PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 5
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,342,977 words · 1313 reading sections
Section 901
molested Maillard. though he continued in his former course unabated. If only a moderate part of the picture jMaillard has drawn of liis contemporaries be true, the French of the 15th century ha\'e never had their equals in moral corruption. He died near Toulouse, according to some, June 13, lJJO-2; but his death must …
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Maimbourg, Theodore, a relative of the dis- tinguished Louis Maimbourg (q. v.), tlourished about the middle of the 17th century. He embraced the Re- formed doctrine, and in 1659 published a letter addressed to Louis justifying his course. In 1664 ha returned to the Romish Church, and subsequently left it again. He then…
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Maimonides (i. e. son of Maimon), Moses, also called by the Jews Rambam, from the initial letters C2"7an = ',n:aia p n'a'2 ''■\, R. Moses b.-Maimun, axvX by the Arabians Abu Amram Musa b.-Maimnn Obeid A Hah, one of the greatest of the Jews since the exile — the great luminarv, the glory of Israel, the second Mo- ses, t…
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As we noticed above, Moses was born in 1135. The Almoravides — i.e. men devoted to the service of God — who were then the masters of IMohammedan Spain [see Mohammedans"], like the Oniniiades, were tolerant and kind to the Jews. But just at this time the power of the Almoravides was fast declining, and by the middle of …
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Though constantly beset by crowds who came to con- sult him on all questions, philosophical, medical, and religious, yet, by intruding on the night for his pro- founder studies, he was able, after ten j'ears' further la- bor (1170-80), to complete (Nov. 7, 1180) another work, of even greater magnitude than the foregoin…
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MAIMONIDES 664 MAIMONIDES The numerous and onerous clulics now ]iut upon him as the spiritual head of Judaism, and the constant demand for liis great medical skill, were, however, alike unable to overcome the powers of liis intellect, which he had consecrated to the elucidation of the Bible and the tra- ditional law…
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Maimonides as a Jewish Theologian and Philosopher, — His importance for the religion and science of Juda- ism, and his influence upon their development, is so great that he truly deserves to be placed second only to Moses, the great lawgiver, himself. Maimonides first of all brouglit order into those almost boundless r…
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Exception continues to be taken to Jlaimonides's the- ologico-philosophical views even in our dav, bv manv who recognise his ability and the importance of his la- bors. The great Italian Jewish theologian, the late Da- vid Luzatto (q. v.), is quite decided in his opposition, jSIaimonides, he holds, brought trouble wit…
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Literature. — Besides the authorities already quoted, see O. Celsius, De Maimonide (1727) ; Revue Orientale (Brux. 18il) ; Beer, Leben und Wi7-ken des Maimonides (Prag. 1844) ; Lebrecht, in Magazin f. d. Lite?: d. A us- landes, 1844, No. 45, p. 62 sq. ; Scheyer, Psychol. Syst. des Maimonides (Frankfort, 1846) ; Stein, …
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MAIN TENON 667 MAISTRE cesslty of a sufficient power existing for every given ef- fect" {Hist, of Mod. Phil. p. G39, 640 ; compare the me- moire Be la Decompositioji de la Pensee ; preferable even, Nouvelles Consideralions, part i, sec. 1, and part ii, sec. 1 and 3 ; also the Examen des Lemons de Philosophie, sec. 8…
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Maistre de Sacy. See Sacv. Maistre, Joseph (count) de, an eminent French Roman Catholic writer, the greatest advocate of LTltra- montanism in the 19th century, was born at Chamber^' April 1, 1753. His father was president of the senate of Savoy, and he became himself a member of that body in 1787. When the French armi…
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scheme was demonstrated by the conduct of De Maistre himself. In 1804 pope Pius VII crowned Napoleon emperor. This, according to the theorj' of the work Du Pape, was one of those judgments by which the pa- pal infallibility settled poUtical difficulties. Yet De Maistre speaks of this decision in the following disre- sp…
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Maitlaiid, Samuel RoflFey, D.D., an English di- vine of some note, was born in London in 1792 ; was ed- ucated at Trinity College, Cambridge ; entered the law profession in 1816, but shortly after turned towards the ministry; was ordained deacon and priest in 1821 ; per- petual curate of Christ Church, Gloucester, in 1…
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Maitreya, a Buddhistic divinity, according to the Buddhists was a disciple of the Buddha Sakyamuni, and a Bodhisattwa, or a man of pre-eminent virtue and sane- tit}'. He is classed among the gods called Tushitas, or "the happy," and has generally the epithet Ajita, or U7iconquered. The Buddhists believe that he ivill b…
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the feeling against him that a Wittenberg mob pelted him with stones and dirt, and even children railed at him as a " Calvinistic rogue." He was released in 1593, and spent the remainder of his life in a private station, writing only an occasional poem. He died in the Cal- vinistic faith at Zerbst, March 16, 1600. Majo…
