PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 5
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,342,977 words · 1313 reading sections
Section 961
Pliny's notice of the obelisks (//. jY. xxxvi, 64), that known to be of Thothmes III is said to belong to Mt-s- phres, which, says Bunsen (iv, 130), " would be tlie pop- ular distinctive name given to this Thothmes." Just so ! And in the statement of Theon the king is pre- sented by " his popular distinctive name," Men…
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For the lirst seventeen dynasties, numbering in Afr. more than 4000 years, a bare statement of their con- tents and of the monumental evidence would greatly exceed the limits of this article. Perhaps the time is not far distant when the attempt to educe a connected chronology from Manetho (whether for or against the Mo…
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MANGEY (06 MANI mangers are built of small stones and mortar, in the shape of a box, or, rather, of a kneading-trough, and when. cleaned up and whitewashed, as they often are in summer, they do very well to lay little babes in" (Thom- son, Land and Book, ii, 98). See Stable. Mangey, Thomas, D.D., an English theolog…
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Among the works of Mani may be reckoned four books, sometimes ascribed to Terebinthus and some- times to Scythianus, entitled the Mi/steries, the Chap- ters or Heads, the Gospel, and the Treasure. In the -Mjjsteries Mani endeavored to demonstrate the doctrine of two principles from the mixture of good and evil which is…
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person of Mani, who was sent by the God of light to de- clare to all men the doctrine of salvation, without con- cealing any of its truths under the veil of metaphor, or under any other covering. Mani, like Christ, surrounded himself with twelve apostles, and sent them into the world to teach and to preach his doctrin…
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Organization. — " Manichreism," says Dr. Schaff (i, 250), '"differed from the Gnostic schools in having a fix- ed, and that a strictly hierarchal organization. At the head of the sect stood twelve apostles or magistri, among whom Mani and his successors, like Peter and the pope, held the chief place. Under them were se…
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Literature. — Archelaus (bishop of Cascar about 278), A eta disputationis cum Manete (first composed in Syriac, but extant only in a Latin translation, and in many re- MANIPA 709 MANLY spects untrustworthy), in Eolith's Reliquim sacrce, v, 3- 206. The Oriental accounts, of later date, indeed (the 9th and 10th centu…
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The three other letters do not merit serious attention (2 Mace, xi, 16-33). See AVernsdorflF, Be fid. Libr. Mac- cab, sec. Ixvi ; (irimm, Exeg. Handbuch, ad loc. ; and on the other side, Patritius, Be Cons. Mace. p. 142, 280. — Kitto, s. v. Manly, Basil, D.D., a Baptist divine and educator of note, was born in Chatham…
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At the organization of the ^Massachusetts Board of Ed- ucation, June 29, 1837, Horace Mann was elected its sec- retary, and, as such, he served for eleven years. He now gave up all other business, withdrew from politics, and devoted his whole time to the cause of education, intro- ducing normal schools and paid committ…
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MANN Vll MANNA all rational hopes respecting the future brightened. It is obvious that these glowing anticipations were born of something more, if not better, than reading, writing, and aritlimetic." Juliication was, in Mann's view, a word of mucli higher import than that popularly given to it. " Its function is to …
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This miracle is referred to in Deut. viii, 3 ; Neh. ix, 20; Psa. Ixxviii, 24; -John vi, 31, 49, 58; Heb. ix, 4. Though the manna of Scripture was so evidently mirac- ulous, both in the mode and in the quantities in which it was produced, and though its properties were so dif- ferent from anything with which we are acqu…
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MANNA 713 MANNHEIMER formed Dr. Royle that it was produced by a tree called GumMch, which grows in Candahar, and is about twelve feet high, with jointed stems. A fifth kind is produced on Culotrojns procera, or the plant called Asliiir. The sweet exudation is by Arab authors ranked with sugars, and called Shukur-al-…
