PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 7
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,372,028 words · 1337 reading sections
Section 721
(a.) The principal building situated with- in the palace was, as in all East- ern palaces, the great hall of state and audience ; here called the " House of the Forest of Leba- non." Its dimensions were 100 cubits, or 150 feet long, by half that, or 75 feet in width. Ac- cording to the Bible (1 Kings vii, 2) it had "f…
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(f/.) Behind this, we are told, was the inner court, adorned w'ith gardens and fountains, and surrounded by cloisters for shade; and besides this were other courts for the residence of the attendants and guards, and, in Solomon's case, for the three hundred women of his harem : all of which are shown in the plan (fig. …
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PALACE 544 PALACE but a series surrounding or enclosing (comp. vi, 3G ; vii. 18, 20, 24, 42; Ezek. xlvi, 23) ; so that the four rows of pillars went round the hall, forming four aisles inside the wall, or, as the Vulgate renders the passage, " qua- tuor deaiiibiilaira inter columnas cedrinas" (lig. 3). On :^ ill …
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Noyon, Beauvais, Auxerre, Meaux, and Laon. — Walcott, Sacred Ai'chceol. a. v. Paladini, FiHppo, an Italian painter commended by Hackert, flourished about 1600, and executed several works for the churches in Syracuse, Palmara, Catania, and other places. Lanzi thinks this artist the same as Filippo Palladino (q. v.). Se…
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Palaesti'iia (Exod. xv, 14; Isa. xiv, 29, 31). See Palestine. Palafox, Juan de, a Spanish prelate, noted as a theological writer, was born in the kingdom of Aragon in 1600, The descendant of an illustrious familj-, and a distinguished scholar of the University of Salaman- ca, he was caUed by Philip IV to a place in th…
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PALAMAS 547 PALAMAS appears to have been kept secret, and was only revealed to Barlaam by an incautious monk, whom Cantacuzenus abuses for his communicativeness. Barlaam eagerly seized the opportunity afforded by this discovery to as- sail with bitter reproaches the fanaticism of these He- sychasts (I'lcyvxuiiovTeg)…
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The peculiar leading tenets of the Palamites were the existence of the mystical light discovered by the more eminent monks and recluses in their long exercises of abstract contemplation and prayer, and the uncreated nature of the light of Mount Tabor seen at the trans- figuration of Christ. The first attracted the noti…
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Palamite s. See Palamas. Palanquin. See Litter. Palatini is the name by which was designated one of the three classes of subdeacons in Pome especially appointed to wait upon the bishop. Palatinus, a surname of Apollo, under which he was worshipped at Rome, where he had a temple on the Palatine hill. Palatius, Joann…
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"Tliey are heartless and comjilaining men," said he in his defence, "who seek to decl;ire tlie most innocent ac- tion a crime; so that one dares not venture to praise, uu- piinislied, the srlory of Christ, who is the Author of all happiness, the King of all nations and peoples. The fact that I have written a book this …
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PALEARIO 550 PALEOTTI be suspended on a gibbet and his body to be given to the Hamcs ; and the sentence was executed on July 3, 1570, in the seventieth year of his age. A minute, which professes to be an otBcial document of the Do- minicans who attended him in liis last moments, but which has neither names nor signa…
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The natives are descended from Javanese, who in the 16th century, or earlier, settled in Palembang, and ruled over the whole land. The race, however, has become mixed with other Malays, and the language has lost its purity. In the north-west interior is a tribe called the Koeboes (Kubiis), of whose origin nothing is kn…
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his apostles. In their age Palestine became the birth- place of intellectual life and civil and religious liberty. From these liave since been developed all the scientific triumphs, all the social progress, and all the moral grandeur and glory of the civilized world. There was a fidness of prophetic meaning in the word…
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II. The Boundaries of Palestine require to be defined with care and minuteness. IMuch confusion has arisen in Biblical geography from the way in which this sub- ject has been treated, and from the diversity of views which prevails. No two writers agree on all points. The accounts of ancient geographers — Greek, Roman, …
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The east border has some well-known landmarks — Riblah, the Sea of Chinnereth, and the Jordan to the Dead Sea (Numb, xxxiv, 10-12). The line ran down the valley of Coele-Syria and the Jordan, thus exclud- ing the whole kingdom of Damascus, with Bashan, Gilead, and Moab. It would seem, however, that the country east of …
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The eastern shore of the Mediterranean runs in nearly a straight line from Egypt to Asia Minor, and of this line the seaboard of Palestine fjrms about one third to- wards, not at, its southern end; Gaza being 50 miles distant from Egypt, while the mouth of the Litany is 250 from Asia Minor. Palestine occupies the whole…
