PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 9
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,443,801 words · 1412 reading sections
Section 721
A greater difficulty we have in fixing the pronuncia- tion according to our vowel-points, but in general the following rules may be laid down : Kamets ( ) is a, as DIX, 'A6«/i; Ol, Xa>. Pattach (_) is a, as ')~lili!;i Aapwi'. Tsere(J — rt: ibX, 'Aff,';p ; bxiC"', 'lo-paZ/X. Segnl()= 6, as -b-a'^3S, 'AftifjLuMx- Cho…
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KaTapaffSai Tii^a, Gen. V, 29. oiKTeipeii' uTTiJ Tuoe, Jer. xiii, 14. o'iKTeipeiv Tivii, Psa. iV, 2. ^etdeaiai ^lva, Job XVi, 5. iltetdtaiai Tin, Job vii, 11. 6. To these we may add : The construction of lipxea^ai and similar verbs with the infinitive, as a7rri\5e tpaitiv Kai TTieii/, Neh. viii, 12 ; KaT^/3n Xorn-ao…
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naaTo<p6ptov is used in the Sept. for the cliambers and treasures adjoining the Temple inhabited by the priests and Levites (1 Chrou. ix, 26, 33 ; Ezek. xl, 18, etc.). The iracno<j><\poi are mentioned by Clemens Alexaudrinns as a class of priests among the Egyptians. SEPTUAGINT 552 SEPTUAGINT 'Pai^xii/, in Amos v, …
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The same variations we find in adverbs, particles, proper nuiins, but more especially in certain phrases. See Thiersch, JJe Pentateuchi Versions Alexandrina (Erlangae, 1840) ; Frankel, Vorstridien der Septuaffinfa (Leips. 1841); Kaulen, Einleitung in die heiliye Schrift (Freiburg, 1876), p. 85 sq. (B. P.) SEPTUAGINT,…
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2. Gen. i, 20, where we read "Let us make man in our image (13^3213), after owr likeness (ISPlTOTD)," has been altered into "I will make man in the image (D?2i3), and in the likeness (m?aini)," to remove the appearance of polytheism. 3. Gen. ii, 2, where "And he ended on the seventh pS'^^ffiH) day" has been changed in…
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SEPTUM 554 SEPULCHRE This passover is our Saviour and our refuge ; and if ye consider and it enter into j'our heart that we shall, by a figure (h'tTi]i.tti(ij, i. e. the cross), afflict him and after- wards hope in him, this i)lace shall not be made desolate to all time, saith the Lord God of Hosts. But if ye be- li…
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2. Rites. — On this subject we should remember that our impressions, as derived from the Old Test., are those of the burial of persons of rank or public eminence, while those gathered from the New Test, regard a pri- vate station. But in both cases " the manner of the Jews" included the use of spices where they could c…
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TERIES. II. Explicit Information from Ancient Souixes as to Coiiiuhiau lomb at 1 etra. the Style of Sepulchres. — 1. From a Comparison with Early Heathen Nations. — It has been too much the fash- ion to look to Egypt for the prototype of every form of Jewish art. The Egyptian tombs at Thebes were ex- tensive excavat…
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and the ornamental form of their doorways where tliey are architecturally adorned, it is evident, except in this one instance, that they could not have been closed by stones rolled across their entrances; and consequently it seems only to be to the closing of the loculi that these expressions can refer. But until a mor…
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lUM'm///"- i v nV^nV riau i-f the Mo; Hebron. the church or mosque which now stands above the cave was erected; but there is no great reason for doubting that it is a Byzantine church erected there between the age of Constantine and that of Justinian. From such in- dications as can be gathered, it seems of the later…
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The passage in Neh. iii, IG, and in Ezek. xliii, 7, 9, together with the reiterated assertion of the books of Kings and Cbronicles, that these sepulchres were situ- ated in the city of David, leave no doid)t tbat they were on Zion (q. v.). It is quite clear, however, that SEPULCHRE 558 SEPULCHRE the spot was well k…
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Besides the kings above enumerated, Manasseh was, according to the book of Chronicles (2 Chron. xxxiii, 20) buried in his own house, which the book of Kings (2 Kings xxi, 18) explains as the "garden of his own house, the garden of Uzza," where his son Anion was burieil, also, it is said, in his own sepulchre (vcr. 26);…
