PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 9
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,443,801 words · 1412 reading sections
Section 1141
'6. The fame of .Solomon spread northward and east- ward to Persia. At Shiraz they showed the INIeder- Suleiman, or tomb of Hatii-sheba, said that Persepolis had been iniilt by the .linns at his connnand, and point- ed to the i'akht-i-Suleiman (Solomon's tlirone) in proof. Through their spells, too, he made iiis wonder…
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SOLOMON'S PORCH 813 SOMA "Pools of Solomon." (Prom a photograph.) former tunnelling the hill, and the latter passing near the surface by way of Bethlehem (see Ordnance Survey of Jerusalem, Notes, p. 80 sq.). See Pool. SOLOMON'S PORCH, a name given in Scripture to two very different structures in Jerusalem : (o) Th…
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Somascbians, Tiik Oudku ok. The Somaschi- ans arc ;! religions order in the Church of Kome, and their congregations rank with the most important in- stitutions called into being by the effort to retard the progress of the Protestant Keformation in the 16th century. The name is derived from the solitary ham- let of Soma…
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Sommer- or Summer-beam, a main beam or girder in a tloor. etc. ; a name now seldom used except in the compound breast-summer. Sommer, Pkteij Niciioi.as, a Lutheran minister, was born in Hamburg. (Jermany, .Ian. 9. 1709. He re- ceived a thoroMgh cl.'issical and professional education, and on the com|iletion of his cour…
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In addition to these senses in which the word son is used in Scripture, there are others which show the ex- treme looseness of its application. So when we read of sons of the bride-chamber (Matt, ix, 15 ; ]\Iark ii, 19) it merely indicates the youthful companions of the bridegroom, as in the instance of Samson. And whe…
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The authority of parents, esi)ccially the father, over children was very great, as was also the reverence en- joineil by the law to be paid to parents. The disobedi- ent child, the striker or reviler of a parent, was liable to ca|)ital punishment, though not at the independent will of the parent. Children were liable …
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We are therefore decidedly of opinion that by " sons of God" in the narrative of Genesis is meant, as the great body of the best interpreters have understood it, a se- lect class of men on earth, those who belonged to the line that had maintained in a measure the true filial relationship to God (the Sethites). Though f…
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SON OF GOD 878 SOX OF GOD of G<h1 or have received from him the adoption, that they become members of the kingdom (John i, 12. 13; iii, 3, 5; Cial. iii, o, etc.); ami the ii\>inl is conferred ujKin them, not wiih a kind of secrecy and reserve, but in the full plenitude of grace, and expressly as the spirit of sonshi…
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The mistake of the .Jews respecting the person of Christ did not come of itself; it sprang from superficial views of the work of Christ. The national king of Is- rael, such as they had come to anticipate in the Jles- siah, might have been a mere man only sjiecially as- sisted by God. There was nothing in the contemidat…
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It may be regarded as certain that in so frequently choosing for himself the designation of "the Son of man" (in all fidly fifty times), our Lord had respect to the representation in Daniel. It was the title under which, with a few rare exceptions, he uniformly spoke of himself; and it is remarkable how, when acquiesci…
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Song (prop. i^Tl", shir, i^crj). Songs were gener- ally used on occasions of thanksgiving and triumpli, as the song of Moses at the deliverance from Piiaraoh and his host (Exod. xv, 1); the song of Israel at the well of Bt-er (Numb, xxi, 17); the song of Moses, in Deuteronomy (eh. xxxii); that of Deborah (Judg. v, 12);…
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SONNA 881 SONSHIP OF CHRIST scriptural characters well know that it is almost impos- sible to trace the withors or dates of these sacred leg;ends. Neither can the language in which they were originally written be always ascertained. These legends grew with the nation; they accompanied the Jews into their wanderings,…
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1. Dependence of the Son. — The name implies the Son's dependence on the Father, and this relation of dependence lies also at the basis of other scriptural ex- pressions relating to Father and Son, e. g. " Image of the invisible God," " Word of God," etc. The depen- dence of Jesus on the Father is expressly taught in 1…
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Soofea. See .SOkis. BooL Sie SixxA. Soothsayer (COp, loH-m, Josh, xiii, 22; else- where "diviner;" "JriS, tiifoncii, Isa. ii, 6; Mic. v, 12 [ Hib. U]; elsewhere "enchanter," "sorcerer;" Chald. ns, '/'in'z, Dan. ii, 27; iv, 7 ; v, 7, 11 ; fiavrtvofiat, "Booths:iyin(.'." Acts xvi, ICi). See Divination. Soothsaying in …
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Sophia. This name occurs frequenth- in the cata- logues of saints and martyrs of the ancient Church, but in no instance with historical authentication. 1. A Christian widow, living at Rome under Hadrian, about A.D. 120, with her daughters Fides, Spes, and Charitas. Accused before the pnefect Antiochus. they made joj'o…