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It appears that when our Authorized Version was made, the English name Palestine was considered to be equivalent to Philistia, Thus Milton, with his usual accuracy in such points, mentions Dagon as " dreaded through the coast Of Palestine, in Gath and Ascalon, And Accarou and Gaza's frontier bounds" (Par. Lost, i, 46…
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PALESTINE 556 PALESTINE glorj', and again in the person of Jesus, For this land the Lord always demanded both a special acknowledg- ment of lordship and certain stipulated returns to hira, as tithes and first-fruits (Keland, p. 1(5, 17). 5. The Land of Israel (bx'^ir;' y"1X; N.T. yf/ 'lapa- 7jX). — By this name Pal…
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9. The modern name of the country is es-Shem {Geoyr. Woi-Ji^ ofSadik Isfahani, in Ibn Haukal's Oriental Geoyr. p. 7), corresponding to the ancient Aram, and to our Syria. But this of course includes much more than what we usually call Palestine. The Jews to this day call Palestine by the Chaldee name o( Areo-Keditsha, …
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Though Palestine was, in the divine purpose, destined for Israel by God, j-et Israel was not its first possessor. Other nations, seven in number (if not more), meted it out between them— children of Ham, not of Shem ; nay, Jerusalem itself owed its origin to them, " Thy fa- ther was an Amorite, thy mother a Hittite" (E…
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4. The notices of Palestine in Jewish, Christian, Mo- hammedan, and modern writings are of course innu- merable. IV. Pki/sicul Geography. — The superficial conforma- tion of Palestine is simple, peculiar, and in some respects luiique, and the leading features which have in all ages characterized it grow out of this pe…
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(1.) The Maritime Plain.— ¥rom the bank of the Lita- ny on the north, for a distance of some twenty miles, the plain is a mere strip, nowhere more than two miles wide, and generally much less. The surface is undulating, and intersected by ridges of whitish limestone, which shoot out from Lebanon, and break off in cliff…
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Another feature of the plain is the depth of its wadys or torrent-beds. At the northern end of Sharon their banks are comparatively low and sedgj^, bordered by tracts of meadow, which, owing to their depression and the accumulation of sand along the coast, are overflowed during the rainy season, and thus converted into…
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In the Koman times this region was considered the pride of the country (Joseph. War, i, 29, 9), and some of the most important cities of the province stood in it — Caesarea, Antipatris, Diospolis. The one ancient port of the Jews, the "beautiful" city of Joppa, occupied a position central between the Shephelah and Shar…
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PALESTINE 501 PALKfSTlNE The " highways lie waste, the earth mourneth and lan- guisheth." The bald mountains of Judah are far more densely peopled even yet than this liighland paradise. The plain of Esdraelon (q. v.), as stated above, inter- sects the mountain-chain, and forms a connecting link between the maritime…
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Fountains are rare, and their supplies of water scant}' and precarious among the mountains of Benjamin and Judah. Wells take their place, bored deep into the white soft limestone rock ; covered cisterns, into which the rain-water is guided, are also very numerous, and large open tanks. The glens which descend westward …
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of men and animals ; hence the labor expended on wells, and the obstinacy with which rival tribes disputed their possession ((ien. xxi, 25, 30 ; xxvi, 15, etc.). Vineyards and olive-groves disappear a few miles south of Jerusa- lem ; the larger oak-trees, which are seen here and there farther north, give place to bushe…
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Jerusalem, highest point of the city 25S5 Mount of Olives 2665 Bethlehem 2704 Pools of Solomon (in a valley) 2513 Ruins of Raniah, three miles north of Hebron 2800 Hebron (in a valley, with higher ridges rouud it) 3029 Carmel, eight miles south of Hebron 2238 Ed-Dhoheriyeh, tifteeu miles south-west of Hebron. . …
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Farther south the communication between the moun- tains of Judah and the lowland of Philistia are hitherto comparatively unexplored. They were doubtless the scene of many a foray and repulse during the lifetime of Samson and the struggles of the Danites, but there is no record of their having been used for the passage …
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The western bank of the valley, though everywhere clearly and sharply defined, is irregular, like a deeply indented coast-line, occasioned by the broken character of the ridge behind, and the glens and broad plains which run into it. The eastern bank is different. It is straight as a wall, except for a short distance i…
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The western shore of the sea follows the base of the cliffs to the southern extremity, where the salt hills, called Khashm Usdum, " the ridge of Sodom," project from the west far into the Ghor. On the east, the shore-line keeps close to the mountains for about three- quarters of its length ; then a long, low, sandy pro…