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apartments open, each surrounded by deep loculi. These again possess a peculiarity not known in any other tomb about Jerusalem, of having a square apartment either beyond the head of the loculus or on one side: as, for in- stance, A A have their inner chambers, a' a', within, but B and B, at b' b', on one side. What th…
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50 FT Plan of the "Tomb of St. James." are several apartments, which in another locality we might be justified in calling a rock-cut monastery ap- propriated to sepulchral purposes, but in Jerusalem we know so little that it is necessary to pause before ap- plying an}' such designation. In the 'rear of all is an apart…
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The comparative lateness of the so-called sepulchre of Gamaliel and other rabl)iiis at IMcirAn is proved by the presence of sarcojihagi still within them (Thomson, Land and Book, i, 433), Since the destruction of Jerusalem by Titus, none of the native inhabitants have been in a position to in- dulge in much sepulchra…
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On modern Oriental usages, see Hackett, Illustrations of Scripture, p. 97-100; De Saulcy, Dead Sea, ii, 103-1C5, 170; Thom- son, Land and Book, i, 148 sq. ; Van Len- nep, Bible Lands, p. 579 sq. ; Lane, Modem Ju/i/ptiaus, i, 267, 359, etc.; and on ancient sepulture, the monographs cited by Volbe- ding. Index Programmat…
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1. Principal Door. 4. Tombof Oodfrey. 6. Tomb of Bal.lwin. 6. Tomb of Mplrhizedek. 7. Ctiaf.el of Adam and John the Bap list. 8. Tomb of Adam. 11. PI the Virtrin Mary stood while the Body was anointed. Gronnd-plnn of the Church of the Iloly Sepulchre. 13. Chapel of the Anirel. 17. Tombs of Soseph and Nicode- …
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On rcascending into the bodv of the church and np- The " Tomb of t'liiist, SEPULCHRE 566 SEQUENCE proaching the vestibule through which we first entered, we find Mount Calvary on our left. This we ascend by a narrow marble staircase of eighteen steps, formed of a single stone, a fact to which the pilgrim's attenti…
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SEPULCHRE, Ecclesiastical, a receptacle for the blessed sacrament which is reserved, among the Latins, from the mass of Maundy-Thursday. There is a good example of an Eastern sepulchre in the north chapel of the Church of St. Mary, Haddenham, in Buckingham- shire, England. SEPULCHRE, Regular Canons of, a religious or-…
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Sequestration, a term employed to signify the separating or setting -aside of a thing in controversy from the possession of both parties who contend for it. It is twofold — voluntary and necessary. Voluntary se- questration is that which is done by consent of each party ; necessary is that which tlie judge, of his own …
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4. The son of Azriel, and one of the persons charged with the apprehension of Jeremiali and Baruch (Jer. xxxvi, 26). B.C. 606. 5. The son of Neriah and brother of Baruch (Jer. li, 59, 61). He held a high office in the court of king Zedekiah. the nature of which is somewhat uncertain. In the A. V. we have, " This Serai…
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Seraphina, a keyed wind instrument, the tones of which are jiroduced l)y the play of wind upon metallic reeds, as in the accordeon. It consists, like the organ, of a key-board, wind-chest, and bellows. Serapion, bishop of Thumeos, in Egypt, called Scho- lasticiis because of liis eloquence and dialectical keen- ness, i…
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Sergestns, in Grecian mythology, was a companion of ^Mieas, who is named in connection with the sailing- match instituted by iEneas, His vessel stuck fast on a rock; but he was nevertheless rewarded with tlie gift of a female slave from the hero (Virgil, A-^nvid, i, 510 ; V, 121, etc.). Sergiots (SiiRoiETs, or SpmciiS…
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II, pope from 8-14 to 847. He contributed materially to the exaltation of the papacy by daring to disregard the requirement of seeking the confirmation of his ac- cession and consecration by the civil power, and by maintaining his position in the face of the protest raised by the emperor Lothaire against this infractio…