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Makemie, Francis, a distinguished Presbyterian minister, was born near Rathmelton, Donegal Co., Ire- land, about the middle of the 17th century. After com- pleting his academical and theological course, he was licensed by the presbytery of Laggan in 1681. He un- dertook a mission to Barbadoes soon after, and was or- da…
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Malabar, a tract of country extending along the western coast of India, from Cape Comorin to the River Chandragri, in N. lat. 12° 30'. Frequently the name Malabar, however, is erroneously applied to the whole country from Bombay to the southern extremity. Brit- ish Malabar is situated between the 10th and 13th de- gree…
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Malacca, an extensive region, situate in Southern India, consisting of a large peninsula connected by the isthmus of Kraw, extends from the 1st to the 12th de- grees of N. lat., and from the 98th to the 104th degrees of E. long., and is 775 miles in length by 125 in average breadth. The country is a long, narrow strip …
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jiarrjv ippaip<^^i]Kaaiv, k. t. X.). The current opinion of the Jews is that of the Talmud, in which this ques- tion is mooted, and which decides, it seems to us right- ly, that this prophet is not the same with Mordecai, or Ezra, or Zerubbabel, or Nehemiah, whose claims had all been advocated by diiferent parties, but…
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1. The first section of the prophet's message consists of two parts ; the first (i, 1-8) addressed to the people generally, in which .Jehovah, by his messenger, asserts his love for them, and proves it, in answer to their re- ply, '-Wherein hast thou loved us?" by referring to the punishment of Edom as an example. The …
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VI. CommaituTies. — Special excgetical heljis on the whole book are as follo^vs, a few of the most important of which we designate by an asterisk prefixed : Ephra- em Syrus, E:rplanaiion (in Syriac, in his 0pp. v, 312) ; Kupertus Tuitiensis, In Mai. (in his Ojip. i, 520); D. Kimchi and S. Jarchi's commentaries, tr. hit…
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Malachy untiringly devoted himself to the one great object likely to be successfully accomplished — the Ro- manizing of the Irish Church. To accomplish this ob- ject— the greatest task which could have been under- taken by any person in his day, and which in conse- quence has made the name of Jlalachy one of the most p…
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Malakans, or Milk-eaters (Russian Molocani, i. c. those who, contrary to the rule of the Eastern Church, take milk on fast-days), is the name of a religious sect in the Russo-Greek Church. The name Malakans is a term of contempt apj)lied to these religionists, and orig- inated, as the word Shaker, ]\Iethodist, etc., am…
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MALAN G77 MALAYS body had issued for circulation among the masses an edi- tion of the N. T. in which all passages bearing on the divinity of Christ were so altered as to ftivor the Socin- ian belief; this translation Malan denounced with the most vehement eloquence, and from his pulpit expounded these self-same pass…
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Malays (properly Malayus, a Malay word, the der- ivation of which has not yet been satisfactorily ascer- tained) is the name given to a great branch of the hu- man family dwelling in the Malay peninsula, in the islands, large and small, of the Indian Archipelago, in Madagascar, and in the numerous islands of the Pacifi…
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moulded the present character of this people. Little Is done, even in our day, to ameliorate the forlorn condition of this unfortunate people. Polygamy is practiced only among the afrluent and in the large towns. Marriage can be effected in three ways : either by purchase of the woman, who, upon the decease of her husb…
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Mal'chielite (Heb. Malkidi', "^bxiS^p, patro- nymic from Malchiel, used collectively; Sept. MnX;y;'" jjAi, Auth.Vers. " Malchielites"), a descendant of Mal- chiel (Numb, xxvi, 45). Malchi'jah (in several passages, for different men). See M.VLCin.viL Marchiram (Heb. Malkiram', Q'n"'5b'a, ling of lieiffht ; Sept. MiXxi…
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MALDONATUS 680 MALEBRANCHE and with the Sept. version of the O. T., and with the original Hebrew." The critical Simon (/iist. crit, des priitciji. nniimenfafetirs du N. T. p. CIS sci.) says he suc- ceeded better than any one else in explaining the literal sense of the sacred writers. He also wrote Truite des Sacreme…
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The life of a valetudinarian so retired, and bound by the restraints of a rigid religious order, offers few in- cidents for curious investigation. The calm and equa- ble tenor of Malebranche's frail existence was pro- longed till he had entered his seventy-eighth year,Mlien, in another form of existence, he may be beli…
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A half-truth is the most dangerous, because it is the most seductive form of delusion. The moiety of truth which is present usually precludes the suspicion of de- ception. Such a half-truth was Malebranche's devout imagination of the vision of the universe in the divine mind. It was, however unwittingly to himself, the…