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How far the valley of the Jordan was emj^loyed by the ancient inhabitants of the Holy Land as a medium of communication between the northern and southern parts of the country we can only conjecture. Though not the shortest route between Galilee and Juda^n, it would yet, as far as the levels and form of the ground are c…
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At the eastern base of the ridge commences the noble plateau of Bashan, at once the richest and the largest plain in Palestine. It extends unbroken southward to the banks of the Yarmuk (thirty miles), and eastward to Jebel Hauran (fifty miles). The western part of it is called Jauldn (l^ij, FoiAorT-tc), the eastern IIu…
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South of the river Yarmuk the plain of Bashan gives place to the picturesque hills of Gilead, Their slopes are easy, their tops rounded, and there are undulating plateaus along the broad summit of the ridge. Their elevation, as seen from the east, is not great. The distant view is more that of an ascent to a higher par…
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was supplied by tanks and cisterns, which abound in and near all the old towns. The " pools of Heshbon" are still there (Cant, vii, 4; see Murray's Handbook for S. and P. p. 298j. But the cities and villages are now deserted. Moab has no settled inhabitants. From Am- man to Kerak there is not a single village or house.…
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[2. J Again, although the variations of the seasons in Palestine may appear to us slight, and the atmosphere dry and hot, yet after the monotonous climate of Egypt, where rain is a rare phenomenon, and where the difference between summer and winter is hardly per- ceptible, the " rain of heaven" must have been a most gr…
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(6.) In the next place, Palestine is not now what it then was. The curse is upon it. Eighteen centuries of war and ruin and neglect have passed over it. Its valleys have been cropped for ages without the least at- tempt at fertilization. Its terrace-walls have been al- lowed to crumble, and the soil has washed down int…
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(5.) Few things are a more constant source of surprise to tlie stranger in the Holy Land than the manner in whicli the hill-tops are, tliroughout, selected for habita- tion. A town in a valley is a rare exception. On the other hand, scarcely a single eminence of the multitude always in sight but is crowned with its cit…
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But the hills were occupied by other edifices besides the " fenced cities." The tiny white domes which stand perched here and there on the summits of the eminences, and mark the holy ground in which some Mohammedan saint is resting — sometimes standing alone, sometimes near the village, in either case surrounded with a…
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M. Renan, in his recent report of his proceedings in Phoenicia, has named two circumstances which must have had a great effect in suppressing art or architect- ure among the ancient Israelites, while their very ex- istence proves that the people had no genius in that di- rection. These are (1) the prohibition of sculpt…
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The temperature of Damascus is lower than that of Jerusalem. The highest range of the thermometer noted was 88', the lowest 2'.)-'. The mercury rarely rises above 84= during the heat of the day. At Shumlan, on Lebanon, the highest range of the thermometer was 82° (Aug. 22); and the average of that month was 76°. Accord…
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VII. Natural History. — 1. Plants. — The various plants mentioned in the Bible are fully treated of in this work under their proper names. It is not necessary here to repeat what is said elsewhere, nor is it intended to give anything like a resume of the botany of Palestine. All that is aimed at is to give some of the …
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On the botany of Palestine the following works may be consulted : Sha^v, Travels in Barbary and the Le- vant, 1808; Hasselquist, Voyages and Travels in the Le- vant, 1766 ; Schubert, Reise, 1840 ; Kitto, Physical Hist, of Pal. ; Russell, Natural Hist, of Aleppo ; also papers in Transactions of Linn. Society, vol. xxii;…
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(5.) Insects are so numerous in some parts of the land as almost to be a plague. They include the common fly and mosquito; the bee, wasp, and hornet; great numbers of horse-flies ; many species of butterflies ; ants, spiders, grasshoppers, beetles, earwigs, and the beautiful glowworm and firefly. The most formidable o…
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On the west side of the .Jordan, opposite Bashan, are two other lava-fields. The northern has its centre about three miles north-west of Safed, near the village of Jish. Dr. Pobinson thus describes it: "We soon came out upon a high open plain; and the volcanic stones in- creased as we advanced, until they took the plac…
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PALESTINE 5V6 PALESTINE water is 98° Fahr., and emits "a fetid odor" (Robinson, iii, i)08). Next coinc the springs of Callirrhoe, near tlie mouth (if Wady Ziirka Main, ^vhich opens into the north-eastern i)art of the Dead Sea. They rise in the bottom of a sublime gorge. The base of the clifts on each side is ruddy f…
