippah. See Palji. KIPPIS 104 kirch:meier Kippis, Andrew, D.D., F.R.S., F.A.S., an eminent EnsliJ^h Unitarian divine, was born at Nottingham in 1725. He studied nnder Dr. Doddridj^e at Northamp- ton, and in 174(3 became minister of a congregation at Boston, Lincohishire. In 1750 he removed to Dor- king, and in 1753…
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Kircher, Konrad, a learned German philologian of Augsburg, of the IGth century, was a Lutheran pastor first at Donauwerth and later at Jaxtdorf, and died about 1622. He wrote Concoi-dia; veteris Testamenti GraccB Ebrceis vocibus i-espondentes (Francf. 1607, 2 vols. 4to; greatly enlarged by Abrah. Trommius, Amst. 1718) …
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Kir-har'aseth (2 Kings iii, 25), Kir-har'eseth (Isa. xvi, 7), Kir-ha'resh (Isa. xvi, ll),Kir-lie'ies (Jer. xlviii, 31, 30). See Kik-Moab. Kiriatha'im (Jer. xlviii, 1 , 23 ; Ezek, xxv, 9). See Kiujatiiaim. Kiriathia'rius (KtpiaSiapioc v. r. KopiaSioi, Vidr;. Creurputros), a corrupt form (1 Esdr. v, 19) for Kirjalh- ar…
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Kir'jath-je'arim (Hch. Kiryath'-Yedrim', r""lp S'l"!""', city afforests; Sept. Kapim^iapEi/i, Josh, xviii, 14; Judg. xviii, 12; 1 Chron. ii,' 50, 52. 2 Chron. i, 4; Neh. vii, 29; Jer. xxvi, 20; Kioia^apifi, 1 Sam. vi, 21; vii, 1,2; V. r. 1 Chron. ii, 50, 52 ; 2 Chron. i, 4 ; Neh. vii, 29 ; Jer. xxi, 20 ;. ttoAic 'la^ii…
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KIRJATH-SANNAH 107 KIRKPATRICK (which he calls iMount IVIidan) south-west of the village, and just south of Kuryet es-Saideh, may be the "]Moiuit Jearim" spoken of in Josh, xv, 10 (but different from IMount Baalah of ver. 11) ; both jjlaces having taken the title Jearim from the intervening tract of land, perhaps on…
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Kirkland, Samuel, a Congregational minister, was born Dec. 1, 1741, at Norwich, Conn. He received his degree from the College of New Jersey, 1765, though not present himself. In Nov. 1765, he went on a mis- sionary visit to the Seneca Indians, and returning in Maj^, 1766, he was duly ordained and appointed mission- ary…
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Kirkwood, Rokkut, a Presbyterian minister,- born in Paisley, Scotland, !May 25, 179.'?,,was educated in Glas- gow College, and studied divinity with liev. jdhn Dick, D.I)., at Theological Hall, (Jlasgow. He was licensed in 18-28. In response to a jircssing call for ministerial workers in New York, he went thither and c…
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name is frequently attached to it in the -vmtings of "W'ilUam of Tyre and Jacob de Vitry (see quotations in Kobinson, Bib. Res. ii, 107). This error is perpetuated in the Greek Church to tlie present day; and the bishop of Fetra, whose otiice, as representative of the patriarch, it is to produce the holy fire at Easter…
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Kish (Heb. id., ■d"'P, a trap, otherwise a hoiii ; Sept. Kji'c: or Ki'f, N. T. K/c, Auth. Yers. " Cis," Acts xiii,21), the name of five men. 1. The second of the two sons of Mahli (grandson of Levi) ; his sons married their cousins, heiresses of his brother Eleazar (1 Chron. xxiii, 21, 22). One of these sons was named…
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The Kishon is beyond all doubt the river now called Kdhr el-^fokaltcih (or Mukatta), which, after travers- ing the plain of Acre, enters the bay of the latter name at its sv)uth-east corner. It has been usual to trace the source of this river to Jlount Tabor (as above by Je- rome), but Dr. Shaw affirms that in travell…
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Tlie Kislion is, in fact, the drain by which the waters of the ])lain of Esdraelon, and of the mountains which inclose that plain, namely, C-armel and the Samaria range on tlie south, tlie mountain of Galilee on the north, and Gilboa, "Little Ilcrmon" (so called), and Tabor on the east, find their way to the Mediterran…
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Mouth of the Kishon. KISIISHU 112 KISS Kishshu. See Cucujiuiiit. Kislzer, Johann Justus, a German theologian, was born at Ki>dinij;haiisen in KitU), and was educated at the nniversities of Jena and Gicsscn. In 1G04 he became l)rofessor of philosophy at Kinteln University, and the year following proi'essor of theol…