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the middle of his sermon, for the people to join with him in repeating the remainder of it. This was, no doubt, done to encourage the people to hear, read, and remember the Scriptures. It was a very general cus- tom for the people to show their appreciation of the sermon by public applause, manifested by words (as " or…
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way; first be reconciled, "etc Mishna,'romr> viii, 9: "R. Bleazar ben-Azariah [d. A.D. 821 says, The transgression which a man commits against God, the day of atoiiemeni expiates • but the transgression which he commits against his neighbor it does not expiate, un- less he has satisfied bis neiglibor." " But I say unt…
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positive preCept--o<ra Ilv StXnre ;Va TTOiwacv vfuvo, oiirpwTro, ovTia Kai vfxeTi noielrt avruli— Of the Divine Master." ,,,^"' ";'.i"tever may be said of the precept (Matt, vii, 12) as to its being considered as a fresh discovery in moral science, most cer- tainly Hillel cannot claim the merit of orig- inality in re.…
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II. Rules. — Sermonizing may be said to embrace the two important particulars of plan and style. 1. Plan. — Little is hazarded in saying that a good plan is essential to a good sermon. It is by no means essential that the plan be formally stated or even made perceptible to the hearer, but it is needed to guide the tho…
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it ought to produce. There remains no true unity after such divisions, seeing they make two or three differ- ent discourses, which are joined into one only by an ar- bitrary connection. Three sermons preached at differ- ent times, if they be formed upon some regular concert- ed plan, make one piece or entire discourse …
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(3.) Superadded to the general qualities of a good style, a few special characteristics vascy be named as highly desirable in the style of sermons, although with some variation of degree in accordance with subjects and occasions. No discriminating criticism of sermons can be made, apart from a proper classification of…
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2. Sardph (w)"lb, prob. hurnvig [see Seraph] ; Sept, o^iQ or SpaKdJv ; A. V. " fiery") occurs generally in con- nection with the above terra (Numb, xxi, 6 ; Deut. viii. 15), but occasionally alone (Numb, xxi, 8; Isa. xiv, 29; xxx, 6), as some peculiarly venomous species. Much has been written on the question of the "…
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Kaja tnpndiaiif. nnd Cohia di capdlo, oi Hooded ind Specttcled Isnike'- ton's Illusti-afions), excepting the authority of Herod- otus, Pausanias, and Bochart, which, with all the respect due to their names, is not now sufficient to establish the existence of a kind of serpent whose structure is con- trary to the laws …
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absolutely deaf, for he says it can hear well. This epi- thet of deafness attributed to the C. lebetinus Oedman thinks may throw light on the passage in Psa. Iviii, 5, about " the deaf adder." As regards the oyrinion of Rosennililler and otliers who recognise the pethen under the bcetan of Forskal, it may be stated tha…
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5. Epheh (ns^SX; Sept. o^ic, cKJirig, fiamXiuKOQ) oc- curs in Job XX, 16; Isa. xxx, 6; and lix, 5, in all of which passages the A. V. has "viper." There is no scriptural allusion by means of which it is possible to determine tiie species of serpent indicated by the Heb. term, which is derived from a root which signifie…
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Honied Cenibtes i^Cenistes Uastelquintii). SERPENT 579 SERPENT naturalists : " Sijfon, serpentis genus Icve, punctls macu- liscjue distinctum" — "a small kind of serpent mari^ed with dots and spots" (Golius, A rub. Lex. s. v.). " The cerastes (Cerastes H asselquistii) is brownish white, with pale -brown, irregular …
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11. The usual and proper term for "serpent" in the New Test, is o(pig, a sna/ce of any kind ; but once (James iii, 7) tpTTiTov (elsewhere " creeping thing") is thus ren- dered. More specific terms, noticed above, are da7ri<;, 'ixi^va, SpaKijjv. II. Scientijic Classification ami Characteristics. — 1. Systematical nomen…