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3. Possibly identical with No. 1, is mentioned in Photius's Bibl. Cod. v as having written a Liber pro Basiiio adv. Eunnmium. The name is also found in lists of the patriarchs of Alexandria and Constantinople. See Fabric. Bibl. Grwc. (ed. Harl.), ix, 158 sq. Sor, in Persian mythology, is the personification of a deadl…
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hut when deposed in 937, Saadia hen- Joseph was again incumbent 937-942 When Saadia died, the deposed anti-gaon was airaiu elected 942-94S But with Saadia's death the last snu-et light of the Soranic academy had passed away; and the dilapidated state of that once so famous school obliged Joseph beu-Satia to relinqu…
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The principal source of the reputation in which the school was held, and of the influence it exercised over school, Church, and State, and particularly over theol- ogy and philosophy, is to be found in the fact that many docteurs and bucheliers of the house associated themselves with the teachers as resident guests, an…
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so R BONNE 886 SOREK Church in matters of thooloprj'. Political interferences, which could not be wholly avoided in the condition of alTain*. linally undermined its influence. It released the suhji-cts of Henry III from their alle};iance, and its preachers counselled" nsistance. to the degree of regi- cide. It decla…
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So'rek (Heb. Sorek', pl^ib, red; Sept. ^wpi]K [in some copies compounded with a part of the preceding word]), the name of a valley (5n3, wady) in which lay the residence of Delilah (Judg. xvi, 4). It appears to have been a Philistine place, and possibly was nearer Gaza than any other of the chief Philistine cities, sin…
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Sortes Biblicae. See Soothsaying, Sortes Sacrae {holy lots), a species of divination which existed among some of the ancient Christians. See Soothsaying. Sortilegi, a name for those among the ancient heathens who foretold future events by the sortes, or lots. Sosano Vono Mikoto, in Japanese mythology, is the moon-…
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Soter CEmrijp, Savior), in Grecian mytholofry, was a surname of Jupiter, and also of Hacchus and Helios (I'ausan. ti, 20, 5; 31, 4; iii, 2.S. C; iv, 31, 5; viii, 9, 1 ; 80, 5; 31, 4; Aristoph. liau. 1433; Pliny, //. iV. xxxiv, «; I'lutarch, Aratits, 53; Lycoph. 20G). It was a title likewise assumed by some of the Ptole…
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SOTO 8S9 SOUL ber of minor works, he composed, besides those already given, De Jnstitia et Jure Libri I'//, etc. (Salam. 1556) : — Sententiarum Comment, s. de Sucramentis (1557 and 1560) : — a Commentary on the Gospel uccordinr/ to St. Matthew, not printed : — a treatise f>e Ratione Promid- gandi Eeam/i'lium, etc. S…
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Soul (prop.ri!l"i, TTVti'jua, the rational s\Ar\i; but oc- casionally t'S3, ^i'x>)i the animal principle of life), that vital, immaterial, active substance, or principle, in man whereby he perceives, remembers, reasons, and wills. The rational soul is simple, uncompounded, and imma- terial, not composed of matter and f…
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the form of the soul : and birth, life, and death are but the diverse conditions of the soul. The conception of soul can only be reached by deductions" (Kant, \'orle- sunrjen ilber Metaphysik, p. 133-254; \Verke,\u, 00-78). "The what of the soul, its nature, comes as little into view as does the essential nature of thi…
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On the general subject, see Baxter, On the Soul; Drew, Immateriality and Immortidity of the ISonl; Dod- dridge, Lectures, p. 92-97 ; Flavel, On the Soul; Locke, On the Understandiny ; iVIoore, Immortality of the Soul ; Ueberweg, Hist, of Philosophy. See Si'IKIT. SOUL, Immateriality of. See Imjiateriality. SOUL, Ijimo…
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SOUL 692 SOUL-SLEEP esis, which will shortly be noticed, was rcceiveil with much approLaiioii l)y rrotostniits. Still many distiii- fruishtil LiitlK-ran teachers of t lie 17th century toUoweii Melanctlu.n in his views concerning this doctrine — e. i;. G. Calixtiis. In the Kefornieil Church, the hypothesis which we a…
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Soul-niass, mass for the dead. Soul-papers. See SorL-cAKEsj. Soul's-cot, or Soul's Scot, the payment made at the grave to the parish priest in whose church the service for the departed had been said. Soul-seat, that place where the friends of a de- parted Christian, in the jMiddle Ages, offered alms, at or near the …
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Bordering on the errors of soul-sleep and soul-death is the monstrous doctrine of a soul-migration, or metemp- sjjchosis (q. v.), accompanied by no recollections of any former state, inasmuch as it postulates a previous sleep, or even death (see Lange [J. P.], Positive Dofjmatik, p. 1258, etc.). This conception transce…
