PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 5
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,342,977 words · 1313 reading sections
Section 841
xiv, 17, 18 i, 9 xvi vii,3 xiv, XV xii, 7 xlvi xiv, 19 1,9 xvii ix, 1-22 xii, 18, 19 xlvii xiv, 19, 20 i, 9 xviii ix, 2S-72 xiii, 1-10 Xlviii xiv, 22, 23 1,10 xix xiii, 11-14 xlix xiv, 24, 25 i, 11 XX xiii, 15 1 xiv, 26, 27 i, 11,12 ^xli xiii, 16, 17 xiii, 17 xiii, 18 Ii Iii liii xiv,…
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V. Versions and Literature.— Th.o\\g\\ this book is in our estimation as important as 2 Mace, yet there has hardly anything been done to elucidate its narrative. In the absence of the original Hebrew, the Arabic ver- sion of it, printed in the Paris and London Polyglots, is the text upon which we must rely. The editors…
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Macdill, Daa'id, D.D., a Presbyterian minister, was born in South Carolina, studied under the celebrated American Presbyterian pulpit orator and theologian Dr. John Mason, of New York, and commenced preaching in Ohio. Macdill spent the latter part of his life in suc- cessfully performing the duties of an editor and dir…
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hills, running easterly from Pindus to Olympus and the iEgaean ; and that it is divided on the east from Thrace by a less definite mountain boundary running south- wards from HiBmus. Of the space thus inclosed, t^vo of the most remarkable physical features are two great plains, one watered by the Axius, which comes to …
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Macedo'nian (M«Kf ^wi') occurs in the A. V. of the N. T. only in Acts xxvii, 2. In the other cases (Acts xvi, 9; xix, 29; 2 Cor. ix, 2, 4) our translators render it " of Macedonia." The " Macedonians" are also mentioned in the Apocrypha ( Esth. xvi, 10, 14; 1 Mace, i. 1 ; 2 ]Macu. viii. 20). See Macedonia. Macedonians.…
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Machar, Jonx, D.D., a Presbyterian minister, was born in Brechin, Scotland, in 1798. He was educated at King's College, Aberdeen, and afterwards at the Uni- versity of Edinburgh. On receiving license to preacli, he became assistant to the parish minister, and in 1828 emigrated to Canada, and took charge of the Church i…
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whose prowess and skill in battle had been fully proved in the subjugation of so difficidt a tract (Stanley, S. and Pal. p. 327)" (Kitto). " The connection with Benjamin may perhaps have led to the selection by Abner of Ma- hanaim, which lay on the boundary between (Jad and Manasseh, as the residence of Ishbosheth (2 S…
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jecting from the west side of the Haram is a little build- ing containing the tomb of Joseph — a Moslem tradition states that his body was first buried at Shechem, but was subsequently transferred to this place (Stanley, Jew- ish Church, i, 498). The Jews cling around this build- ing still, as the}' do aromid the ruins…
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395), s. D. Luzzatto (TTrn-ib sii:: X^l-l ^33 5n:?22, Einleit. z. Machsor nach rom. Bitus, Livorno, 1856), and L. Landshuth (tTT^a^n ''1^^CV,0 noma st icon auctorum hymnoriim Ilehmorum eorumque carminum, fasciculus i, Berol. 1857). There is a beautiful edition of the Mach- zor, and a masterly version of it in German b…
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Mackey, James Love, a Presbyterian minister, was born in Lancaster County, Pa., Jan. 26, 1820. His early educational privileges were few, but, being fond of study, he struggled hard to qualify himself for teach- ing. When fourteen years old he opened a school in his father's house ; subsequently he taught public school…
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We have thus far sketched the life of Sir James Mack- intosh somewhat more in detail than the limited space of our Cyclopedia really warrants, in order to enable MACKLAURIN 624 MACLAINE our readers fully to appreciate the valualile services of this master-mind in the department of philosophy, not only so far as the…
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Macknight, J^uies, D.D., an eminent Scotch di- vine, was born in Ayrshire in 1721. He studied in the University of Glasgow, but, like many of the I'resbyte- rian divines both of his own country and of England, went abroad, and finished his studies at Leyden. On his return he entered the ministiy in the Scotch Church (i…
