PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 9
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,443,801 words · 1412 reading sections
Section 1201
srEE 918 SPEC EL Mnniincr spectres arc callcil '^"I'^'^eS in the Targiim (Psa. <-xxi. C)^ Amoii}; the iiijilit spectres (coinp. JIatt. xiv, iCi; similar was the (ireck l-^mpiiga [see the Sclio- liast on Arisi..|.li. l{ati.-29b\ VoKken, Dittir. p. 132; Bern- liarilvi-ii Di.Miys. /'<(•(.//. p. 721 J) was the l.iUth.n …
947 wordsSECTION 1202Section 1202
Speece, CoNnAn, a Presbyterian minister, was born in tlie town of New London, Bedford Co., Va., Nov. 7, 177(5. Being engaged in agrictdtiiral pursuits until 1792, he had little early educational advantages, but afterwards studied at a grammar-school near New Lon- don and at Washington College. In the contempla- tion of…
912 wordsSECTION 1203Section 1203
Spence, Robert W., a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, was born INIay 11, 1824, in South Carolina. He first joined the Presbyterian Church, but this being dissolved in his neighborhood, he then united with the JMethodist. He was licensed to preach, and joined the Alabama Conference in 1849. After a suc…
1,180 wordsSECTION 1204Section 1204
Spencer. John, a learned English divine, was a native of IJoctoii-uinler-Hlean, in Kent, where he was baptized Oct. 31, 11)30. lie was educated at Canter- biiry.aiid admitted to Corpus Christi College, Candiridge, March 25,1 045. taking his A.B.in 1G48,A.M. in lC,V2,and being chosen fellow in 165.5. He became a tutor, …
1,122 wordsSECTION 1205Section 1205
SPENCER 921 SPENER iiciim Potteries, and was seen soon after by one of the workmen to be carried rapidly by tlie tide around a projectiii,^ rock beyond the reach of help, and after vain- ly struggling he sank to rise no more. His b<idy was recovered fifty minutes afterwards. Every effort that kind friends and medica…
1,044 wordsSECTION 1206Section 1206
Spener had in the meantime acquired reputation as a zealous promulgator of strict Lutheran teachings ; and as he was endowed with great prudence and modesty, and was always willing to share in the burdens of the min- istry, he was able to avoid unpleasant controversy for a time, even in that polemical age. The calm was…
1,015 wordsSECTION 1207Section 1207
request having been acceded to, Spener removed to Ber- lin in April, 1691, and was made consistorial-councillor and provost of St. Nicolai Church. The house of Brandenburg was at this time commit- ted to the policy of toleration in religious matters, and none of its members were directly interested in Spener's work. T…
915 wordsSECTION 1208Section 1208
Spener was inferior to none of his contemporaries in theological culture and acumen. His ability as an ex- egete is attested by his sermons and his valuable book Gemissbrauchte Bibelspriiche (1093). In systematic the- ology he was thorough and eminently clear, though hampered by the formalistic methods of his time. It …
1,028 wordsSECTION 1209Section 1209
See VfidcU, 8t7-eitigkeiten iimerli(tlh der hith. Kirche; Canstein, Lebensheschreihiinf/ Sjieiiers (1740); Stein- metz, in his cd. of Spener's minor works (1746 ) ; Knapp, Lehen u, Chtiracter einiger frotnmen Manner cles vvrigen Jnhrhunclerts (1829); Hossbach, Lehen Spener's (2d ed. 18.')3); Thilo, Sjiener cils Kcitec/…
973 wordsSECTION 1210Section 1210
On his flight through Moravia, Speratus was request- ed by the abbot of the Dominican convent at Iglau to accept the position of preacher to the convent church. He accepted, but, to the great surprise of his patron, at once began to preach the Gospel, and with a success that won the town-councillors and citizens in a b…
1,082 wordsSECTION 1211Section 1211
It appears that the lot of Speratus was not without anxieties growing out of a meagre income, so that he complained of poverty, which the duke was not in haste to relieve; but after he had determined to resign his office and depart to other lands his request for a better support was at length gratified in the donation …
1,240 wordsSECTION 1212Section 1212
ette found a dromos which led to a temple built, at the time of the 4th dynasty, of huge blocks of alabaster and red granite. In the midst of the great chamber of this temple were found seven statues, five mutilated and two entire, of the monarch Shaf-ra, or Chephren, made of a porphyritic granite. They are fine exampl…