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jManna is the emblem or sj'mbol of immortality (Rev. ii, 17): "I will give him to eat of the hidden manna;" i. e. the true bread of God, which came down from heav- en, referring to the words of Christ in John vi, 51, a much greater instance of God's favor than feeding the Israelites with manna in the wilderness. It is …
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Manning, James, D.D., a Baptist minister, was born at Elizabethtown, N.,J., Oct. 22, 1738, and was edu- cated at Princeton College (class of 1762). Soon after the completion of his collegiate course he was ordained jvastor of a Baptist Church in Morristown, N. J., but he remained only a year, and then became pastor of …
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MANSEL 715 MANSIONARII the minister is entitled to have designed to him by the presbj'tcry of the bounds half an acre of land for tlie manse, offices, and garden, and to liave the heritors or- dained to erect a manse and offices thereon. The stat- utes regarding manses require that they shall be situated near tlie p…
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Mansi, .J. Dominicus, a noted Italian prelate, was born ill Lucca Feb. 16, 1692; entered the Church at an early age, and Avas for a long time professor of theology at Naples. He was created archbishop in 1765, and died Sept. 27, 1769. He was distinguished for his his- torical and philological acquirements, as also for …
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Mansus Ecclesiae. Mansns is in reality equiv- alent to hints, iibi qiiis jianet, the residence including (lie portion of land belonging to it (Jnioho), and both expressions are sometimes used the one for the other (see Du Fresne, s. v.; Gnmm, Deutsche Rcchtsalterlhii- vier, p. 53t); ICichhorn, Deutsche Rechtsr/eschicht…
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Mantchuria, a Chinese territory in Eastern Asia, extending between lat. 42° and 53° N., is now the pos- session partly of the Chinese and partly of the Russians. It is bounded, according to its present liinits, by the Amur on the north ; by the Usuri and the Sungacha on the east, separating it from the Russian maritime…
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3. tl j'l^b, semikah' (Judg. iv, 14), the garment (roars;, " rug," or " blanket") used by Jael to fling over the weary Sisera as a coverlid (Sept. twifioXaioi', but Cfppi'f ap- pears to have been the reading of Origen and Augus- tine). The word is derived from Ti'?&, imponere, and is evidently a general term. Hesychius…
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MANTUA ■19 MANUEL s. V. ; Middleton, Evangelical Biogi-aphy, iii, 429. (J. H.W.) Mantua, an Italian province, formerly an indepen- dent duchy, had a high reputation in the time of the Komans. After sharing the fate of the rest of Northern Italy, it was seized by the Gonzagas about the com- mencement of the Wth cent…
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Manudiictor is the name of an ecclesiastical officer whose duty it was to give the signal to the choristers to sing, to mark the measure, beat the time, and regu- late the music. The word means to lead by means of the hand; and the officer was so called because he was required to stand in the middle of the aisle, and t…
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des. iii, col. 177 ; Fabricius, Bihl. Grcec. xi, 668). — Smith, Dict^ of Gr. and Rom. Biog. and Mythol. s. v. Manuel IIolouolus, a Byzantine ecclesiastic of the 13th century, about 1261 or 1262 was cruelly mutilated Ijy the cutting off of his nose and lips, by order of the ambitious Michael Pala;ologus, because he had…
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Manure. Although the Scriptures do not furnish us witli many details respecting the state of agriculture in Juda?a, yet we may collect from various passages many interesting hints that will enable us to form some itlca of the high state of its cultivation. See Agricul- TUKK. It is not probable that the Hebrews derived …
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(6.) Private MSS. are written partly in the square or Chaldee character, partly in the Rabbinical. The}- are held in far less esteem than the synagogue rolls, and are wont to be denominated profane (pesulini). Their form is entirely arbitrary. They are in folio, quarto, octavo,, and duodecimo. Of those written in the s…