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Maclean, Archibald, an English Baptist minis- ter, was born JMay 1, 1733 (O. S.), at East KUbride, in Lanarkshire. He was for many years pastor of the Baptist Church in Edinburgh, and was founder of the Baptist congregations in Scotland. He died in Edin- burgh Dec. 12, 1812. Mr. Maclean published Para- phrase and Comme…
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MACWHORTER 626 MADAGASCAR June. 1800, he was ordained and installed pastor of the united congregations of Cross Koads and Three Springs. During this connection he had an important agency in the revival in Western Pennsylvania, and was one (if those who formed the '• Western Miss. Society." In 1823 he went on a missi…
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Among those particularly worthy of praise, for ser- vices rendered in the missionary efforts in Madagascar, is the Rev. William Ellis (died in July. 1872). By years of missionary labors performed in the .South Sea Isl- ands he had become thoroughly acquainted with the missionary work ; and when, by the death of Ranaval…
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The Roman Catholic Church is the established re- ligion of Madeira, and until recently none other was tolerated. In 1839, Dr. Kallc}', a physician, began to disseminate Protestant doctrines, and ultimately the Scotch Church took up the work most successfully be- gan by Dr. Kalley. The spirit of persecution, so general …
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ed by Kiepert (in his iifap, 1856) as the modern repre- sentative of Menois, and therefore of Madmannah. A more plausible identification, however, is that of Yan de Yelde {Trai'els, ii, 130) of the modern ruined viUagc Mirkih, west of the south end of the Dead Sea, as a rep- resentative of the ancient Beth-marcaboth, …
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Ma'don (Heb. Mmlon', "ii'l^, strife, as in Prov. xv, 18, etc. ; Sept. Maliov v. r. Moqmv), a Canaanitish city in the north of Palestine, ruled over by a king named Jobab in the time of Joshua, who captured it (Josh, xi, 1; xii, 19). Calmet (L'ic/.s. v.), arbitrarily conjecturing that Mitron is tlie true reading, refers…
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MADRUZZIUS 630 MAFFIT inferior to the similar establishments in Calcutta, and even in Bombay; one of the finest light-houses in the vorlcl ; the Scotch Church of St. Andrew, founded in 1818, a stately and beautiful edifice ; a university, with three European professors, and numerous teachers both European and native…
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Maffei, Giovanni Pietro, a noted Italian Jes- uit, was born at Bergamo about 1536; was for a time professor at Genoa, became in 1564 secretarv- of the gov- ernment at that place, and in 1565 joined the Jesuits, among whom he gained a great reputation. Brought to the notice of cardinal Henry, of Portugal, he Mas called …
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Magalhaeus, Pedro de, a Portuguese theologian, was born at Torres- Vedras about 159"2; was for some time instructor in theology at the convent of the Do- minican order to which he himself belonged ; and died in 1G77. He published Be Scientia Dei (Lisbon, 1866, 4to) : — De Prcedestinationis Excequaiione (ibid. 1667, 4to…
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MAGDALEN 632 MAGI Rahh. s. V. ■Maria ; ami Buxtorf, Lex. Talm. col. 389, 1459.) Maitilaliim is ineiitioncd as between Tiberias and Ca- pernaum as early as by Willibald, A.D. 722 ; since that time it is occasionally named by travellers, among oth- ers Quaresmius, jBYwcif/a/io, p. 8G6 b; Sir K. Guyllbrde, Pijlgrijmage…
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Maghrebi. See Aaron ha-Rishon. Magi is the Latin form of the Greek term fidyoi, magians, rendered '■ wise men" in Matt, ii, 1, 7, 16, and occurring likewise in the singular ^layoc, "sorcerer," with reference to Elyraas (Acts xii, 6, 8). Compare the epithet Simon Magus. The term is still extant on the cuneiform inscrip…
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Meg or IMag occurring in names and titles belonging to other peoples, as Mag-Elzer (fire-priest), the father of Artemis among the Phoenicians; Teker-Mag,TekeT the ]\Iagus (on a Cilician coin), etc. When it is considered that the Chaldiean was the older nation, and that the Assyrians derived many of their religious beli…
