PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 9
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,443,801 words · 1412 reading sections
Section 1021
Sir'ion (Hcb. sin/on', 'CyC. in Deut., but in Psa. xxix Shiryon', ","i''~'r; .Samar. "i""-; Sam. Ver. "31; Sept. Sai'iiip: \u\q. Sarion),(inc of the various names of Mount Hermos (q. v.), that by which it was known to the Zidonians (Deut. iii, 9). The word is almost identical with that ("("'"O) which in Hebrew denotes …
1,098 wordsSECTION 1022Section 1022
Sirnanie. See Surname. Sii'5na, in Roman my thologj', is a name designating a goddess mentioned in several inscriptions in connection with Apollo Grannus. Some writers regard the name . as a local appellative of Diana, while others think that it designates a Gallic divinity. The most recent inscrip- tion was discovere…
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Sisinnius, pope, was born in Syria, and elected to the pontificate Feb. 7, 708, in place of John VII. He died twenty-eight days afterwards, and was succeeded by Constantine. See Artaud de Montor, llist. des J'apes, i. Sisson, George L., a Methodist Episcopal minister, was born in Fairfax County, Va., Jan. 5, 1811; con…
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G. A jiyustine, Sisters of a congregation of Hospitallers, were founded at Arras in 1178. Their house was broken up in 1550, but reopened in 1563 as the Hosjntal of St. John. They experienced much persecution during the Revolution; but in 1810 they were reorganized, with a slight change of their rules. 7. Calvary, Dau…
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21. St. Louis, Sisters of an order founded in 1808 by Madame Malesherbes and her daughter, Madame Mole. There are four establishments, devoted to in- struction and religious contemplation. 22. St. Madeleine, Sisteis of — This order was found- ed at Strasburg in 1225, and approved by pope Greg- ory IX in 1257. It is un…
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37. Sariou?; Good, Sisfeis of the, were founded at Caen, Normandy, in 1720 by two poor girls, who in 1730 opened asylums for homeless children and others. They were suppressed in 1789, but persevered in tlieir labor until May 22, 1805, when 15 sisters met in com- munity. They were charged with the care of insane women …
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Sietra. Sisty, John, a minister of the Baptist denomination, was born near Newark, N. J., March 26, 1783, and be- came a member of the First Baptist Church in Phila- delphia, July 4, 1803. For some years he was engaged in a suc('essful business in Philadelphia, being a manu- facturer of pocket-books. His heart being s…
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Sithsekur, in Norse mythology, the long beard, was a surname of Odin. Sit'nah (lUh. Sitnah' ,1i.yS-q ; Sept. tx^'P'a ; Jose- phus, Sirei'i'a, Ant. i, 18, 2-, Vulg. Iniinicitiie), the sec- ond of the two wells dug by Isaac in the valley of Gerar, and the possession of which the herdmen of the valley disputed with him (…
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„. ,.,. living beings. To Fiiruie of biva. ^ ,^ . renounce the joys of love is to act contrary to his will, for he himself passed a hundred celestial years in the arms of the fas- cinating Uma, an earlier form of Parvati. He conse- quently awakens all life, as he destroys it — a contradic- tion whose solution must b…
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SIXTUS 789 SKANDA TALS, Pseudo-Isidorian] are attributed to him. He was succeeded by Denis. Siztus III (St.), pope, was born at Rome about the beginning of the 5th century. He became a priest under Zosimus, whose decree against the Pelagians he wrote in 418, and to him Augustine directed his cele- brated letter on …
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Sjobu-no-sit is a martial and religious festival in which the male youth of Japan engage; the Kalamus festival. Sjugo-nitsi Adsugi Kaju Kurahi is a Japanese popular festival, observed on the fifteenth day of the first month, and in connection with which it is custom- ary to serve a favorite dish of beans. Sju-go-zin …
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Skevi-Kare, a small sect in Sweden. In 1734 a little society of Pietists, driven from Denmark and other countries, took shelter on the little isle of VVermdoc, near Stockholm. Their contempt for the established worship had drawn them into disagreeable circumstances, but in 1746 they were permitted to lix themselves on …
