PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 5
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,342,977 words · 1313 reading sections
Section 301
VII. General Character. — 1. It is well to be reminded bj" the above survey that we have before us, not a book in five chapters, but five separate poems, each complete iu itself, each having a distinct subject, yet brought at the same time under a plan which includes them all. It is clear, before entering on any other …
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LAMENTATIONS, BOOK OF :iS L A:\IENTATI0NS, BOOK OF (comp. DeVitzschjCommentar iiher den Psalter, on Psa. ix, x). De Wette, however, allows, condescendingly, that the Lainontations, in spite of their degenerate taste, " have Slime merit in their way." Other critics have been more cntluisiastic in their admiration of th…
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1581, 8vo; in French, Spires, 1584, 8 vo; "in English, Lon- don, 1587, rimo, etc.); TaiUepied, Commentarii (Paris, 1582, 8vo) ; Panigarola, Adnotationes (Verona, 1583; Rome, 1586, 8vo); Agellus, Catena (Kom. 1589, 4to); J. Ibn-Shoeib, C^ZIS b'p (Ven. 1589, 4to); Sam, de Vi- das, "dl'nS (Thessalon. 1596, 8vo) ; Figuero…
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Lamiletiere, TiiiioriiiLE Brachet de, a noted French theologian, was born about the j'ear 1596. He studied at the University of Heidelberg, and afterwards practiced law at Paris. He soon, however, tired of the bar, and devoted himself to theology. Having become elder of the Protestant Church at Charenton, he took an a…
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Lamormain, Henri de, a Belgian Jesuit, brother of the preceding, and, like him, a native of Luxemburg, entered the Order of the Jesuits in 1596, but exerted lit- tle influence on account of feeble health. He died Nov. 26, 16-17. He translated and wrote several works-, among them are, Tractatus amoris divini constans, l…
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The lines, he thinks, may represent the twisted nature of the cotton wick, as they do the watering of the glass vase. Almost the only other fact we can gather in this con- nection is, that vegetable oils were burnt in them, and especially, if not exclusively, olive -oil. This, of the finest quality, was the oil used i…
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wood will ^inall Oriental hanging Lamps. serves to protect the flame from the wind. Lamps of this kind arc sometimes hung over doors. The shape in figure 3 is also that of a nuich- used indoor lamp, called kandil (Lane, Modern Kf/i/piian.i. chap. V, p. lol). It is a small vessel of glass, having a small tube at the l…
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Lampe, Fkiediuch Adoi.f, an eminent German Frotcstaut theologian, was born at Detmold (Lippe- Dctmold) Feb. 19, 1G83. He entered the University of Franeker, and later that of Utrecht, to study theology. He was successively pastor at Wees, Duisburg, and Bre- men. In 1720 he became professor of theology at Utrecht, and i…
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Lamy (or Lajii), Bernard, an eminent priest of the French Oratory, was born at Mans in June, 1610; studied under the Oratorians, joined their order in 1658, and completed his studies at Paris and at Saumur. He next taught belles-lettres at Vendome and JuLUy, and philosophy at Saumiu" and at Angers. In 1676 he was depri…
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Lancaster, Lydia, a female Quaker minister, daughter of Thomas Kawlinson, was born at Graith- waite, Lancashire, England, in 1684. In the course of her ministry she visited several times the greater part of England, Ireland, and Scotland, building up her soci- ety with great zeal and efficacy. In 1718 she came to the U…
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Lancellotti (or Lancelotti), Giovanni Paoli ("2), an Italian author and priest, was Ijoru at Perugia in 1575, and died in Paris in 1G40. He is noted as the au- thor of a successful work entitled To-daij (" L'Hoggidi"), intended to prove that the world was not morally or physically worse than it had been in ancient tim…
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It was, doubtless, in subservience to this object, and to facilitate the change, that the Israelites were put in possession of a country already in a high state of culti- vation (Deut.vi, 11) , and it was in order to retain them in this condition, to give them a vital interest in it, and to make it a source of happines…
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For this land a kind of cpiit-rent was payable to the sovereign Proprietor, in the form of a tenth or tithe of the produce, which was assigned to the priesthood. See Tithes. The condition of military service was also at- tached to the land, as it appears that every freeholder (Dent. XX, 5) was obliged to attend at the …
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out incurring the TiTath of heaven. The custom had doubtless prevailed long before (Job xxiv, 2), it was thus confirmed by express statute (Deut. xix, 14-, xxvii, 17), and it appears to have been strictly jjerpetuated in later times (Prov. xxii, 28 ; xxiii, 10). Similar precautious were in use among the Romans, who had…
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Laney, Bknjamin, D.D., a prelate of the Church of England, was bishop of Peterl)orough from 1C50 to 16G3 ; was then transferred to Lincoln, where he remained un- til 1()67, when he was transferred to the bishopric of Ely. He died about 1G75. Some of his sermons were pub- lished in ll)()2 and 1G75. He was considered a v…