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IX. Political and Historical Geography. — It now only remains to give a brief sketch of the political divisions of Palestine under the rule of the tribes and nations which have in succession occupied it. These divisions are sometimes minutely described, frequently directly mentioned, and more frequently incidentally al…
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At the time of the Exodus, all Western Palestine was held by these Canaanitish and Philistine tribes; and the country east of the Jordan was divided into three kingdoms. On the north lay the kingdom of the giant Og, the last of the Rephaim, which extended over Ba- shan and the section of Gilead north of the Jabbok. Bet…
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Map of David's and Solomon's Enipiie. Map of Palestine after the Schism. PALESTINE 579 PALESTINE the nation and sect of the Samaritans (q. v.). A great part of Palestine — nearly the whole of the kingdom of Israel — now became a province of the Assyrian empire, and afterwards passed with it into the hands of the B…
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For more than two centuries after this period Pales- tine was the theatre of fierce contests between the shep- herd hordes of Tartary and the Mamelukes of Egypt. In 1517 it was conquered by sultan Selim, and from that time till the present it has formed part of the Ot- toman empire. 6, Pi-esent Status. — Palestine now…
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(1.) Joseph us is invaluable, both for its own sake and as an accompaniment and elucidation of the Bible narrative. Josephus had a very intimate knowledge of the country. He possessed both the Hebrew Bible and the Septuagint, aud knew them well; and there are many places in bis works which show that he knew how to comp…
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(9.) Burckhardt, Travels in Syria and ihe Holy Land (1822, 4to). With the exception of an excursion of twelve days to Safed and Nazareth, Burckhardt's journeys south of Damascus were confined to the east of the Jordan. Tliese regions he explored and de- scribed more completely than Seetzen, or any traveller till Wetste…
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(15.) De S a nicy, Vogage an tour de la ]\[er Morte, etc. (1853, 2 vols. 8vo, with Atlas of Maps and Plates, and Lists of Plants and Insects), interesting rather from the unusual route taken by the author, the boldness of his theories, and the atlas of admirably engraved maps and plates which accompanies the text, than…
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It still remains, however, for some one to do for Syria what Mr, Lane has so faithfully accomplished for Egypt, the more to be desired because the time is fast passing, and Syria is becoming every day more leavened by the \\'est. Vietvs. — Two extensive collections of Views of the Holy Land exist — those of Bartlett …
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In 1835 the subject of a Hebrew church on Mount Zion was agitated in England, and in 183(5 Mr. Nicolay- son was called to England to consult regarding it. He returned in July, 1837, and labored alone in Jerusalem for a year. In the following year the purchase of mis- sion premises was effected, and, to aid Mr. Nicolays…
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Looking at the present status of the mission at Jerusalem, we may record the following from the latest report. Besides the bishop, there are employed twenty-one persons : viz. three ordained missionaries, two unordained missionaries and superior lay agents, eight colporteurs. Scripture readers, depositaries, and assist…
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Palet. See Beth-Palet. Paletz, Stephen, a noted Bohemian divine, flour- ished during the ante-Reformation movement of the 15th century. He was at first a friend of Huss, but finally turned, and became his most violent accuser and persecutor. Of the early personal history of Paletz we have nothing at command. We first …
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Paley, William, D.D., an eminent English divine and philosopher, and one of the most noted characters of the 18th century, was born at Peterborough in the year 1743. He was descended from an old and respectable family in Craven, in the West Hiding of Yorkshire. Dur- ing his infancy his father removed to Giggleswick, in…
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PALEY 586 PALEY law of the land, and the Scriptures, as rules of action ; rejecting, after Locke, tlie notion of a moral sense, or an innate capacity of moral judgment; and defining what he means by human happiness and virtue), Paley pro- ceeds to explain the principles and to lay down the foun- dation of his system…
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may have been perpetrated in the acquisition of supreme power, when the state is once peaceably settled, and the good of its subjects promoted, obedience to it becomes a duty. On the other hand, whatever may have been the original legitimacy of the ruling authority, if it become corrupt, negligent of the public welfare…
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trated with singular ability, is briefly this : A revelation can be made only by means of miraculous interference. To work a miracle is the sole prerogative of the Supreme Being. If therefore miracles have been wrought in con- firmation of a religion, they are the visible testimony of God to the divine authority of tha…
952 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.