1,096 wordsSECTION 1213Section 1213
2. Nelvth (rsrp) occurs twice in the book of Gen- esis, and no doubt indicates a product of Sj'ria, for in one case we find it carried into Egj'pt as an article of commerce, and in another sent as a present into the same country. Thus, in Gen. xxxvii, 25 we read, " Be- hold, a company of Ishmaelites came from Gilead wi…
936 wordsSECTION 1214Section 1214
3. Sammim (S'^^O ; Sept. tjCvcrf^ta, »;^r(T//(Jc, apiofia, ^vftia^ta ; Vulg. siutre fnifinms, boni odorh. gratissi- mus.aromatd ; A. V. '"sweet" in connection with "spice" or " incense") is a general term to denote those aromatic substances which were used in the preparation of tlie anointing oil, the incense offerings…
955 wordsSECTION 1215Section 1215
Spicer, Torias, a distinguished minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, was born at Kinderhook, N. Y., Nov. 7, 1788. His conversion took place in Octo- ber, 1803, and soon after he united with the Church. He was admitted into the New York Conference at Pittsfield, Mass., May 20, 1810. He received the ordi- nation o…
906 wordsSECTION 1216Section 1216
The craft and apparent treachery of its actions; -its ferocity even to its own kind; tiie dark, sombre colors; the hairiness; and in many species the swollen, bloated form of the abdomen ; the repulsive aspect of the head and mouth; and, in particular, the fatality of the venom injected by those formidable fangs — suff…
1,071 wordsSECTION 1217Section 1217
Spieker, Ciikistian' Wit.HKi.M, a Protestant di- vine of (iermany, was born .\pril 7, 17;^0, at Branden- burg. He studied at Halle, where in 1804 he was also instructor at the pKdagogiimi. In 1800 he was made professor of theologv and deacon at Frankfort-on-the- Oder, in 1818 superintendent and first pastor, and died t…
1,096 wordsSECTION 1218Section 1218
Spies (Numb, xxi, P. See Atiiaimm. SPIESS 931 SPIKENARD Spiess, Heinrich, a German painter, was born in Muiiicli, May 10, 1832. He completed liis studies un- der Kaulbach, assisting him in his cartoon of The C'ru- sudvrs. In 1855 he was employed liy Kaulbaeli in deco- rating the Wartburg, and was one of the school …
996 wordsSECTION 1219Section 1219
Spikenard (T^3, nerd; vapSog), a far-famed per- fume of the East that has often engaged the attention of critics, but the plant which yields it has onh- been ascertained in very recent times. That the naj-d of Scripture was a perfume is evident from the passages in which it occurs. Cant, i, 12, "While the king sitteth …
1,122 wordsSECTION 1220Section 1220
Indian Spikenard {Xardostachys jataviansi). rianew, v/h\ch has been named Nardostachys jntamnnsi by De Candolle, and formerly Pattiniti jaftimrnm by Mr. Dow, from jilants sent home by Dr. Wallich fr(»m Gos- samtham, a mountain of Nepal ( Fenny Cychtp. art. " Spikenard ;" Koyle, Illiist. Ilinuil. Bot<iny, p. 242 ). Hen…
998 wordsSECTION 1221Section 1221
of the conflicts the Christians were obliged to sustain against the Saracens. The work was tirst |)ublished anonymously, and was in time attributed, i)ut errone- ously, to the Dominican Bartholomew Spina (died 1546; see Zedler, Uninrsid- Lexikon) and others. For a thorough characterization of the work, see R. Simon, Bi…
940 wordsSECTION 1222Section 1222
Spinola, ('iiuisroi-ifKic Ho.ias i>e, a Roman Cath- olic iiiiionist of the I7tb cenliiry, was ffeneral of the Order of |-'raiicis^-ans in Madriil, then confessor of the emprest Tlieresa (wife (.f Leopold I) of Austria, and linally bishop of Wiener- Neustadt. He <lied March 12, l»".'.t."». lie was a skilful diplomatist …
1,321 wordsSECTION 1223Section 1223
I. Life. — Baruch van Spinoza was born at Amster- dam, then the great commercial city of Holland, on Nov. 24, 1632. It was a strange nativity for a philos- opher. He was a q\ieer product in the land of dikes and canals, polders and docks, and in a community of money-making Dutch traders. The time, too, was a strange on…
995 wordsSECTION 1224Section 1224
" See what a rent the envions Casca made !" Corruption and violence having ecpially failed to pre- vent .Spinoza's desertion of the synagogue, he was sol- emidy cut off from the chosen people. The excommu- nication seems to have severed him from the members ipf his own family, and he was reduced entirely to his own re…