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^ . , ,„ ..^, , curved, pointed tooth, P()isou-b;ig and Faugot Cobra, i- i • I i i , tk„c.„ ^ ^ which IS tubular, i hese two teeth, or fangs, are capable of being erected by a muscular apparatiis under the power of the animal, when they project at nearly a right angle from the jaw. The manner in which the deadly b…
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SERPENT 581 SERPENT change of form on account of the part it played in the history of the fall. The sun and the moon were in the heavens long before they were appointed "for signs and for seasons, and for days and for years." The typ- ical form of the serpent and its mode of progression were, in all probability, the…
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There was, however, another idolized snake of the great destroyer Pj'thon tribe, which devour even each other; it is represented on Egyptian monuments bear- ing a mummy figure on its tail, and gliding over a seated divinity with an egg on the head, while human sacrifice by decapitation is performed before it. This serp…
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From a modification, perhaps, of this idea of a tutela- ry genius, in Egypt and other Oriental countries a ser- pent was the common symbol of a powerful monarch. It was embroidered on the robes of princes and blazoned on their diadems to signify their invincible might; and that, as the wound inflicted by them is incura…
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"The dragon, which in the Chaldtean account of the creation leads man huo sin, is the creature of Tiamat, the living principle of the sea and of chaos, and he is ihe embodiment of the spirit of chaos, t)r disorder, which was Sacred Tree, Seated Figure on each side, and Serpent in the liackgronnd. ( From au early Babyl…
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The second commandment appeared to forbid the likeness of any living thing. The golden calf had been destroj'ed as an abomination. Now the colossal serpent (the narrative implies that it was visible from all parts of the encampment), made, we may conjecture, by the hands of Bezaleel or Aholiab, was exposed to their gaz…
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2. The Destruction of the Object (2 Kings xviii, 4). — The next stage in the history of the brazen serpent sliows how easily even a legitimate symbol, retained beyond its time, after it had ilone its work, might be- come the occasion of idolatry. It appears in the reign of Hezekiah as having been, for some undefined pe…
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What, then, are the particulars in which these acts in the Old and in the New Test, correspond ; or what are the points of resemblance implied in our Lord's words — as and even so? In our answer we must avoid the error of trying to reckon up a number of these re- semblances; and, indeed, we must look to essential cor- …
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believe that these men really possess a charm by which they thus play without dread, and with impunity, from danger. The more enlightened, laughing at this idea, consider the men impostors, and that in playing their tricks there is no danger to be avoided, it being removed by the abstraction of the poison-fangs. The en…
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Serpentinians. See Ophites. Serpent - ■worship. The extent to which this species of idolatry yhas prevailed is very remarkal)le. From the fact that Satan assumed the form of a serpent. in his temptation of our first parents, it has been adopt- ed as the symbol of Typhon, or the evil deity of the an- cient Egyptians; …
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Serry, Francois .Jacques Hvacinthe, a French theologian, was born at Toulon in 1659. He early en- tered the Order of St. Dominic, and was sent to Paris for an education, where he applied himself to philosophy and began preaching. In 1690 he went to Rome, and became theologian to cardinal Altieri, and was engaged on the…
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SERVANT OF Jehovah (fi^n'' ^^V, SovXog roij Kvpiov, "servant of the Lord," also in the phrase "my servant," etc.), a term used tropically in several senses. 1. A worshipper of God (Neh. i, 10) ; so the Israelites in general (Ezra v, 11), and Daniel in particular (Dan. vi, 21). In this sense it is applied as an epithet…