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LANG 229 LANG and he was frequently tempted to retrace liis steps to the cloister, but was urged by pope Alexander II to con- tinue his public labors. The violent disposition of Wil- liam Kufus, who ascended the throne in 1087, was a fur- ther annoyance. Notwithstanding all these difficulties, he lal)ored perseverin…
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Lang, Lorenz Johann Jakob, a German theo- logian, born in Selb, in the principality of Baireuth, on May 10, 1731, was the son of a stocking-maker, and be- ing destined by his father to follow the same trade, he contended in his desire for study, which he early manifested, with many difficulties. By the assistance of hi…
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Langdoii, Samuel, D.D., a Congregational minis- ter, was born in 1722 in Boston. He graduated at Har- vard College in 1740, and was ordained colleague pas- tor in Portsmouth, N. H., Feb. 4, 1747. In 1774 he was elected president of Harvard College, which position he resigned Aug. 30. 1780. and was ordained, .Ian. 18, 1…
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Langeais, Raoul de, a French prelate, was born in the l)eginning of the 11th century. He was brother of Fulchredus, abbot of Charroux. Raoul became succes- sively dean of the Church of Tours and bishop of that diocese in 1072. His election, however, caused great disturbances. His enemies having accused him of in- cest …
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Langhorne, 'Williani, j\LA., an English divine,, was born in 1721. He was presented to the rectory of Hakinge, and received the perpetual curacy of Folke- stone in 1754. He died in 1772. He assisted his broth- er, John Langhorne, D.D., in the translation of a popu- lar version of Plutarch's Lives, and wrote himself Ser…
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SvnodofToul was intended to' settle all disputes between ' so sincerely devoted to tlie interests of his native coun the two kingdoms in regard to political and religious ([uestions, the preparatory Sjniod of Langres had either to recall the Augustinian resolutions of the Synod of Yalencc, or to alter them in such a m…
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later times, especially the bigoted citizens of Palestine, despised heathen languages, is notorious (Josephus, ,1 nt. XX, 11, 2); that they made use of the Greek, how-ever, is evident from the Talmud {Sota, ix, 14-, comp. Juda- im, iv, (), where Homer is mentioned), to say nothing of theN. T. — Winer, ii, 498. See Hell…
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Lanka, the ancient name of the capital of Ceylon, is celebrated in Hindu mythology as the chief city of the giant Ravana (q. \.\ who, by carrying off Sita, the wife of Rama, caused the conquest of Ceylon by the latter personage, who is considered as an incarnation of the god Vishnu. — Chambers, Cyclop, s. v. Lanneau, …
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Lantern {<pavoc, so called for its shinivrj) occurs only in John xviii, 3, where the party of men which went out of Jerusalem to apprehend Jesus in the garden of Gethsemanc is described as being provided "with lan- terns and torches :" it there probably denotes any kind of covered light, in distinction from a simple ta…
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Lantfredus or Lamfridus, a disciple of bishop Ethelnold of Winchester, flourished in the latter part of the lOfh century. He is known onlj^ by his life of St. Swithun. which is very interesting, as it affords fine fa- cilities for studying the manners and history of his time. "His style is very inflated, and it is rend…
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'•Laodicea is now a deserted place, called by the Turks Esli-hissar ("Old Castle"), a Turkish ^vord equiv- alent to Paled-lastro, which the Greeks so frequently apply to ancient sites. From its ruins, Laodicea seems to have been situated upon six or seven hills, taking up a large extent of ground. To the north and nort…
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two bishops were present, from different provinces of ; ter of the church leaving the gate for a moment, even Asia, and sixty canons were published, which were ac- in order to pray. 44. Forbids women entering mto the cepted by the other churches. 1. Permits the adminis- altar. 45. Forbids receiving those who do not pre…
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ticular attention had thus been called, and which was therefore the more likely to have been preserved. See Epiiksians, Ei'isTLE TO. Wicselcr's theory (^Apoit, ZeiUdter, p. 450) is that the Epistle to Philemon is meant; and the tradition in the Apostolical Constitu- tions that he was bishop of this see is adduced in co…
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Lao-tzu (formerly written Lao-tse), one of the most remarkable men of the Chinese Empire, the author of the Tao-te-kinr/, and founder of the religious sect known as Taoists (or Tauists), was born in the king- dom of Tsu B.C. 604. His family name was Le, or Plum ; in his youth he himself was called Urh, or Ear, a name g…
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There has been much discussion and much difference of opinion as to what Lao-tzu really intended by Tao. The word means a [lath, a road ; the way or means of doing a thing; a course ; reason, doctrine, principle, etc. Lao-tzu sf)metimes uses it in its ordinary' senses, l)ut it is evident that in general he uses it in a…