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Skinner, Ezekiel, a Baptist preacher, was born in Glastenbury, Conn., .June 27, 1777. He was appren- ticed to a blacksmith, but bought the last year of his apprenticeship and studied medicine. He received his license to practice medicine in 1801, and settled at Gran- ville, Mass. Here he jjrofessed religion and united …
1,005 wordsSECTION 1034Section 1034
Skjoeldr, in Norse mythology, is the name of a fa- mous Danish king who, after many con(|uests and great deeds, caused himself to be placed with his treasures on board a ship and exposed to the mercy of the winds. — Vollmer, Worterb. d. Mythol. s. v. SkoU (or Skoell), in Norse mythology, was the terrible son of Fenris…
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Slade, John, a minister of the Methodist Episco- pal Church, was born on Beech Branch, Beaufort Dis- trict, S. C, April 7, 1790. He joined the Church when about thirty years of age, and was licensed to preach in 1822. In 1823 he was admitted on trial in the Soutli Carolina Conference, and was received in fidl connectio…
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Slater (or Slatyer), William, a learned English divine and poet, was born in Somersetshire in 1587, en- tered St. Mary's Hall, Oxford, in 1(500, removed to Brasc- nose College in 1607, took his degree of Bachelor of Arts the following year, and was chosen to a fellowship. In 1611 he entered holy orders, and was benefic…
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I. Pairiai'chal Servitude. — The exact nature of this service cannot be defined : there can be no doubt, how- ever, that it was regulated by principles of justice, equi- ty, and kindness. The servants of the patriarchs were SLAVERY 794 SLAVERY of two kinds, those " boni in the house" and those "bought with money" (…
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2. Efiypiian Bondage. — The Israelites were frequently reminded, after their exode from Egypt, of the oppres- sions they endured in that " house of bondage," from which they had been delivered by the direct interposi- tion of (iod. The design of these admonitions was to teach them justice and kindness towards their ser…
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(I.) Hebrew Slaves. — (1.) The circumstances under which a Hebrew might be reduced to servitude were — («) poverty; (h) the commission of theft; and (c) the exercise of paternal authority. In the tirst case, a man who had mortgaged his property, and was unable to support his family, might sell liimself to another He- b…
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(S.) The condition of a Hebrew servant was by no means intolerable. His master was admonished to treat him, not "as a bond-servant, but as a hired servant and as a sojourner;" and again, "not to rule over him with rigor" (Lev. xxv, 39, 40, 43). The Rabbinists specified a variety of duties as coming under these general …
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The custom of reducing Hebrews to servitude ap- pears to have fallen into disuse subsequently to the Bai)ylonian captivity. The attempt to enforce it in Nehemiah's time met with decided resistance (Neh. v, 5), and Herod's enactment that thieves should be sold to foreigners roused the greatest animosity (Josephus, Ant. …
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The position of the slave in regard to religious privi- leges was favorable. He was to be circumcised (Gen. xvii, 12), and hence was entitled to partake of the Pas- chal sacrifice (Exod. xii, 44) as well as of the other re- ligious festivals (Dent, xii, 12, 18; xvi, 11, 14). It is implied that every slave must have bee…
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SLAVERY 798 SLAVERY ject, " It was," says M. Guizot, " by puttini; an end to the cruel institution of slavery that Christianity extend- ed its mild intlucnce to the practice of war; and that barbarous art. softened by its humane spirit, ceased to be so destructive" (Milman's Gibbon, i, 61). " It is not," says Robert…
1,096 wordsSECTION 1044Section 1044
Why, then, it may be asked, did not the apostles place themselves in more direct and obvious opposition to it while visiting the cities and countries of heathen nations? Why did they not everywhere denounce it and command the whole world to relinquish it? Now such questions betray a total ignorance of the whole circums…