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In the theory of IMalebranche, body and spirit, being totally disjoined from each other, and incapable of in- tercommunication, can be brought into harmonious — and, indeed, into possible — co-operation only by the in- tervention of a higher nature. As knowledge, accord- ing to the postulate of Des Cartes, is the subst…
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Literature. — The works of JMalebranche are probably sufficient of themselves to supply all that is necessary to be known of the peculiarities of his system, and to be indicated in regard to its tendencies. Besides Brucker MALEC 683 MALLOWS and the other historians of philosophy, the following may be consulted with…
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Mallary, Ciiaules Daniel, D.D., an American Bap- tist minister, was bom at Poultney, Vermont, in Janu- ary, 1801. He graduated at Middlebury College in 1821, and in 1822 removed to Columbia, South Carolina ; was ordained, and preached six years. He afterwards re- sided in Georgia, and was a principal founder of fiercer…
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Kutuf or Orache, which is usually considered to be the A triplex marinum, now A. halimus, Bochart, indeed, remarks that Dioscorides describes the halimus as a shrub with branches, destitute of thorns, with a leaf like the olive, but broader, and growing on the sea-shore. This notice evidently refers to the liXif^iotj (…
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Malou, Jean Baptiste, a Roman Catholic theolo- gian, was born at Ypern ; studied theology at the Uni- versity of Louvain, where in 1835 he became a profes- sor ; in 1848 was made bishop of Bruges, and died March 23, 18(;4. He wrote La lecture de la Ste. Bible en langue vulrjaire (Louv. 184G, 2 vols. 8vo). His brother J…
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Mamaclli, Tiio:mas aMARiA,a distinguished Domin- ican, was born on the island of Chio Dec. 3, 1713 ; was brought to Italy when yet a youth, and joined the Do- minicans. He became professor of theology at Florence, and in 1740 was called to Rome as a member of the college of the Propaganda. Benedict XIY made him a docto…
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MAMNITANAIMUS 687 MAN word. There is no reason to suppose that any idol re- ceived divine honors in the East under this name. It is used in Matthew as a personification of riches. The derivation of the word is discussed by A. Pfeiffer, Opera, p. 474" (Smith). The phrase "mammon of unright- eousness" as used in Luke …
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JEamet tlZhcHU. Vicinity of Abraham's Cemetery. (The sites are marked according to tradition.) the great Haram, which covers the cave of Machpelah (Stanley, Sermons in the East, p. 166 sq. ; Ritter, Pal. laid Si/r, iii, 222 sq.). The tradition which identified Mamre with Ramet el-Khulil may have originated in the exi…
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(ft.) it is the generic name of the human race as origin- ally created, and afterwards, like the English word man, person, whether man or woman, equivalent to the Latin homo and Greek ay^piairoQ ((Jen. i, 20, 27; v, 2; viii, 21; Deut. viii, 3; Matt, v, 13, 16; 1 Cor. vii, 26), and even without regard to age (John xvi, …
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MAN 689 MANASSEH (Job iv, 17; xiv, 10, 14). For a complete exemplifica- tion of these words, see the lexicons of Geseniiis and Schleusner, etc. 0. D'^ri'O, methim', " men," always masculine. The singular is to be traced in the antediluvian proper names Methusael and Methuselah. Perhaps it may be derived from the ro…
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2. (Sept. Mavaxa^i v. r. Maxava^i.) A town or region to which certain descendants of Ehud, of the tribe of Benjamin, appear to have been exiled from Geba by an act of his father Bela (1 Chron. viii, 6). The context woidd seem to indicate some locality in the land of Moab. See Shaharaim. Some refer it to the Me- NUCHAH …
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AjpHazarrJii an ?-^ T-' ' ' ~ " Cj/ y.-HERMaN_- / ^ .-> */Rlh"oE''vBeth- O^ Abel-beth- ," •' ^*^®'^®^^ Maachah-Z/^sesareaPhilippi ••> W Latum'/ < Chorazinf -^'"UTn' Uiuth Camaim'?.-,?".^,,^^^ ^0 T lit J A fB ...,,,^, Lo"ciebar ^ ^ ^/ y'' °Matianaim /' y' ^^^ Gerasa^ /scaliofmius-gotoamoei Alap of the half-trib…
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two kindred tribes is defined by a place called Asher (ver. 7), now Yasir, twelve miles north-east of Nablus. Thence it ran to Michmethah, described as facing She- chem (Nablus) ; then went to the right, i. e. southward, to the spring of Tappuah, and so doubtless to the Jor- dan. In the opposite direction it fell in wi…
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that struggle of whom the world was not worthy, and yet no contrast can be greater than that between the sliort notices in Kings and Chronicles, and the martyr- ologies which belong to those other periods of persecu- tion. 1. The birth of Manasseh is fixed (B.C. 709) twelve years before the death of Hezekiah (2 Kings …
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2. The accession of the youthful king appears to have been the signal for an entire change, if not in the for- eign policj^, at any rate in the religious administration of the kingdom. At so early an age he can scarcely have been the spontaneous author of so great an altera- tion, and we may infer accordingly that it w…