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office v.-hich naturally, in those early times, made this caste likewise the chief depositaries of science and cul- tivators of art. Little in detail is known of the magi during the independent existence of the Jledian gov- ernment; but under the IMedo-Persian sway the magi formed a sacred caste or college, which was v…
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Among the Greeks and Romans they were known under the name of ChahhTans (Strabo, xvi, 7C2 ; Diog. Laert. Procem. 1), and also of magi (Diog. Laert. viii, 1, 3). They lived scattered over the land in different places (Stral)O, xvi, 739; compare Dan. ii. 14), and had possessions of their own. The temple of Belus was em- …
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ence in which the magi were held : " Then the king, Nebuchadnezzar, fell upon his face and worshipped Dan- iel, and commanded that they should offer an oblation and sweet odors imto him" (verse 46 ; see also verse 48). From the 4yth verse it would seem not unlikely that the administration of justice in the last resort …
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V. Transition-stages in the History of the Word and of the Order between the close of the 0. T, and the time of the X. T. — In the mean while the title magi was ac- quiring a new and wider signification. It presented it- self to the Greeks as connected with a foreign system of divination, and the religion of a foe whom…
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We cannot wonder that there shoidd have licen very varj'ing interpretations given of words that allowed so wide a field for conjecture. Some of these are, for vari- ous reasons, worth noticing. (1) The feeling of some early Amters that the coming of the wise men was the fulfilment of the prophecy which spoke of the gif…
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age. As they journeyed they again saw the star, which for a time, it would seem, they had lost sigjit of, and it guided them on their way. (See Star in the East for this and all other questions connected with its ap- pearance.) The pressure of the crowds, which a fort- night, or four months, or well-nigh two years befo…
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YIL Later Traditions ichich have gathered round the Magi of Matt. ii. — In this instance, as in others, what is told by the Gospel writers in plain, simple words has become the nucleus for a whole cycle of legends. A Christian mythology has overshadowed that which it- self had nothing in common with it. The love of the…
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MAGIC 639 MAGIC ing-place of the precious relics. There the fame of the three kings increased. The prominence given to all the feasts connected with the season of the Nativity — the transfer to that season of the mirth and joy of the old Saturnalia — the setting apart of a distinct day for the commemoration of the E…
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2. With the Shemites magic takes a lower place. No- where is it even part of religion, yet it is looked upon as a powerful engine, and generally unlawful or lawful according to the aid invoked. Among many of the Shemitic peoples there linger the remnants of a primi- tive fetishism. Sacred trees and stones are reverence…
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the servants of God, they conspicuously fail. Pharaoh's magicians bo\v to the divine power shown in the won- ders wrought by Moses and Aaron. Balaam, the great enchanter, comes from afar to curse Israel, and is forced to bless them. II. Biblical Notices. — In examining the references to magic in the Bible, we must kee…
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The worship or use of teraphim after the occupation of the Promised Land cannot be doubted as having been one of the corrupt practices of those Hebrews who leaned to idolatry, but did not abandon their belief in the God of Israel. Altliough the Scriptures draw no marked distinction between those who forsook their relig…
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The only account of the act of divining by teraphim is in a remarkable passage of Ezekiel relatmg to Nebu- chadnezzar's advance against Jerusalem. "Also, thou son of man, appoint thee two ways, that the sword of the king of Babylon may come: both twain [two swords] shall come forth out of one land : and choose thou a p…