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IV. Literature. — A calm and complete view of He- brew servitude is given in the above-mentioned treatise of Mielziner, Die Verhdltnisse der Sklaven bei den alten Hebrdern, nach biblischen und tahnudischen Quellen dar- gestellt (Copenhag. and Leip». 1859), which was trans- lated by Prof. Schmidt in the (Gettysburg) Eva…
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Having secured the suppression of the slav^e-trade, philaiithro|)ists turned their attention to efforts to se- cure the emancipation of the slave himself. After con- siderable agitation, an emancipation bill passed both houses of the English Parliament, and obtained the roy- al sanction Aug. 28, 1833. Slavery was to ce…
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SLAVERY 801 SLAVERY Egypt through all its known history. In modern slav- ery there has not been very great severity, the male black slave being treated with more consideration than the free servant. He leads a life well suited to his lazy disposition, and if discontented with his situation, can easily compel his mas…
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From the opposite point of view, Christianity is seen to be equally opposed to slavery, blasters are to treat their slaves kindly, and as brothers (Eph. vi, 9 ; Col. iv, 1; Philem. 1(5). In practice, the early Christians were accustomed to give freedom to their slaves, and to pur- chase the freedom of the slaves of oth…
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The earliest negro slaves were introduced into Eu- rope b}' the Portuguese, though Spanish historians claim the unenviai)le distinction for their own nation; and these nations likewise introduced them into Amer- ica. The first slaves found in an En;:lish colony were obtained by Virginia from a Dutch vessel in 1(520. Th…
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SLAVIC MYTHOLOGY 803 SLAVONIC VERSIONS lations and privilecfes. This did not arise from any hostility or desire to oppress on the part of the Cluirch, but rather from the necessity of respecting the legal rights of the master. 1. They were debarred from the privilege of ordination, for the reason that, being orig- i…
1,195 wordsSECTION 1051Section 1051
Slavonic Versions. Under this head we shall have to speak of difi'erent versions, all belonging to one and the same family. The oldest of; these is — 1. The Slavonic Version, which was executed during the 9th century by Cyril (q. v.) and Methodius (q. v.), the first missionaries to the Slavonians, and who, con- trary …
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4. Bohemian Veision. — It seems that the greater part of a Bohemian version of the Scriptures was ex- tant at the close of the 14th century. When Hu.ss be- gan to preach against the evils of Rome, the several portions of Scripture that had been translated into Bohemian were for the first time collected together. After …
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Church, unless it desire to abide by its custom of using the ancient Slavonic and quoting from that, might easily bring Dani^iij's version into conformity with its rules. The Catholic Church may do the same. ... It is not worthy of praise that, with so many bishops of both churches, it shoidd have been left to the Brit…
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8. Slovakian Version. — This dialect is spoken in the north-west of Hungary. It approximates closelj' to the Servian, but has been greatly influenced by the Bohemian, which the Slovaks have adopted as their literary language. A translation of the Bible, made by the canon G. Palkowic, was printed in 1831. 9. Biil'/aria…
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SLEEP 807 SLEIDAN Test, now in circulation has the title Navjas Tesfn- mentas miisu Wieszpaiiis ir Iszganytojo lezaus Kiislaus i sietuwiszk(ije Kulbii iszwerstas. Up to March 30, 1878, the British and Foreiirn Bible Society had distributed 13,000 Bibles and 53,111 New Tests, with the Psalms. 14. Samogitian Version …
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Sleeper, Joseph Jonathan, a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, was born in Yincenttown, N. J., Jan. 24, 1793, and was converted Aug. 31, 1812, imiting with the Methodist Episcopal Church in Bur- lington. In 1823 he received a local preacher's license, and in 1837 was admitted into the New Jersey Con- ference. …
