PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 5
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,342,977 words · 1313 reading sections
Section 61
KENNON 44 KENOSIS Tan dor Hooght's text is not accurately given, since the marginal kerh, the vowel points, and the accents, have been kit out. The Samaritan text should have been given in Samaritan letters, tliat readers might see the origin of many of the various readings. The edition wants extracts from ancient v…
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I^eiiosis {kivwchq), a Greek term signifying the act 0^ emptying or self-divestiture, employed by modern German divines to express the voluntary humiliation of Christ in his incarnate state. It is borrowed from the expression of Paul, " But made himself of no reputa- tion {lavTov hKh'ujae, emptied himself),"' etc. (Phi…
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But in every stage of his divine-human development the Son's oneness of being and of will with the Father remained, and by this verjr fact he was in his human teaching and conduct the express image of the invisible God, the personal revealer of him who had sent him, the Son of God in the form of human existence. Accord…
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This topic became a subject of controversy in the first part of the 17th century between the theologians of Gicssen and those of Tubingen ; the former (^lenzer a;ul Feuerborn) contending that Christ during his state of earthly humiliation actualh' divested himself {KtvojciQ proper) of omnipotence, omniscience, etc.; wh…
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KENT 47 KEPLER Christian Advocate andJournaJ. His productions were characterized by a clear, concise, unornamennd Style, freshness of thought, and deep spirituality. Not osten- tatious in the expression of his religious convictions and experiences, he claimed personal knowledge of the doc- trine of entire sanctifica…
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In 1595 Kei>ler completed his Mi/sterium Cosmorjraj^h- icum, in which he details the many hypotheses he had successively formed, examined, and rejected concerning the number, distance, and periodic times of the planets, and endeavors to demonstrate the correctness of the Co- pernican system, which at that time was stUl…
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sible to make good his promises to assist Kepler, to se- cure the necessary means to aid him in the completion of the liudolphine Tables; it was not, however, till 1627 that these tables — the first that were calcidated on the supposition that the planets move in elliptic orbits — made their appearance ; and it will be…
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Kerckhove, John Polyandeu van den, a Dutch Protestant theologian, born at Metz jNIarch 2G, 15G8, was educated at Embden, where his father was pastor of the French Church, and afterwards went to study Hebrew and philosophy at Bremen, and theology at Heidelberg, mider Du Jon and Crellius, and at Geneva under The- odore d…
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3. Errors arising from exchanging letters which be- long to the same organs of speech, e. g. 3 for 53, of which the Keri exhibits one instance (Josh, xxii, 7),. and vice-versa, of which the Groat INIasorah, mider letter 3, gives six instances (Josh, iii, 16 ; xxiv, 15 ; 2 Kings v, 12 ; xii, 10 ; xxiii, 33 ; Dan. xi, 18…
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23 ; Job xxxviii, 1 ; xl, 6 ; Psa. x, 10 ; Iv, 16 ; cxxiii, 4; Isa. iii, 15 ; Jer. vi, 29 ; xviii, 3 ; Ezek. viii, 6). 8. Exegetical Kerls or marginal readings which sub- stitute euphemisms for tlie cacophonous terms used in tlie text, in accordance with the injunction of the an- cient sages, that *'all the verses whe…
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h. The second class {insertions directed), which com- prises entire icords that have been omitted from the text, exhibits ten such instances which occur in the Hebrew Bible, as follows : Judg. xx, 13 ; Euth iii, 5, 17; 2 Sam. viii, 3; xvi, 23; xviii, 20; 2 Kings xix, 31, 37; Jer. xxxi, 38 ; 1, 29. Besides being noted i…
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KERI AND KETHIB 52 KERI AND KETHIB same vie-H'. It is in accordance with this recondite sense ascribed to the origin of the Keri and Kethib that llashi remarks on Gen. viii, 16, "The Keri is jliltl, the Kethib XU^n, because he was first to tell tliem to go out; but if they should refuse to go, he was to make them go.…
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KERI AND KETHIB 53 KERI AND KETHIB getical laws developed in aftertime by the ISrasorltcs. Such, however, was their reverence for the ancient text, that these Masorites who made the new additions to it left the text itself untouched in the very piaces where they believed it necessary to follow another explanation or…
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Inattention to the Keri and Kethib has given rise to the most fanciful and absurd expositions, of which the following may serve both as a specimen and a warning. In looking at the text of the Hebrew Bible, it Avill be seen that there is a final Mem (D) in the middle of the word t^3'^Di, Isa. ix, G. We have already allu…
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It remains only for us to say under this head that the judicious critic will often lind good reason for dif- fering from the opinion that seems to be implied in these Masoretic notes, and will in such cases, of course, prefer the Kethib to the Keri. See Ciuticisji, Bm- LICAL. V. Literature.— Ono of the earliest attem…