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2. The age of Hebrew MSS. is not easily determined. It is true that they often contain subscriptions giving an account of the time when they were written, and the name of the scribe, or also of the possessor. But these accounts are often ambiguous, occasionally incorrect. Where they are altogether wanting it is still m…
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space between. An inscription states that the MS. was purchased in 938. It is obviously an important codex. Codex 590, Kennicott, folio. This MS. contains the Prophets and Hagiographa on parchment. The text has the vowel-points, but apparently from a later hand. The margin does not exhibit the Masorah, but variations …
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Several MSS. are accompanied with a Latin transla- tion interlined, or in a parallel column. Such have been called bili/iffues or Grmco-Laiini. 3. We shall now advert to the uncial MS. of the Greek Testament, and to those usually quoted in the examina- tion of the controverted passage 1 John v, 7. The for- •mer are m…
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C, Codex Ephraemi rescriptus (Paris, Bihl. Imp. 9), a palimpsest MS. which contains fragments of the Sept. and of every part of the N. T. In the r2th century the original writing was effaced, and some Greek writings of Ephraem Syrus were written over it. The MS. was brought to Florence from the East at the beginning of…
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BoERNER MANUSCI!IPT. H (of the Gospels), Codex Seidelii, II, a MS. of the four Gospels in the public library of Hamburg. It is imperfect in many places, belongs to the 9th or 10th century, and was collated by Tregelles in 1850. Hj (of the Acts), Codex Mutinensis (196 in the Ducal Library of Modena), a MS. of the Acts…
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()', the three hymns of Luke i and ii, as contained in the Psalter of Turin, written in gold and silver letters, belonging to the 7th century. Tischendorf is about to publish the entire Psalter. O", the same three hymns in a St.-Gall Codex, 17, written partly in Greek and partly in Latin. Tischen- dorf assigns the MS.…
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XICII IMANUStUIl-T. Y, (I'odex Barbcrlnus, No. 225, six leaves containing fragments of John's (iospel, belonging to the 8th cen- tury, copied by Tischendorf in 1843, and published in his Monumenta Sacra inedita, 1846. They are now in the Barberinian Librarj' at Eome. MANUSCRIPTS Y2V MANUSCRIPTS Z, CoiJex DiihUnens…
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131 (Act. 70; Paul. 77; Apoc. 66; Cod.Vaticanus, 360). llth cent. Formerly belonged to Aldus Manutius, and was probably used by him in his edition. Coll. by Birch. 157 (Cod. Urbino-Vat. 2). 12th cent. Coll. bv Birch. 218 (Act. 65; Paul. 57; Apoc. 33; CiEsar-Vindob. 23). 13th cent. Coll. by Alter. 238, 259 (Moscow, S…
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In examining jMSS. and comparing their characteristic readings, it is not ca.sy in every instance to arrive at the true original form l^ ^'^u*} ^^^- ^"-*'"-'^' ""'^ (•"utain.'! Acts xiii", 18-20 (Scrivener p Tgs' Tal;,. i i" a*>Q^'^- ^' <■'■'"" "•''•l«'a" Evnugelistary, No. S.-^O, contains John 1, 1-^3 (Scrivener, p. …
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Ma'onite (Heb. same word as Maon, used collec- tively; Sept. and Vulg. interpret Xavaav [v. r. MnCi- «/i], Chanuan, Auth. Vers. "Maonites"), an Arabian tribe mentioned in connection with the Amalekites, Si- donians, Philistines, and others as having oppressed the Hebrews (Judg. x, 12). They are the same as the Me- UNiT…
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Maiafoschi, Prospero, an Italian prelate, was born Sept. 2'J, ItioS, at Macerata; entered the priesthood while yet a youth ; became canon of St. Peter's at Rome, and later bishop in partibus of Cyrene. He enjoyed the favor and ('ontidence of several of the incumbents of the jiapal iliair. Clement XI, in 1721, gave him …
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MARANOS '731 MARBLE adjuration. It rather appears to be added ' as a weighty watchword' to impress upon the disciples the important truth tliat the Lord was at hand, and that they should be ready to meet him (Alford, Gr. Test, ad loc). If, on the other hand, the phrase be taken to mean, as it may, 'our Lord has come…