1,094 wordsSECTION 1225Section 1225
Spinoza was stnall in frame, lean, sickly, and for twen- ty years threatened with consumption. Hishabils were always singularly abstemious, but care and walchful- ness in regard to his diet were reipiired in his later life. Death came to him gently and unexpected. One Sun- day, in February, 1(>77, when his hosts return…
1,362 wordsSECTION 1226Section 1226
" he sihove the rest. In shape and gestuic pinndly eminent. . . . h\ merit iiiised To that bad eminence." We cannot enter into the details of tins treatise, signifi- cant as they are. Tiiey are not Spinoza's |)hilosophy, though they are concomitants of his philosophy. The treatise, though first in order of publicatio…
827 wordsSECTION 1227Section 1227
ognised. He only pushed the Cartesian method and the Cartesian doctrine to their furthest conscciuences. There are two leading dogmas of Des Cartes — one con- cerned with his method, the other with his doctrine. The former is that a clear idea is a true one, since the mind contains within itself the germs of truth, in …
1,067 wordsSECTION 1228Section 1228
Everything is thus swallowed up in the Divinity. God is all, and all is God — not interchangeably, for that would be materialistic theism, which is practical athe- ism ; but with the precedence and exclusivencss of the divine, and that is idealistic pantheism. Things are not preordained, or predetermined, or prearrange…
965 wordsSECTION 1229Section 1229
SPINSTER 940 SPIRE 1785); riiilipstni, /.</x-H li.von Spinoza rMannli. 1700); Wv'inv, Hti-.dts Ihtix Moiiilf,<, Nov. 1834; Jliirtiii, J>iii^. de I'hiL Ji. de Spiiiuza (^I'ar. 183G); Auerbacli, Spinoza, ein hist. Jtoniun (Stult-;. 1837) ; id. Spinoza, ein Denker- Leben (Mamih. 1855) ; Thomas, Spinoza <//»• Metaphysi-…
929 wordsSECTION 1230Section 1230
Rinpretend en ISOO SPIRE 941 SPIRES i\ ihoipe, CU.1320. formed round them at different heights; tlie opening's also were more enrich- ed, and tlie pinna- cles on the angles of the tower were enlarged, and were not unfrequently connected with the spire by small Hy- ing buttresses. Fine examples of this style are th…
1,034 wordsSECTION 1231Section 1231
SPIRES 942 SPIRES c«»mnii-5<i<incrs introducoil instructions, dated ^farcli 23, wIulIi (iroliihinMl tluMn I'nrni aivi'ptini,' any action on tlie part oC the diet that did not liarinoiiizc with the traihtional cUntrinos and usaices. and recinired them to I>roni<>to the execution of the Edict of Worms. The elector of …
1,139 wordsSECTION 1232Section 1232
The recess of the diet was issued April 22 in the form already described: and three days later the Prot- estant ])rinces and delegates assembled in the house of Peter ^luderstatt, deacon of St. .John's, to draw up — in behalf of themselves, their subjects, and all who should thereafter receive the Word of God — an .ipj…
925 wordsSECTION 1233Section 1233
The diet was opened by the emperor in person, with an address reciting the needs of the empire with refer- ence to its foreign foes, and promising that every means should be employed to elevate the chamber into a sup- port of public order. The Protestants refused to permit their grievances to be put off without redress…
996 wordsSECTION 1234Section 1234
a. The race of superhuman created intelligences. Such beings are denominated spiritual beings because ihey have no bodies like ours. To both the holy and the sinning angels the term is applied. In their orig- inal constitution their natures were alike pure spirit. Tlie apostasy occasioned no change in the nnture of the…
914 wordsSECTION 1235Section 1235
A second iiupiiry which arises has to do with the manner in which the race is derived from the first pair whom (iod created. All agree that it is by propagation under the terms of the original endowment ((ien. i, 2?<), and with tlie steady co-operatimi of (iod. But in the original creation of man, (iod formed the body …
920 wordsSECTION 1236Section 1236
iNTEKMEniATE StATE. The soul accordingly attains its consummation in the body, which was also the beginning and basis of the personality. Corporeity' is thus the end of the ways of God, as it was the beginning in the clay from which man was formed. The three Catholic creeds close with the words "the resurrection of th…
902 wordsSECTION 1237Section 1237