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scure and misleading, contrary to the Scriptures, and even blasphemous, as being directed against the eternal godhead of Christ; and when the book finally appeared in 1531 from the press of Conrad Rous, of Hagenau and Strasburg (under the title l>e Trinitutis Errorihus Li- bri Seplem, etc., 15 sheets, 8vo), it was cond…
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This most extensive of the works of Servetus (734 pp. 8vo) presents no thorough elaboration and sj'stematic statement of his ideas, but consists rather of a series of disconnected papers, some of them new and others emen- dations of earlier productions from his pen. It con- tains seven books De Trinitate Divina ; three…
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Such was the teaching which Servetus presented to the world as the restored truth of Cliristianity. He was incapable, from the tendency of his mind, of admitting the importance of the element of practical ethics in the scheme of Christianity, and regarded the latter as pre- eminently a system of doctrine. He speaks con…
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The opinions of the cities had all been received by Oct. 22, and were unanimous in condemning the false teachings of Servetus as not to be tolerated in the Church. The Council of Berne especially urged the use of severe measures to prevent the introduction of such errors, while the clergy of that city sought to mod- er…
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It is no longer possible to undertake an unconditional defence of the opinions by which Calvin was governed in this matter, nor of the action which resulted. Un- biassed minds are compelled to see that the reformer not only failed in this respect to rise above the errors of his time, but that in his management of the c…
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The progress of the Turkish arms proved fatal to the welfare of Servia. In 1389 Lazarus I was defeated at Kos- sovopolje, and his son and successor, Stephen, became a vassal of Turkey. In 1459 IMohammed II incorporated Servia with Turkey, excepting Belgrade, wliich was held by the Hungarians until 1521. By the treaty o…
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Education is making rapid progress in Servia. Fifty years ago there was no public primarj- school; now edu- cation is compulsory, and for its management a special ministry of education has been organized. In 1874 there were 517 public schools, with 23,000 pupils. The tirst gymnasium was established in 1830, and in 1874…
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SERVICES, DoJiESTic. The domestic officers (ser- rilia) of a monastery were the cook, baker, brewer, laundryman, and tailor. At Rochester these were ai>- pointed by the bishop. Serving Dress or Robe. See Suiiplice. Serving Tables, one of the parts of the Presby- terian sacramental service. Wliere the Presbyterians ha…
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time's among the Greeks (Becker, Charik. ii, 32). Par- ents were permitted to sell daughters (Exod. xxi, 7), but the law sliowed much favor to such servants (ver. 8 sq.), for. though there is difficulty in the statements, it is plain that they were protected against violence (see Hengstenberg, I'entat. ii, 438 sq., who…
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Servu.s Servorum Dei {Servant of the servants of God), an official title of the Roman pontiffs, in use since the time of Gregory the Great, by whom, accord- ing to his biographer, Paul the Deacon, it was assumed as a practical rebuke of the ambitious assumption of the title of " QLcumenical (or universal) Patriarch" by…
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Seth (Heb. Shelh, T:'^^, i. e. compensation ,• Sept. and New Test. 2(;:>; Joseph us, 'EijBot; [Ant. i, 2, 3]; A. V. " Sheth" in 1 Chron. i, 1 ; Numb, xxiv, 7), the third son of Adam (born B.C. 4042), and the father of Enos (when 105 years old) ; he died at the age of 912 (Gen. iv, 25, 26 ; V, 3-8 ; 1 Chron. i, 1 ; Luke…
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vaiseth up the sick, or the tree from which this oil flows, on account of the sickness of thy father? This is not to be found now. Go, therefore, autl tell thy father that after the accomplishing of 5500 years from the creation of the world, then shall come into the world the only-begotten Son of God, being made man ; …
1,331 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.