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Kerithuth. See Talmud. Kerkaroth. See Camel. Kerkassandi, in Hindu mythologj^, is the name of the first Buddha who appeared (when men were yet attaining to the desirable age of 40,000 years) to take upon himself the sins of the world, to redeem them, and to secure them the continued enjoyment of the high age mentione…
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KERR 56 KERR other member of the Presbytery. For many years he was stated derk of the Presbytery of West era Tennessee District, and his ac(iuaintancc witli the form of govern- ment and discipline Avas so perfect that his word was taken as the suhition of all doubts and difficulties." — Wil- son, Presh. Historical A…
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Kerr, Joseph, D.D., a prominent minister of the Associate Reformed Church, was born in Antrim County, Ireland, in 1778 ; educated at the University of Glas- gow, and, with a view of entering the ministry, ptirsued theological studies under the direction of the Associate Presbytery of Derry. He came to this country in 1…
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Kersey, Jesse, a minister of the Society of Friends, was born at York, Pa., in 1708. lu Ids early youth his heart was given to God. In his seventeenth j-ear he experienced a call to the Gospel ministry, but still re- mained an apprentice to the trade of a potter about foiu: years, and afterwards taught school. In 1804…
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Kessler (Aiienarius), Johann Jacob, was bom at St. Gall in 1502, and studied theology at Basle. In 1522 he went to Wittenberg to hear Luther, and on his way fell in with him at Jena, yet without knowing him. In 1523 he returned to St. Gall, but his inclination to the reform doctrines would not conscientiously permit hi…
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Kettner, Fuiedricii Ernst, a German theologian, was liiirn at Leipzig .Ian. 21, 1671, and educated at the imivcrsity of that ]ilace. He was licensed in 1697, and became shortly after superintendent in Qne(Ilinburg,and first court preacher. He died July 21, 1722. His writ- ings are mainly confined to local Church Histor…
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Kewley, John, D.D., a Roman Catholic priest, was by birth an Englishman, and of Roman Catholic parent- age. He was educated at St. Omar's, and was in early hfe a Jesuit. He afterwards renounced the doctrines and communion of the Church of Rome, joined " Lady Huntingdon's persuasion," preached somewhat among that body a…
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the above analogies, the "key of knowledge" is the means of attaining to true knowledge in respect to the kingdom of God (Luke xi, 25; comp. Matt, xxiii, 13; Luke xxiv, 32). It is said that authority to explain the law and the prophets was given among the Jews by the delivery of a key.. See Bind. The Kabbins say that G…
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II. Doctrine of the Patristic Period. — The misconcep- tion of the meaning of the power to hind and to loose was early manifested in the Chiu"ch. The Jewish-Christian Clementine Homilies, it is true, stiE. evince a knowledge of the original signification of the words to hind and to loose, inasmuch as they stQl supply —…
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Actually the power of the keys was exercised by the whole clerical body, under the presidency of the bishop. In formal inquisitorial proceedings, the fact of the com- mission of a mortal sin was determined either by the voluntary confession of the perpetrator or by indictment and hearing of witnesses, followed, in case…
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arus : the siimer, like Lazarus, is dead, and, so to speak, rests spellbound in the grave ; Mercy awakens him, and restores him to life by w<junding him inwardly, and, amid great pain, brings him to a consciousness of his offences ; upon Slercy's call he arises, like Lazarus, from the grave, and comes to light, bowed d…
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III. Doctrine of the Middle Ar/es and the Roman Cath- olic Church. — The ancient Church classified her mem- bers into three sections — the faithful, the catechumens, and the penitent. The power of the keys was exercised upon the last, and in a certain sense also upon the sec- ond class : these two only were in any need…
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Public reconciliation of the penitents was practiced in the Romish Church as early as the 5th century on Green-Thursday {Epist. Innocentii 1, ad Decentium, c. 7) ; in the Milanese and Spanish on Char-Friday {Mo- rin. lib. ix, cap. 29). After the penitents on Ash- Wednesday had received ashes upon their head, and had be…
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Alongside of this view, according to which the pos- sessor of the po\ver of the keys officiates essentially as judge in foro ecclesiw, another is entertained, which finds its strongest exponent in Leo the Great, according to whom the priest is intercessor and mediator for the pen- itent before God. This particular view…
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purgator}-, he replies, otAj per accident, inasmuch as the priest may change the purgatorial pmiishment into a temporal one, i. e. into an exercise of penance. Just so reason Bonaventura (lib. iv, dist. xviii, art. ii) and Albert the Great {Comment, lib. iv, dist. xviii, art. xiii), the for- mer often in the verj' word…