1. In the earliest period of Jewish history the Holy Spirit was revealed as co-operating in the creation of the world ((ien. i. 2). as the Source, Giver, and Sustain- er of life (Job xxvii, 3; xxxiii,4; <.Jen.ii,7); as resist- ing (if the common interpretation be correct) the evil inclinations of men (vi, 3); as tiie S…
943 wordsSECTION 1238Section 1238
OF. Perhaps it was in order to correct the grossly defec- tive conceptions of the Holy Spirit which prevailed com- monly among the people, and to teach them that this is the most awful possession of the heirs of the kingdom of heaven, that our Lord himself pronounced the strong condemnation of blasphemers of the Holy …
1,019 wordsSECTION 1239Section 1239
That this work of the Spirit is a real work, and not a mere imagination of enthusiasts, may be shown (1) from the words of Scripture to which reference has been made, which are too definite and clear to be exfdained away by any such hypothesis; (2) by the experience of intelligent Christians in every age, who are ready…
992 wordsSECTION 1240Section 1240
2. The divinity of the Holy Ghost is proved by the fact that he is called (iod. (Comp. 1 Sam. xvi, 13 with xviii. 12 ; .\cts v, 3 with v, 4 ; 2 Cor. iii, 17 with Exod. xxxiv, 34: Acts xxviii, "io with Isa. vi,8; Matt, xii, "28 with Luke xi, 20; 1 Cor. iii, lt> with vi, 19.) The attri- butes of (Jod are ascrilx-d to him…
977 wordsSECTION 1241Section 1241
But we greatly err if we suppose that this gift was limited to the apostles or to preachers. In the account of the first effusion it is explicitly stated that all pres- ent partook of it (Acts ii, 4); namelv, the entire num- ber of the one hundred and twenty disciples, includ- ing men and women (i, 14, 15). The tniiver…
1,057 wordsSECTION 1242Section 1242
their subjects, unusual frames of mind and special inspi- rations, but some of tliem speak the ordinary language of private devotion. The Kphesian converts, therefore, must obviously have meant that they did not expect for themselves what they were entirely familiar with in past history as the privilege of a few favore…
954 wordsSECTION 1243Section 1243
The acts on (Jod's part in conversion are essentially two, justification, or the pardon of sni. which takes i)lace in the divine mind; and refjeneration, which is also an initial sanctitication, and takes place in the human soul. These two co-ordinate elements are inseparable from the very beginning of any true religio…
1,146 wordsSECTION 1244Section 1244
(i. It will not be inferred, as has already been in- timated, that such baptisms are limited to any special times or places or occasions. They may come in the solitary and silent meditation of the closet; but we be- lieve that they are more fre()uently experienced in the social exercises of "the connnunion of saints." …
922 wordsSECTION 1245Section 1245
SPIRIT (Holy), Testimony of. See Witness of the Holy Ghost. SPIRIT (Holy), Work of. See Spirit, Holy. Spirit-rappings. See Spiritualism. Spirits, Discerning of. See Discerning of Spiuits. Spirits in Prison (1 Pet. iii, 18-20). This topic is introduced by the apostle in connection with the suf- ferings of Christian…
1,104 wordsSECTION 1246Section 1246
To Sinn up, then, it ajipears to us clear^and we are iiKt 111 be befogged by transcendental speciil;ilicins abdiit the assumed caiiabiliiies of the invisible world — that the preaching of Christ through Noah to his contempo- raries during the respite before the Hood, by virtue of the Holy .Spirit, is eminently appropri…
911 wordsSECTION 1247Section 1247
4. Tlie Court of lliyli Commiaxion originated in the Act of Supremacy, passed in 1559, which empowered queen Elizabeth to choose commissioners who might exercise supreme juristhction in spiritual or ecclesiasti- cal matters. The court so formed claimed a pre-emi- nence over the ordinary courts of the bishops. The rack …
1,078 wordsSECTION 1248Section 1248
4. Side by side with this^iarallel arrangement of the gifts, the apostle places in another series of parallels the a;i<ncii by which each of these is produced and sus- tained. The two series maj* be tabtdated thus: Chnrisniata (given bv) the Spirit. Minif^tries (directed i)y) I he Lord. Eflecis produced l)y liie Fatli…
938 wordsSECTION 1249Section 1249