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It is easy to imagine the bitter grief and burning in- dignation of those who continued faithful. The fiercest zeal of Huguenots in France, of Covenanters in Scot- land, against the badges and symbols of the Latin Church, is perhaps but a faint shadow of that which grew to a white heat in the hearts of the worshippers …
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surely a weak ground for refusing to accept that event on the authority of another historian. (2) The omis- sion is in part explained bj' the character of the narra- tive of 2 Kings xxi. The writer deliberately turns away froin the history of the days of shame, and not less from the personal biograph}' of the king. He …
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The return of Manasseh was at any rate followed by a new policy. The old faith of Israel was no longer persecuted. Foreign idolatries were no longer thrust, in all their foulness, into the sanctuarj' itself. The altar of the Lord was again restored, and peace-offerings and thank-offerings sacrificed to Jehovah (2 Chron…
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6. But little is added by later tradition to the O.-T. narrative of Manasseh's reign. The prayer that bears his name among the apocryphal books can hardly, in the absence of any Hebrew original, be considered as identical with that referred to in 2 Chron. xxxiii, and is probably rather the result of an attempt to work …
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Kayserling's biography. An encyclopa?dical knowledge was displayed by Manasseh in his writings; this should certainly not stand against him. His most important works are (1.) nsi ^DS, in Hebrew, being an index to all the passages of the Hebrew Scriptures in the Jllid- rash Rahhoth on the Pentateuch and the Five Megil- …
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Many writers have seen nothing in this prayer to militate against its being the penitential dirge of the penitent Manasseh ; on the contrary, they think that the simplicity and appropriateness of its style, the ear- nest and touching manner in which it is expressed, go far to show that if it is not literally " his pray…
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Manchet is a name given in the 16th century to the wafer used in the mass. — Walcott, /S(/c.j4 rchceol.s.v. Manchuria. See Mantchuria. Mancius, George AVioielmus, one of the promi- nent ministers of the Eeformed Church in America, and a sturdy opposer of the movements for securing its in- dependence of the Church in …
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establish by proof the fundamental points of the theon,'. In an 'In(iuiry into the (Jrigin of Moral Distinctions,' contained in The Fable q/7/(f yiee*-, Mandeville contends that virtue and vice, and the feelings of moral approba- tion and disapprobation, have been created in men by their several governments, for the pu…
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Mandrake (only in the plur. D^^tl^'^, dudaini', from 1^^, to be hot, from their amatory properties; whence the sing. ''^I^, a j)ot or boiling vessel, hence a basket, Jer. xxiv, 1) occurs in Gen. xxx, 14-1(5 : " Reu- ben went out in the days of wheat harvest, and found mandrakes in the field, and brought them home to hi…
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MANDRAKE TOO MANETHO regions aUoi:jed to possess strengthening virtues, when used in small quantities, hut they call it tujfuh el-nwja- ni.m, or " apjiles of the possessed," owing to the tempo- rary insanity which an over-dose produces. "At first," says a traveller, " I felt inclined to doubt the assertion, but duri…
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MANETHO vol MANETHO opolis. In addition to these works, Manetho is also said to have written, l,'l(pa Bi'/iAor, on the Egyptian re- ligion; 2, liepl upxdiafiov kch tvatjinac, on the an- cient rites and ceremonies of the Egyptians; 3, ^vaiKujv iiriTOfii] (Laertius, Proam. s. 10), probably the same work as that called…
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Chronologiccd Value of Manetho^s History. — The at- testation which the list obtains from contemporary mon- uments cannot be held to warrant the assumption that it is to be depended upon where these fail. For the monuments which attest, also correct its statements. Monuments prove some reigns, and even dynasties, con- …
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(ii) In several inscriptions certain dates are given to the " manifestation of Sothis," assumed to mean the he- liacal rising of Sirius, which, for 2000 years before our a;ra, for the latitude of Heliopolis, fell on the "idth of July. (Biot, indeed, Recherches des quelques dates abso- lues, etc., 1853, contends that t…
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It ajipears, then, that the supposed astronomical notes of time hitherto discovered lend but little aid, and bring nothing like certainty into the inquiry. We cannot ac- cept the lists as they stand. How are they to be recti- fied? Until we have the means of rectifying them, every attempt to put forth a definite scheme…
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That the exode cannot be placed before the 19th dy- nasty, Bunsen {ut sup. p. 234) holds to be conclusively shown by the fact that on the monuments which record the conquests of Rameses the Great in Palestine, no men- tion occurs of the Israelites among the Kheti (Hittites) and other conquered nations; while, on the ot…
961 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.