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By this further development of the doctrine of the power of the keys the form of absolution also was nec- essarily considerably altered. Alexander of Hales says that in his day the deprecative formula preceded and was followed by the indicative; and this he justifies from his stand-point by the sentence, " Et deprecati…
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1. Luther s Attitude. — He retained private confession and private absolution, although he knew them to be innovations of the ^Middle Ages ; he even never wholly abolished the sacramental character of absolution. Vet, notwithstanding this ai)parent adherence to Eomish practices, it will be found that he changed, so to …
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The key to bind, for which Luther found no place in private confession, he assigned particularly to jurisdic- tion ; it found its application, therefore, in the ban. Lu- ther's opinions on this point may be summed up as fol- lows : the ban can be exercised only in cases of public sin and reproach, and for notorious di…
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4. Private absolution, as a whole, could be a blessing only so long as that specific religious interest which the IJeformation awakened in all circles remained fresh and full of life; with a lassitude of the latter, the former also, togetheV with confession, its offspring, necessarily dete- riorated to a dead ecclesias…
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KEYS, POWER OF THE 69 KHAN Even the assertion was not wanting that absolution, un- der all circumstances, possesses divine power, so as act- ually to free the sinner from his f^uilt, quite in contra- diction to the new Lutheran doctrine. See Luther.vn- iSM, New. V. Doctrine of the Greek Church.— The Greek Church en…
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Interior of Vizir Khan at Aleppo. KIIATCHADUR 70 KHLESL private character). The earlier Hebrews knew of no I such provision for travellers (Gen. xlii, 27 ; Exod. iv, 24; 2 Kings xix, 23; the "jlb^ being merely the stop- ping-place over night; the tlJTT of Josh, ii, 1 indicating rather a brothel, and the TT'D of 1 S…
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Khedr, Al, is the name which figures in the Koran (chap, xviii. Sale's edition, p. 244) as that of a person whom the ^Mohammedans assert the Lord pointed out to Moses as superior in wisdom to any other living per- son, !Moses included. The story the Mohammedans tell is thus given by Sale : " JNIoses once preaching to t…
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1. I am the God of whom the prophets spoke. I came for the second time into the world to redeem the souls of men. There is no God besides me. 2. There is no other doctrine, and no other is to be songht. 3. In what you are taught, therein also remain. 4. Keep the commandments of your God, and become fishers of men in…
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KHOLBAII KHONDS bers of these heretics have been sent uito the Caucasus and Siberia, whore many of tliem have been forced to enter the armies and the mines. See Dixon, Fj-ee Rus- s'm, chap. xxiv. Kholbah (Arabic), a peculiar form of prayer used iu ]\[ciliammedan countries at the commencement of iiiiblic worship in t…
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Births arc celebrated on the seventh day by a feast given to the priests and villagers. The name is deter- mined by a peculiar rite, in \vhich grains of rice are dropped into a cup of water. Death. — After the death of a private person his body is burned, without any ceremony other than a drinking feast. If, however, …
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Diseases and Remedies. — For external wounds they resort to a poultice of warm mud, made of the earth of the ant-hills. They also cauterize with a hot sickle over a wet cloth. For internal ailments they have no medicines. They consider all diseases to be supernatu- ral, and the priest, being the physician, must discove…
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KHORSABAD KIBZAIM Turanian element in Hindustan. The following copious literature will enable persons to make a pretty exhaus- tive study of what is known concerning them. Literature. — Edinhurf/h Review, A\\ri\, 18G4; Calcutta Review, \o\. V, vi, x; Calcutta Christian Observer, April, Julv. 1837; Transactions of Et…
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Kibby, Epaphras, a IMethodist minister, was born in Somers, Connecticut, in 1777, In 1793 he joined the Methodist Episcopal Church at New London, and imme- diately became active in religious duties, and in 1798 entered the ministrj-. Through his labors jMethodism was introduced into Bath and Hallowell, Elaine. Jlel- vi…
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Kidderminster. See Kydehminstek. Kiddushim. See Talmud. Kidney (only in plur. riT^bs, helayoth', prob. from the idea of its being the seat of longing'), the leaf-fat around which was specially to be a burnt-offering, sig- nificant of its being the richest and most central jiart of the victim (Exod. xxix, 13, 22; Lev.…
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Tlie Kidron is a mountain ravine, in most places nar- row, with precipitous banks of naked limestone; but here and there its banks have an easy slope, and along its bottom are strijis of land capable of cultivation. It contains the bed of a streamlet, but during the whole .summer, and most of the winter, it is perfectl…