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(3.) Ill ethics, Lao-tzu held that in the beginning virtue and vice were unknown terms. Man, without effort, constantly lived according to Tao. In the next stage, man — though in the main virtuous — was occa- sionally sliding into vice, and was unable to retain the stability of unconscious goodness. Then came a period …
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Lapide. See Steen, Lapithae {Xa-Ki^ai), in mythical geography, a peo- ple of Thessaly, chiefly known to us from their fabled contests with the Centaurs. The battle between the Centaurs and the Lapithie has been minutely described by Hcsiod and Ovid. — Brande and Cox, ii, 317. Laphria (Aa^p/n), a surname of Artemis or…
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Laplace (Plac.eis), Josue de, a distinguished French Protestant theologian, was born in Brittany about the year 1605. After completing his studies in the University of Saumur, he taught philosophy for a LAPLACE 242 LAPLAND while, and in IG'25 was appointed pastor of the Church at Nantes. He left this situation in 1…
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La Placette, Jeax, a distinguished French Prot- estant theologian and moralist, was born at Pontac, in Beam, Jan. 19, 1639, and studied theology at the Prot- estant Academy of Montauban. Appointed pastor of Or- thez in 1660, he removed in the same capacity to Nai in 1664, and remained there until the revocation of the …
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the entire conversion of the Laplanders. In the treaty of Friedrichshaven Sweden had to cede its Lappish territory to Russia, but in 1814, in the treaty of Kiel, it received another portion from Norway. The most zealous missionary wlio has labored among the Lap- landers was pastor Stockfleth (bom in 1787), who joined t…
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dar months, exclusive of the day on wliich the benefice becomes void; and if the bishop be liimself the patron, he must collate to the benefice within the period of the first six months after the vacancy, as he is not entitled to six months in his character of patron, and six months more in his character of bishop. Whe…
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Xiapsi, in the more extended meaning of the word, '• t/ie J'aHen,'' especially those who were excluded from communion with the Church on account of having com- mitted one of the jKCcata niortalia. In a more restrict- ed sense, it was used to denote such as had " fallen away," i. e. committed the peccatum mortale of den…
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ornithological conductors lead them through a wild, des- ert tract terminated bij mountains and rocks, in which is situated the royal aviary of Epops. The Septuagint and ViUgate agree with the Arabian interpreters in translating the Hebrew term by iiroip and itpi(pu ; and, as the Syrian name is kikuphah, and the Egypti…
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Dr. Thomson, however, dissents from the common view above that the Hebrew dukiphath is the ordinary hed-hood or hoopoe, on the ground that the latter '' is a small bird, (/ood to eat, comparatively rare, and there- fore not likely to have been mentioned at all by Moses, and still less to have been classed Avith the unc…
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Lares, in connection with the Manks and the Pe- NATKS, were tutelary spirits, genii, or deities of the an- cient Romans. The derivation of the names is not per- haps quite certain, but the lirst is generally considered the plural of lar, an Etruscan word signifying " lord" or "hero;" the second is supposed to mean "the…
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LAROCHE 248 LAROMIGUIERE ty-seven different articles on a variety of topics. As the pastor of a church, as the successor of Dr. Goodrich in the professor's chair, and as a literarj' man, lie acquit- ted himself with fidelity and success. He was a man simple and unpretending in his tastes and habits, of great purity …
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(2.) Origin of our Ideas. — " Here, in order to swerve as little as possible in appearance from the philosophy of Condillac, he makes the whole matericd of our knowl- edge come from out sensibility. Condillac had derived all our ideas from sensation in its ordinary' and contract- ed sense; Locke had derived them from s…
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vants, April, IG88; Haag, Za France Protestante ; Hoe- fer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, xxix, G97. (J. N. P.) Larue, Charles de, a French Jesuit and celebrated preacher, was born at Paris in 1G43 ; joined the order in 1GS9, became soon after professor of rhetoric, and at once attracted the attention of Louis XIV by his tale…
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Las Casas. See Casas. La'sha (Heb. Le'sha, "'^h.Jissure, in pause "d^; Scjit. AamuYulg. Lesa). a place mentioned last in de- fining the border of the Canaanites ((ien. x, 19), and apparently situated east of the Dead Sea. According to Jerome (Qumst. in Gen.), Jonathan (where "'il'lbp is doubtless an erroneous transcri…
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LASIUS 251 LASKO excerpta (1649, 8vo ; Amst. IGGO, 8vo). For criticisms of this work, see Gindely, Gesch. d. bOhnmchen Brilder, ii, 90 ; Wagenmann, in Herzog, Real-JLiict/ldojiddie, xix, 776. His other works are. Chides Dantiscanorum (Frkf. 1578, 8vo) : — Historia de inr/ressu Polonorum in Wula- chiam anno 1572 (Fra…