human experience to bear on the illustration of divine truth. Henderson takes aoipin to be comprehensive of "the sublime truths of the (Jospel directly revealed to the apostles, of which the Xoyof was the supernatural abilitv rightly to communicate them to others;" and by ycwaic the ]i<)ssession by divine communication…
1,023 wordsSECTION 1250Section 1250
Before entering on the consideration of these views, it may be well to state accurately the various peculiari- ties of this gift. These may be gathered from the state- ments of the apostle. From these we learn that it was a gift of the Spirit (1 Cor. xii, 11, 28, .30); that it be- longed only to some in the Church (ver…
1,206 wordsSECTION 1251Section 1251
SPIRITUAL GIFTS 956 SPIRITUALISM speak at once? or tli.l they speak one after ilie other? ir the fiirnuT, woiiUI n<«t the eoiilusiim of soiiiuls be such as to reiuler their s|)eiikin{; a mere Habel? if the latter, woulil not a lonj;er time have been requisite for the whole to t^peak than tlie comlitions of the narra…
920 wordsSECTION 1252Section 1252
Spiritual Relationship is one effected throngh some religious or spiritual act — such, for example, as that between godparents and godchildren. Spirituales (or Spirituals) is the name given to the stricter party of the Franciscans. Elijah of Cor- tona attem|)ted, especially after the death of St. Fran- cis, to soften …
1,126 wordsSECTION 1253Section 1253
ierli/ Journal nf Science, Jan. 1874, some of the phenom- ena exhibited in repeated exjieriments with the medi- ums I). D. Home and Kate Fox are thus classified: 1. The movement of heavy bodies with contact, but with- out mechanical exertion; 2. 'I'he phenomena of percus- sive and other allied sounds; 3. The alteration…
931 wordsSECTION 1254Section 1254
Spirituality, in the ecclesiastical aflfairs and lan- puai^e iif the Church of Kngland, is a term for the whole iHPily of tiie clergy, derived from the spiritual nature of the (iltice wliicli they hold. Spirituality ok (Jod is his immateriality, or be- ing without body. It expresses an idea made up of a negative part …
1,072 wordsSECTION 1255Section 1255
SPITTING 959 SPITTLEB from his alma mater, together with an honorary testi- monial in recognition of his signal lidelity to the Church. In 1859 he was once more transferred to a new field of labor, but was attacked with gastric fever soon after his removal, and died of heart-disease Se|)t. "IS. As a clergyman, Spitt…
1,268 wordsSECTION 1256Section 1256
SPITZXER 900 SPOIL and actions of those who aspired to rule the Church and of the ci>n>i*M|iu'in-i'.s wliich ri'suhi'd to tlie mass of the governed. He did not assume to determine what con- stitutes (.'hristianity, and he traced hack events to a source in the purposes of individuals; hut his peculiar attitude t;rew …
964 wordsSECTION 1257Section 1257
Spoil (represented by many Heb. and several Gr, words in our version). See Akhothinion ; Bootv. The modern Arab nomads, or Bedawin, live in great part on the plunder of caravans or single travellers, and do not regard the trade of robbers as dishonorable (Arvieux, Descr. iii, 220 sq.; Niebidir, Bed. p. 382 sc].; INIaye…
906 wordsSECTION 1258Section 1258
Sponge (^Spongia ojjicintdis} consists, in the state in I which we are familiar with it, of an irregular network of minute fibres of a clear horny substance, branching and anastomosing at minute intervals, and in every di- rection, so as to form a highly porous and elastic mass, the general form of which is that of a …
905 wordsSECTION 1259Section 1259
II. Oriffin of the Office. — This has been traced by some writers to the institutions of Judaism, and by others to those of the lioman civil law. Neither the Old nor the New Test, contains any allusion to the presence of wit- nesses at cirqumcision, nor is there any trace of sponsors or witnesses to be found in any of …
910 wordsSECTION 1260Section 1260
7. A law of .Justinian {Cod. lib. v, tit. 4, De Kvptiis, leg. xxvi) forbids any man to marry a woman, whether she be slave or free, for whom he had been godfather in baptism when she was a child. The Council of Trullo (can. 53) forbids the godfather not only to marry the infant, but the mother of the infant, for whom h…
936 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
Project Gutenberg source record →
Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.