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We again hear of the magicians of Egypt in the nar- rative of the events before the exodus. They were summoned by Pharaoh to oppose jNIoses. The account of what they effected requires to be carefully examined, from its bearing on the question whether magic be an imposture, ^^^e read : "And the Lord sjiake unto IMoses a…
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nature always produce with races of a low type, where a higher feeling would only be touched by the analogies of life and death, of time and eternity. No wonder that, so struck, the primitive race imagined the evils of the unseen world to be the recurrence of those against which they struggled while on earth. That ther…
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fabricator of material charms or amulets," if ^311, when i simplest explanation seems to be tliat Balaam was never used of practicing sorcery, means to bind magical knots, and not to bind a person by spells. G. SIX >X'J is "an inquirer by a familiar spirit." The second term signi- fies a bottie, a familiar sjiirit cons…
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MAGIC 645 MAGIC Most of all, the vigor of the narrative, showing ns the scene in a iew words, proves its antiquity and genuine- ness. We can see no reason whatever for supposing that it is an interpolation. " Now Samuel was dead, and all Israel had lamented him, and buried him in Kamali, even in his own city. And S…
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that he felt closing about him were one from which he should never escape, Saul had that keener sense that some say comes in the last hours of life, and so, con- scious that the prophet's shade was near, or was about to come, at once sought to see and speak with it, though this had not before been purposed. Strange thi…
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From the beginning to the end of this strange history we have no warrant ibr attributing supernatural power to magicians. Viewed reasonably, it refers to the ques- tion of apparitions of the dead as to which other places in the Bible leave no doubt. The connection with mag- ic seems purely accidental. The witch is no m…
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Jeremiah was constantly ojijioscd by false projihets, who pretended to sjieak in the name of the Lord, saying that they had dreamed, when they told false visions, and who practiced various magical arts (xiv, 14 ; xxiii, 2.5, ad fin. ; xxvii, 0, 10 — where the several designations a])plied to those who counselled the pe…
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9. After the Captivity, it is probable that the Jews gradually abandoned the practice of magic. Zechariah speaks indeed of the deceit of teraphim and diviners (x, 2), and foretells a time when the very names of idols should be forgotten, and false prophets have virtually ceased (xiii, 1-4), yet in neither case does it …
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HI. During the Middle Ages, and down almost to the 18th ccnturj', magic was greatly studied in Europe, and could boast of distinguished names, who attempted to treat it as a grand and mj-sterious science, by means of which the secrets of nature could be discovered, and a certain godlike power acquired over tlie " spiri…
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MAGILL 649 MAGISTRATE Theological Seminary ; a member of the American Board of Foreign Missions, also of the Publishing Committee of the American Tract Society, etc. Besides several able published discourses, Dr. Magie was the author of The Sprinci-time of Life (an excellent volume of 350 pages, published by the Ame…
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Magistrate (the representative in the Auth.Vers. of several Heb. and Gr. words, as below), a public civil officer invested with authority. Among the Hebrews, Greeks, and Romans, the corresponding terms had a much wider signification than the term magistrate has with us. The Hebrew CIJSU, shophetim', or judges, were a k…
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not a Gentile. See King. Judges, genealogists, the heads of families or clans, and those who, from the rela- tion they sustained to the common class of people, may be called the princes of the tribes, retained their author- ity after as well as before the introduction of a monarch- ical form of government, and acted th…