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Marban, Pedro de, a Spanish Jesuit and mission- ary, flourished near the close of the 17th century. In 1675 he went to Bolivia, and later to Mexico, and la- bored industriously to spread the Gospel of Christ among the savages of America, and Anally became superior of all the missions of the Jesuits in this quarter. He …
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" The marble pillars and tesscnc f)f various colors of the palace at Susa came doubtless from Persia itself, where marble of various colors is found, especially in the province of Harna<lan, Susiana (Marco Polo, Ti-avels, p. 78. ed. Bohn; Chardin, !'<»/. iii, 280, 308, 358; and viii, 2.")3 ; P. della Valle, T'w////, W-…
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Marbury, Euward, an English minister of the 17th century, became rector of St. James's, Garlickhithe, London, in 1613; subsequently rector of St. Peter's, Paul's Wharf, and retired from public labors during the liebellion. He died about 1C55. JMarbury published A Commentary on Obadiah (Loud. 1G40, 4to) : — .1 Com- ment…
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MARCELLUS V34 MARCELLUS a full confession, adding that lie had been tempted with gold. The synod declared that Marccllinus had con- demned liimself, for the prima sales non jialicutur a quo- qntiiu. This resulted, however, in Diocletian causing a large number of the bishops who had taken part in the synod, and even …
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Marcellus, bishop of Apamka (1), in Syria, near the close of the 4th century, distinguished hiiii-sclf par- ticidarly by his zeal for the destruction of tlie heathen temples. He considered them as maintaining heathen tendencies among the people. Having attempted to de- stroy the main temple of the city with the help of…
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Marchetti, Francois, an eminent French writer and archreoiogist, was born at Marseilles about the open- ing of the 17th century; was educated at a coUege of the "Fathers of the Oratory," entered their order in 1630, and became one of the ablest members. He died at his native place in 1688. Of his works the follow- ing …
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The fundamental point of Marcion's heresy was a supposed irreconciliable opi)ositi<)n between the Creator and the God of the Christians, or, in other words, be- tween the two religious systems, the Law and the Gos- pel. His theological system is but imperfectly known. St. Epiphanius accuses him of recognising three fir…
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TUINITV. Marcionites. See Marcion. Marcites or Marcitae, a sect of heretics in the 2d century, who also called themselves the Perfecti, and made profession of doing everything with a great deal of liberty, and without fear. This doctrine they bor- rowed from Simon INIagus, who, however, was not their chief; for they …
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Marcosians or Colobarsians, an ancient sect in the Church, making a branch of the Valentinians. IrentEus speaks at large of the leader of this sect, Mar- cus, who, it seems, was reputed a great magician. The Marcosians had a great number of apocryphal books^ which they held as canonical, and of the same author- ity wit…
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Marcus Ei{emTta (o 'Epj;/i/r;/Ci ''"^ Ascetic, called also I\1fira\'or, 'A/3/3dc> 'iurt AffKtjrijc; or Excercitator^, a disciple of Chrysostom,,and contemjiorary of Nilus and Isidore of I'elusium, was a celebrated Egyjitian hermit of the Scythian deserts, who lived at the close of the 4th and the beginning of the 5th c…
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Eight of the above mystical treatises are Xoyoi oKra, "equal to the number of the universal passions." A Latin version of all together was prepared by Joannes Picus (Paris, 15C3, 8vo ; later editions in Bibl. Pair.) ; a Greek version by Guillaume Morel, with the Antirrhetica of Hcsychius of Jerusalem (Par. 1563, 8vo). …
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Marcus Hleromonachus, said by Oudin to have been a monk of the convent of St. Saba, near Jerusalem, flourished in the opening of the 11th centurj'. He wrote ^i'vrayija fit,- tu diropovfiti'a rov tvttikov, De Dubiis quK ex Typico oriuntur, contained in the Typi- cum, or ritual directory of the Greek Church (Ti^ttikov ai…