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KIEF KIFFIN less this section of the A'alley has got its modern name, Wudi/ er-R(theb, ^•Monk's Valley" (Wolcott, Researches in Pal., in Biblical Caljinet, xliii, 38). Below Mar Saba the valley is called Wadij en-Nur, "Valley of Fire" — a name descriptive of its aspect, for so bare and scorched is it that it seems as…
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Kiesliiig, JoHAXN Rudolph, a German Protestant theologian, was born at Erfurt, Oct. 21, 170G; became first deacon of Wittemberg in 1738, extraordinary pro- fessor of philosophy at Leipzig in 1740, professor of Ori- ental languages in the same university m 174G, and, finally, professor of theologj^ at Erlangen in 17G2. …
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Another English divine of the same name flourished about the same time in Warwickshire. He died in 1617, and is the author of a work entitled Burthen of a load- cned Conscience (1616, 8vo ; often reprinted). — Hoefer, Nouv. Biofjr. Diet, xxvii, 720 ; Allibone, Diet, of English and A merican A uthors, vol. ii, s. v. Ki…
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have had several warm contests with a friend because I woiilil not liave my child baptized in the usual way. The storm, however, soon blew over. I hope God will open the eyes of the JNIcthodists to see their sin and fol- ly in their inconsistent connection with the Church." The opposition against ecclesiastical subserv…
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Kiliaii or Kyllina, a saint of the Roman Catholic Church, and bishop of AV'urzburg in the 7th centurj-, was a native of Ireland, and a member of that distinguished body of Irish missionaries among the Teutonic nations to whose labors in the Gth and 7th centuries Chris- tianity and civilization were so largely indebted …
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KilTwardeby, Robeht, a noted English prelate, flourished in the second half of the 13th century. He was educated at the universities of Oxford and Paric. In 1272 he became archbishop of Canterbury, and in 1277 was made cardinal. He died in 1279. Cardinal Kihvardeby is said to have written as many as 39 dif- ferent work…
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KIMCHI 81 KINAH lexicons, or glossaries, and grammars, were based on the labors of Kimclii, and the notes accompanying the Latin Bibles of Mmister and Stephen are derived from him. Excerpts of his Commentary on Isaiah were translated into Latin by Minister, and a Latin version of the whole of it was published by Mal…
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Kimmcsh, Kimosh. See Nettle. Ki "nah (Ilcb. Kinah', ni'^p, an eler/y, as iu Jer. ix,, 9, etc. ; Septuag. Kii/a v. r. 'Iicrt/i), a city in the extreme south of Judah (hence prob. includefl within the terri- tory of Simeon), mentioned between Jagur and Dimo- nah (Josh, xv, 22). " Stanley {Sinai and Pal. p. 100) in- geni…
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Besides these terms, the Hebrews expressed consan- guinity by such words and phrases as 1t33,y?esA (Gen. xxxvii, 27 ; Isa. Iviii, 7) ; "^"i w^^ '^'?^?j '"^V ^one and my Jlesh (Gen. xxix, 14 ; Judg. ix, 2 ; 2 Sam. v, 1, etc.) ; '^Vi':i,Jlesh (Lev. xviii, 12, 13, etc. ; Numb, xxvii, 41), with niNd, coll. kinswomen (Lev. …
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The application, however, of the term " king," with which we are here particularly concerned, is that of the name of the national ruler of the Hebrews during a pe- riod of about 500 years previous to the destruction of Jerusalem, B.C. 588. It was borne first by the ruler of the Twelve Tribes united, and then by the rid…
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KING 84 KYMG xvii, 52), and generally waged successful war against the surrounding nations (1 Sam. xiv, 47). See Saul. His successor, David, entered on a series ofbrUliant con- quests over the Philistines, Moabites, Syrians, Edomites, and Ammonites ; and the Israelites, no longer confined within the naiTOW bounds of…
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To form a correct idea of a Hebrew king, we must abstract ourselves from the notions of modern Europe, and realize the position of Oriental sovereigns. It would be a mistake to regard the Hebrew government as a limited monarchy, in the English sense of the ex- pression. It is stated in 1 Sam. x, 25, that Samuel '• told…
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In addition to these earthly powers, the king of Israel liad a more awfid claim to respect and obedience. He was the vicegerent of Jehovah (1 Sam. x, 1 ; xvi, 13), and, as it were. His son, if just and holy (2 Sam. vii, l-l ; Psa. Ixxxix, 26, 27; ii, 6, 7). He had been set apart as a consecrated ruler. Upon his head ha…
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KING 86 KING kings of Israel were anointed, though this is not speci- liL'cl by the writers of Kings and Clironicles, who would deem such anointing invalid. The ceremony of anoint- ing, which was observed at least in the case of Saul, David, and Solomon (1 Sam. ix, 14; x, 1 ; xv, 1; xvi, 12; 2 Sam. ii, 4; v, 1 ; 1 K…
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The following is a statement of the sources of the royal mcome : 1. The royal demesnes, corn-fields, vine- yards, and olive-gardens. Some at least of these seem to have been taken from private individuals, but wheth- er as the punishment of rebellion, or on any other plau- sible pretext, is not specified (1 Sam. viii, …
1,017 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.