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The military force that was granted to the procura- tors of .Judjea consisted of six cohorts, of which five were stationed at CajsarA, where the procurator usually resided, and one at Jerusalem, in the tower of Antonia, which was so situated as to command the Temple (Acts X, 1 ; xxi, 32). It was the duty of the militar…
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"NLsL^nanixaity, 'jreatness of soul, a disposition of MAGNENTIUS Goi MAGNUS mind exerted in contemning dangers and difficulties, in scorning temptations, and despising eartlily pomp and splendor. — Cicero, De OJfic. lect. i, eh. xx ; Grove, Moral FhUosophy, ii, 268 ; Steele, Christian Hero ; Watts, Self- murder; l'…
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3. St. MACiNus, of Altinum, in Venicia, became bish- op of Odessa about 638 ; transmitted his episcopal charge to Heraclea, and died about 660. He is commemorated Oct. 6. 4. St. Magnus flourished in the earlyhalf of the 6tli century, as bishop of Milan (522-529). He is commem- orated Nov. 5. — Herzog, Eeed-Encyldoji. …
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equally vague acceptation, it nevertheless seems to have pointed more precisely to the northern tribes of the Cau- casus, between the Euxine and the Caspian Seas. The people of that region, it seems, were a terror to middle Asia; and they have often been named the Scythians of the East. Jerome says of Magog that it mea…
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Maha-deva (i. e. "the great god") is one of the names liy which the Hindu god Siva is called. In Piuddliistic history, Mahadeva, who lived 200 years after the death of the Buddha Sakyamuni, or 343, is a re- nowned teacher who caused a schism in the Buddhistic Church. His adversaries accuse him of every jiossible crime …
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Ma'hali (Exod. vi, 19). See Mahlt. Maha-maya is the name of the mother of Buddha. See Gautajia. Mahana'im (Hebrew Afachana'yim, d^iriB, tico camps, as often, and explained in Gen. xxxii, 2 as mean- ing the heavenly army of God ; where the Sept. has Jlaoipjio\al,\n\g. Muhanaim, iciest Castra ; elsewhere Maai'aip or Mn…
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Ma'harai (Hebrew J/a/iam^', "^^Ji^, hasty; Sept. Maxapat and Moopni v. r. Mapat and Mfj/pn), a Ne- tophathite, and one of David's chief -warriors (2 Sam. xxUi, 28 ; 1 Chron. xi, 30) ; being a descendant of Ze- rah, and the tenth captain of a contingent of 24,000 men (1 Chron. xxvii, 13). B.C. 1014. Maha-Rudra is anoth…
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Ma'havite (Hebrew only in the plur. Marhavtm', C^irfO, reviriiir/; Sept. MfirociV v. r. Mowi, Vulg. Ma- humitcs, Auth. Vers. ''^Nlahavitc ;" probably by erroneous transcription for the sing. "^W/C), apparently a patrial attribute of Eliel, one of David's body-guard (1 Chron. xi, 46) ; but no place or person Mahavah or…
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Mahnenschmidt, John Petkr, a pioneer of the German Iteformcd Church in Ohio, was born probably in Somerset or in Westmoreland Co., Pa., in 1783; firs"t taught school for a number of years, and was ihially, in 1812, licenssd to preach, and soon after removed to (3hio, where lie performed missionarv labors in the countie…
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Mai, Angelo, a noted Roman Catholic prelate, and one of the most distinguished scholars of the 19th cen- tury, was born at Schilpario (province of Bergamo), It- ah', March 7, 1782. As a youth he arrested the atten- tion of his instructor, the ex-Jesuit father Lewis Mozzi de' Caspitani, by the unusual taste and capacity…
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MAIANEAS 659 MAIL they were still on his hands, he commenced an edition of the well-known Codex Vaticanus of the Old and New Testament, with various readings and prolegomena, which, however, he never entirely completed ; or if he did, as some suj^pose, he destroyed a greater part of his manuscript on the Old Testame…
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Maigrot, Charles, a French Jesuit and missioii- arjr, was born at Paris in 1652; entered the order and prepared for missionary labors in foreign parts. In 1681 he was sent to Siam, and in 1683 he was placed in charge of the missions of China. In 1698 pope Inno- cent XII created him, for his zeal in propagating Chris- t…
1,041 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.