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Slidrugtanni, in Norse mythology, was a sur- name of the golden boar, Gullin Bursti, made by the dwarfs. Slidur, in Norse mythology, was one of the Eli- vogs, rivers wliich tiow from the well Hoergelmer. Slime is the constant rendering in the A. V. of the Heb. "T^iPI, chemur, the kommiir of the Arabs, translated rt(T…
1,049 wordsSECTION 1058Section 1058
SLING 809 SLITH He tells us, moreover, that it was used for cement, and that bronze vessels and statues and the heads of nails were covered with it (Pliny, xxxv.ol). The bitumen pits by the Dead Sea are ilescribed by the monk Hro- cardus (^Descr. Terr. Siinct. c. 7, in Ugolino, vi, 1044). The Arabs of the neighborho…
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Later in the monarchy, slingers formed part of the regular army (2 Kings iii, 25), though it would seem that the slings there mentioned must have been more ponckrous than in earlier times, and that those which could break down the fortifications of so strong a place as Kir-haraseth must have been more like the engines …
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Sluice is in Isa. xix, 10 the improjior rendering of the A. V. for "iDb, seker, hire (" reward," in Prov. xi, 18). Sluyter, RiniAiJi), a minister of the Reformed (Dutch) Church, born at Nassau, N. Y., 1787. He grad- uated at the New Brunswick Tiieological Seminary in 1815, and became ])astor at Claverack, Columbia Co.…
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Smalley, John, D.D., a Congregational minister, was born in Lebanon, Conn., June 4, 1734; graduatecl at Yale College in 1756 ; studied theology under the Rev. Joseph Bellamy ; was ordained pastor of the New Britain Society, Berlin, Conn., April 19, 1758; and died June 1, 1820. He was a distinguished theologian, and 'a …
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rerning which, see Maliill Xnwil. p. 8.jO s().), con- uiitute all of tbe works of Smaragdus which have been prejierved to us. 2. A friend and pn|>il of Iknedict of Aniane. whoso real name was Ardo. Having witnessed the death of H<nedici, he was ap|»ointe.l to write ids biograpliv (see the work, liV/i ,V. Ilennlicti A…
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which are the i)r;iyers of the saints" (Kev. v, 8) Caltnet. Smernitza, in Slavic mythology, was an appari- SMET 813 SMITH tion whose coming always occasioned the decease of persons who were sick. The phantom was invisible to the dying themselves, but neighbors might observe it skulking about and tinally entering …
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^^i'O'O, masger, smith, occurs in 2 Kings xxiv, 14, 16; Sept, cri'yicXtiaij/ ; Jer. xxiv, 1 ; xxix, 2 ; Vulg. clusor, or inclusor. Buxtorf gives •' claustrarius, faber ferra- rius." The root "ilD, to close, indicates artisans "with busy hammers closing rivets up," which suits the con- text better than other renderings,…
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Smith, Anson C, a minister of the Methodist Episcoj^l Church, was bom in Hridgewater, X. H., Dec. 20. 1810. and made profession of religion in 1831. He entered the ministry in 1834 as local preacher, and was ailmitled into the New Hampshire Conference in 183.5, receiving onlination as deacon in 18;)7. and as elder in …
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Smith, Azariah, jM.D.. a minister of the Congre- gational Church, was born in iManlins, N. Y., Feb. IG, 1817. From a verj' early age he was kept at school, studying, in addition to the ordinary branches, algebra, Latin, and Greek. In the spring of ISo-l he entered the freshman class in Yale College. In 1835, during a r…
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Smith, Beujamin Coleman, a Presbyterian minister, was lic.rn in Windsor. Vt.. May, 1800. He was ethicatcd in tlie liloomlicld Academy, N. J.; gradu- ated at the Theological Seminary at Ani)urn, N. Y. ; anti was lit-ensed by Wimlsor Con^^rl'^'ational Association, Vt.. anil ordained by the same in is;j(;. He was chap- Ia…
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Smith, Charles Mouzon, a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, Soutli, was born June 28, 1841, and joined the Church wlien he was sixteen. He was licensed to preach in 1859, and the same year en- tered the (ieorgia Conference. In 18()2, because of the al)sence of his senior preacher, a chaplain in the South- ern …