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The pecidiar tendency of the Christian religion to encourage honor towards all men, as men, to foster and develop the softer affections, and, in the trying condi- tion of the early Church, to make its members intimate- ly known one to another, and miite them in the closest bonds, led to the observance of kissing as an …
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Kite (rfX, agyah', so called from its clamorous cry ; Sept. iKTtv V. r. ((>;r(i'oc,Vulg. vidtur ; but in Job. xxviii, 7. yi'i, Auth. Version "vulture"), an unclean and kecn- sight.cd bird of prey (Lev. xi, 14 ; Dent. xiv. 13). The version of I'seudo-Jonathan lias the black culture ; the Venetian Greek koXoiui', or jack…
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Kitto, John, one of the most eminent Biblical schol- ars of this age, was born at riymouth, England, Nov. 4, IMOI. To humlile birth was addedj in his twelfth year, the atilictiou of a total loss of his sense of bearing; but neither [loverty nor bodily defei t were suflicicnt to deter tlie aml)itious and energetic youth…
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Klaiber, Christian Benjamin, a German tlieolo- gian, was born Sept. 15, 1795, in Wiirtemberg, and was educated at the University of Tiibingeii, where he be- came a professor of theology in 1823. Later he removed to Stetten, in Kemsthal, as pastor, and died in 183G. He published Studien der Wiirttemhergischen Geistlichk…
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Klebitz (Klebitus),Wilhelm, a German theolo- gian of tlie Reformation period, and favorably inclined to the reformatory movement, flourished at Freyburg about 1560. Nothing further is known of his personal history. He wrote De buccella intincta, quam comedit Judas, Matt, xxvi, contained in the Crit. Sac. vol. vi ; and,…
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Klein, Priedrich August, a German theolo- gian, was born at Fricdrichshaide, near Ronneburg, Nov. 7, 1793; entered the University of Jena in 1811, and became a minister at Jena in 1819; but only two years later lie was suddenly taken ill, and died Feb. 12, 1823, having a year before his death received the honorable app…
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gerous in such paroxysms. None of them knew exactly what they were fighting for; they were possessed by one of the various forms of mania — that which impelled the French Jansenists of the latter half of the 18th century to torture themselves with a strange delight in pain of the acutest liinil. The men who threw them-…
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sence, lie would return home. Invariably, on the morn- ing of the next day after his return, towels, which had been taken from an open portmanteau, were found scat- tered about the room. ^Vlter breakfast, his custom was to retire to the library and write the addresses of all the hotel-keepers at wliose houses he had sl…
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It is proper to add to the above remarks, which are evidently just in their conclusion, some considerations setting the question of moral responsibility in such cases in a fuUer light. 1. The distinction is well made in the beginning of the article that some intellectual defect must be proven in order to constitute re…
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Klesel. See Kiilesl, Klette, JoiiANN Georg, a German Lutheran divine, was born at Eadeberg, in Meissen, October 12, IGoO, and studied theology at Leipzig and Wittenberg. He was made professor of theology and metaphysics at Zerbst in 1681. In 1606 he became pastor in that place, and died Dec. 28, 1697. Kleuker, Johaxn…
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KLTNG 120 KLOPSTOCK temple (the name for the houses of worship of Eeformed Jews), and \vho used a German liturgy and introduced an organ. ]\Iay 9, 1840, he resigned his pastoral office, but the superintendence of the Jewish schools he held until 1848, when his advanced age obliged him to fore- "•o all active labors.…
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which was at this time rather at low ebb. Franco was in the avantguard of political influence, and ever^'thing French was considered worthy of imitation ; but French influence was most completely manifest in the social life of the Germans, particularly in their literature, aiid, as a late writer in the Westminster Revi…