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6. Mardochai, Isaac Nathan, an Italian rabbi, flour- ished at Home near the middle of the 11th century. He was the author of Concoi-dantiee Hebraicce (Basle, 1581, fol. ; Cracow, 1584, 4to, with a German transl.; Kome, 1622, fob, with additions by IVIario de Calasio; Lunilon, 1747-49, 4 vols, fol.) ; a Latin translatio…
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is a play on the name : " I will bring your heir (yoresh) to you, O city of inheritance" (Mareshah). The fol- lowing verse (16) shows that the inhabitants had adopt- ed the heathen and forbidden custom of cutting off the back hair as a sign of mourning. In the time of the Maccabieans it was occupied by the Iduma;ans (2…
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Maiets. See Maresius. Marezoll, JoiiAXX (ioTTi.on, a German theologian, was b(ini at I'lauen, grand-duchy of Saxe-Weim.-Eis., Dec. 2.% 1761; studied theology at the University of Leipsic from 1779 to 1783; became then tutor for three years in a private family; in 17Ki( Ix'came preacher of the University of (liittingen…
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Margaret (or Marjrjuerite) of Orleans, duchess of Alen(;c)n and afterwards queen of Navarre, occupies an important place in the history of French Protestant- ism. She was born at Angouleme April 11, 1492, and was brought up at the court of Louis XII. Her brother, afterwards Francis I, after he had ascended the throne, …
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Margarita (ftapyapTnc, margaritum), the pearl, was the name given in the Greek Church to the vessel in which the consecrated host was kept. IMargaritae, on the other hand, designated the pieces of the host which the priests preserved in a special vessel for the use of the sick. These pieces were dipped in consecrated w…
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though herself a zealous Roman Catholic, she maintain- ed the rights of her crown against the court of Rome, and endeavored to correct some of the worst abuses in the Chiu-ch. She prohibited the presence of priests at the making of wills, abolished the right of asylum in chiu-ches and convents, suppressed the Inquisiti…
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and died there in 1C24. Among Jlariana's works we notice J)e rerje et reyis {nstitutio)ie (Toledo, 1598), writ- ten at tlie request of Garcia de Loayso, and deilicated to Pliilip III. In this work he expresses his views on royaltv with the greatest freedom, even going so far as to maintain that, under certain circumsta…
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When Leon de Castro questioned the orthodoxy of Arias JMontanus for introducuig rabbinical readings and commentaries into the Plantina liet/ia or Ph'dippina Polyglot, a new edition of the Complutensis which JMon- tanus had undertaken at the command of Philip II, Mariana silenced the noisy polemic by his historical, ecc…
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Real-EncyUopddie, ix, 105 sq. ; Pierer, Univeisal-Lexi- kon, x, 884 ; Enyl. Cyclojnedia, s. v. ; Hoefer, Nouv. Biog, Generale, xxxiii, 618 sq. (J. N. P.) Marianists, an order of knighthood. See Ksigiit- iiooi), p. 132 (iv) ; Teutonic Knights. Marianus Scotus, a noted ecclesiastic, was born in Ireland or Scotland A.I)…
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Mar'inioth (2 Esdr. i,2),the Latin form of Mkre- Morii ((1. v.). Marin, Michel Ange, a French ecclesiastical writ- er, was born of a noble family at Marseilles in 1697. In 1714 he was admitted to tlie order of the Minimes; was employed in their schools, and four times filled a pro- vincial office. He possessed not onl…
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Another St. jMarinus is commemorated on the 4th of September. He was a native of Dalmatia, and worked on the bridge of Rimini, when his piety attracted the notice of bishop Gaudentius of Brescia, who persuaded him to enter the Church, and made him deacon. Ma- rinus retired on the mountain of Titano, where he erect- ed …
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transmitted by Mary (p. 127); that all gifts, virtues, graces are dispensed by her, to whomsoever, when, and as she pleases (p. 128) ; tliat from her the world receives ever}' good (p. 128) ; that she is the Helper of the Re- demption (p. 133) ; that she and her Son redeemed the world (p. 133) ; that she is the Co-oper…
823 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.