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Smith, Edward, an Irish prelate, was born in Lis- burn, Comity <if Antrim, in 1()(>5, and was educated at the University of Didjlin, of which he was elected a fellow in 1684. In 1089 he went for safety to England, and was recommended and appointed chaplain to the fac- tories of the Smyrna Company at Constantinople and …
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Smith, Elijah, a minister of the ^lethodist Epis- eopiil (hurcli. was born in Newport, N. Y., Sept. 4, 1797. He united with the Church in 18"2(t. and in 1832 was ad- mitted on trial into the < )noida Conference. His effect- ive ministry closed in 18.j.% He was a member of the IHack Kiver Conference at the time of his d…
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Smith, George (2\ a minister of the Methodist Kpisccipal Church, was born in Hampshire Co.. Va.. in IHin, but was removed in early life to Ohio. In 18.30 he was licensed as a local preacher, and joined the Ohio Conference in 1833. He was ordained deacon in 1835 and ehler in 1830, at the first session of the Detroit Con…
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odist Episcopal Church, was born near Frederick City, Md.j April 23, 1769. He was admitted into the Church as a seeker of religion in 1790, and soon after experienced a change of heart. In August, 1793, he was licensed to preach, and in the following October was admitted on trial into the conference held in Baltimore. …
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Smith, Henry F., a minister of the Methodist Epiwopiil Cbunh, South, was born Dec. 21, 1«I8, and entered the Florida Conference in 1857. He died in Ocola. Marion Co., ria.,.linH! 12, I8(i4. He was a Chris- tian of deep and ardent piety, and an excellent preach- er. .Set .Miiiiitis of Annual Conferences of the M. E. Ch.…
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Smith, Isaac (2), a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, was born in \Vilmington, Vt., Nov. 1, 1817. He first joined the IMethodist Episcopal Church, but relapsed into a backslidden state. At the age of twenty-one was reclaimed and imited with tlie Baptist Church. He was educated at Oberlin, O., and at New- bury…
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Smith, James Bradford, a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, was born in War- ren Co., Ga., and united with the Church in 1836. He SMITH 822 SMITH received license to preach in 1845, ami in 1846 joined | the CJeortjia ConlVrence. His last appoiiitnu-iit was Ogletliorin', wliire liis brief ministry cl…
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Smith, John (4), D.D.. a Congregational minister, was born in Newbury ( Bytield Parish), Mass., Dec. 21, 1752. He entered the junior class in Dartmouth Col- lege in 1771, graduating in 1773, and immediately after was ajipointed prece|)tor of iNIoor's Scho<d at Hanover. While occupying this position, he studied theology…
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(whose handwriting the papers show), who was heard for three successive days at the bar of the House in sup- port of them. So decided was the influence of the strug- gle in Virginia as to procure the withholding from the Federal Constitution of all power to erect a religious es- tablishment of any kind. Dr. Smith's onl…
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Smith, John Pye. D.O., LL.D., F.H.S., an emi- nent I'.Mgli^b Presbyterian divine, was born in Shef- tield. May 25, 1774. He was educated at the Indepen- dent Academy at Kotherham, was ordained to the min- istry in the Independent Church, and, without entering upon the regular work, he accepted the appointment of reside…
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Smith, Joseph (3), D.D., a minister of the Presby- terian Church, was born in Westmoreland County, Pa., July 15, 1796. He entered .lefferson College and was graduated in IS!."). From thence he went to Princeton Theological Seminary, where he graduated in 1819. He was ordained and commenced ])reaching in Vir- ginia, whe…
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Smith, Moses, D.D.. a minister of the IMethodist Episcopal Church, was born in Chatham County, N. C, Feb. 28, 1817. When two years old, his parents moved to Highland County, O., where he was converted, and united with the Chnrcli. He graduated from Augusta College in August, 1842 ; was licensed to preach, Jan. 31, 1843…
1,107 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.