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His work of next importance to the Messiah is a drama, above alluded to, entitled Ilermann^s Schlacht (the Battle of Arminius), the subject of which is the defeat of the Koman general Varus by the ancient Ger- mans. It is scarcely so much a drama as a lyric poem in a dramatic form. It was composed in 17(J4. His otlier …
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KLUGE 122 KNAPP that I will redeem mankind." (Comp. Hurst's Hagen- bach, Church History of the 18th and I9th Centuries, i, 249; ii, '277sq.) The Messiah was first published in fratcmonts. and then as a whole (iUtona, 1780 ; 7tli ed. Lpz. 1817) : it has been translated into Latin, English, French, I'olish, Dutch, an…
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Knapp, Albert, a German theologian, and one of the ablest ^vorkers in the Wiirtemberg Church of the 19th century, peculiarly distinguished for his poetical gifts and influence in establishing a school of religions poetn,', was born in Tiibingen July 25, 1798. His child- hood was passed in the village of Alpirsbach, und…
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7:^napp, Georg Christian, an eminent German Protestant theologian, was born at Glaucha, near Halle, in 1753. He entered the university of that city in 1770, and afterwards also spent a semester at the University of Gottingen. He began lecturing on philosophy in 1775, was appointed professor extraordinary in 1777, and …
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Knauer, Joseph, a German Roman Catholic prelate of note, was born at Rothflossel, near Mittelwalde, in the duchy of (Jlatz, Dec. 1, 17G4, and was educated at Bres- lau University. He was ordained priest March 7, 1789, and became at once chaplain to the dean of Mittelwalde. In 1794 he was appointed priest at Alpendorf, …
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To bow the knee is to perform an act of worship (1 Kings xix, 18), and in this sense it is used in the Heb. in Isa. Ixvi, 3 ; "He that worships idols" is, literally, "He that bows the knee" to them. See Worship. Tliat kneeling was the posture of prayer ^ve learn from 2 Chron. vi, 13 ; Dan. vi, 10 ; Luke xxii, 41 ; Act…
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In ordination, also, a kneeling posture was early prac- ticed. Dionysius says, "The person to be ordained kneeled befnrc the bisliop at the altar, and he. laying his hand ujion his head, did consecrate him with a holy prayer, and then signed him with the sign of the cross, after which the bishop and the clergy present …
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Knife is the representative in the Auth, Version of several Ileb. terms : !3"ltl (che'rch, from its laying waste), a sharp instrument, e. g. for circumcising (Josh, v, 2, 3) ; a razor (Ezek. v, 1) ; a graving-tool or cliisel (Exod. xx, 25) ; an a.re (Ezek. xxvi, 9) ; poet, of the curved fusks of the hippopotamus (Job x…
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Knight, James (2), a Congregational minister, was born at Ilalitax, Yorlishire, England, July 10,1709, and was educated for the ministry at Homerton College, where he is said to have made rapid attainments in Bib- lical science. Upon his graduation he was called to the Church in Collierskents, Southwark, where he was o…
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I. Orifjiii of Knifjhthood or Cliivalrj/. — Under the im- pulse of the same uncritical spirit which referred the descent of the Britons to Brutus and wanderers from Troy, the origin of knighthood has been traced back to the judges of Israel or to the heroes of the Iliad. More modest inqmrers have been content to go no …
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KNIGHTHOOD 129 KNIGHTHOOD ed, to comfort the wretched, to repress or punish wrong, aiid in all honor to uphold and to do the right. "He had abroad in amies wouue muchell fame, And flid far laudes with giorie of his might ; Plaine, faithful, true, and enimy of shame, And ever lov'd to light for ladies right; But in …
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Old institutions of the German forest life ; the effects of feudal organization and of feudal society ; the neces- sities of a ravaged, ruined, and distracted country ; the operation of religious zeal, and even of general religious fanaticism; the action of the priesthood, and collision with cultivated Greeks and brill…
1,024 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.