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Lasko, John a (2), one of the most distinguished of tlie Polish reformers, was born at Warsaw in the early part of 1499, of one of the noblest famihes of Poland, which, during the 16th century especially, furnished many men illustrious in the Church, in the council, and the camp. We know little of John a Lasko's early …
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hesitation, Lasko was induced in 1543 to accept the charge, and in the following year was nominated super- intendent of all the churches of Friesland. He had al- ready declined the invitation to return to Poland, where he was assured that his marriage should not stand in the way of the bestowment of a bishopric. He lon…
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tion on the sacramentarian controversy, and there re- newed his assertion and vindicated his views. With Melancthon he succeeded better. Although he coidd not effect a union of the Lutherans and the Keformed. as he was exhorted to do by the kiiig of Poland, with a view to its happy effect in his own states, he yet secu…
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TRIUS. He must not be identified with the Cnidian instruc- tor of .the sons of Demetrius I Soter (Justin, xxxv, 2 ; comp. Livy, Epit. 52). There is a later Lasthenes, also a Cretan, who took a prominent part against the Ro- mans in B.C. 70-68 (Smith, Did. of Biogr. s. v. Las- thenes, No. 3).— Smith ; Kitto. Last Time…
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Lateran Councils, a general name for the eccle- siastical councils that have been convened in the Lat- eran Church at Rome, but especially five great councils held there, and regarded by the Roman Catholics as a'cumenical,viz. those of the years 1123,1139,1179,1215, and 1512-17. We have room to notice the most impor- t…
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Constans were condemned; and the judgment of the council pronounced in twenty canons, which anathema- tize all who do not confess m our Lord Jesus Christ two wLUs and two operations, II. The councils of 1105, 1112, and 1116, under Pascal II, concern the contest about investitures between the pope and the emperor, whic…
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III. The council of 1109, under Innocent II, con- demned the anti-pope Anacletus II, with his adherents, and deposed all who had received oilice under him. On the same day with the installation of Innocent II, in 1130, Peter of Leon, a cardinal, and grandson of a rich Jewish banker, had been proclaimed pope, as Anaclet…
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V. Tlie council of 1215, under Innocent III, was the most important of all the Lateran Councils. It is usu- ally styled the Fourth Lateran. It continued in session from November 11 to November 30, having present 71 archbishops, 412 bishops, 800 abbots, the patriarclis of Constantinople and Jerusalem, and the legates of…
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them over and make monks of them by establishing in 1201 the order of " Poor Catholics." Unsuccessful in this, he confiscated their lands to the feudal lords, and established an inquisition among them under the direc- tion of Dominic, which was formally sanctioned by the present council. The warfare against them, incit…
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Latimer, Hugh, one of the most distinguished prel- ates of the Church of England, undoubtedly one of the ablest, if not the al)lest ecclesiastic among the English reformers of the IGth century, called by Froude {Hist, of England, i, 204 ; comp. ii, 101) the John Knox of Eng- land, the bearer of a name that " now shines…
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LATIMER 259 LATIMER clearly marked out. Hitlicrto lie had been quite ortho- dox ill points of theoretic belief. '■ His mind," says Froude, " was practical rather than speculative, and he was slow in arriving at conclusions which had no im- mediate bearing upon action."' Now he broke loose al- together from the posit…
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Rescued from these perils by lord Cromwell, he was by the latter now introduced to Anne Boleyn, and by her appointed chaplain ; and in 1535 he was honored with the bishopric of Worcester. In this new appoint- ment, which marks an important epoch in the ecclesias- tical history of the day, Latimier was remarkably zeal( …
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Latimer thereafter sought retirement in the countr3-, where he would have continued to reside had not an ac- cident befallen him, the effects of which he thought the skill of London surgeons would alleviate. He arrived in London when the power of Cromwell was nearly at an end, and the mastery in the hands of Gardiner, …
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Latimer's character, which has been treated most beautifully by the late Rev. E. Thomson, D.D., LL.D., in his S/cetches, Biographical and Incidental (Cine. 1856), p. 42 sq., seems to us to present a combination of many noble and disinterested qualities. " He was brave, hon- est, devoted, and energetic, homely and popul…
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The Reformation of the 16th century first awoke a general desire for the use of the vernacular , France and Germany were particularly determined to secure tliis privilege. The Council of Trent, which was approached on this subject, however, onl}' so far regarded the de- mauds of Catharine de Medicis and the emperor Fer…
1,142 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.