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Sourdis, Henri i>'Ksroini.K.\r ok, a French prel- ate, brother of the preceding, was born in Ib'M. and was earlv proviiled with several considerable benefices, and in l(J"i'J succeeded his brother as archbishop of Htjrdeaux. He was ass«>ciated with Itichelieu in State allairs, but ultimately became involved in troubles…
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2. Dli'n. darom, which, according to Gesenius, is a word of uncertain derivation. It is in the Sept. ren- dered by \ii\i, Dent, xxxiii, 23; by 7'(')roc, Eccles. i, 0; XI. 3; Ezek. xl, 24. 27, 28, 44, 45;" xii, 11 ; and by S«- XrtiTfTa, Ezek. xiii, 18; Vulg. "meridies," "auster," "au- stralis." " ventus australis," This…
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South Country (333, Neyeb, south, or, according to Buxtorf, Parkhurst, and Gesenius, arid or dry country). There was a certain tract of country or portion of Pales- tine which was variously designated as " the South," "the South Coimtry," or "the Land of the South." It was so called whether it lay to the south or to th…
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South Side, the side of an altar on the south or epi-ile side: ili.'ii part of the altar at which the priest, ilurint' the Mass, wiys or singB the collects and the epis- tle for ilie day. See S<ji'Tn Knd. Southcott, Joanna, a noted enthusiast, was born nlN,ui I7.'i<i at (Mdisliam, in Devonshire. She was the dnugbier o…
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man whom she names. One night she heard a noise as if a ball of in)n were rolling down the stairs three steps, and the Spirit afterwards, she says, told her this was a sign of three great evils which were to fall upon the land — the sword, the plague, and the famine. She af- lirms that the then late war and the extraor…
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South-sea Islanders. See Polynesia. Southwell, Nathaniel. See Sotwell, Na- thaniel. Southvrell, Robert, an English Jesuit, was born at Horsham, St. Faith's, Norfolk, in 1560. He was ed- ucated at Donai, and became a Jesuit at Rome in Octo- ber, 1578. In 1585 he was appointed prajfect of the PLnglish college there, an…
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8, 20) supposes this proliibition to be based on the re- pugnancy of nature to intermixture, but there would appear to be a further object of a moral character, viz. to impress on men's minds the general lesson of purity. The regulation offered a favorable o|iportunity for llab- binical refinement, the results of which…
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The Atotnists, on the other hand, held to an empty space, arguing (1) that motion requires a vacuum; (2) that rarefaction and condensation are impossible with- out empty intervals of space; and (3) that organic growth depends on the penetration of nutriment into the vacant spaces of bodies. Aristotle held that "space i…
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Spada, Giambattista, brother of Bernardino, born at Lucca, Aug. 27, 1597, likewise became an eccle- siastic, and was made governor of Rome in 1635, presi- dent of the Romagna in 1644, cardinal in 1652, and bishop of Rimini and Palestrina. He died in Rome, Jan. 23, 1675. Spada, Orazio Filippo, brother of Fabrizio, he- …
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I. J'/ii/jiiriil Ak/mcI. — Spain has an extended coast- line, it being not far from IKIO miles in length, of which 770 miles belong to the Meililerrauean and GOO miles to the Itny of liis<;ay and the Atlantic. A part of this coasi-liue is moimtainous, ami a part of it, espe- cially to the south-west, is low and swampy,…
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early period on the coasts of Spain, founding such places as Tartesus (the Tarsliish of the Uil)le) and (Jades, now Cadiz. Next came the Carthaginians, who succeeded in gradualh- subduing no small part of Andalusia, and brought it under subjection to Carthage, B.C. 238. Then followed the conquest of Spain by the Roman …
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3. Our survey of the history of Spain from the over- throw of the Moors, in the reign of Ferdinand and Isa- In-lla, down to the present time must necessarily be rapiil. The condition of the conquered race was made exceedingly wretched, worse even, as it would seem, than was that of the Christians while under the Sara- …
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SPAIN 903 SPxVIN half-century. The story of the reign of queen Isabella II is full of interest, but it is too long to relate in a brief article like this. It must suffice to say that from tlie time when she was ileclareil to be of age, Nov. 8, 1843, down to her tliglit to France, on the defeat of ihe royal army at A…
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V. The authorities to which the general reader is referred on matters relating to the history, etc., of Spain are very numerous. Among English and American writers are Ciibbon, Robertson, Hallam, Prescott, Irving, and Ticknor, whose Spanish Literature (N. Y. 1854) holds a place acknowledged even by Spanish writers to b…
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either ilirectly or by means of c isel nnd inHuence. In liiernture his aiientioii was fixe.l print ipallv on his- torical studies, pjirliiiilarly on the hislorv of (iernianv; and he v.t«U; rhri^lli,!,, IMi;;iom-lla,i,i,l,ur /{./lf/ioi,x. uirhm, beginning in 1518 Csiihse.pienlly i.ublished by Cyprian under the title It…
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Spalding, Josiah, a Congregational minister, was born at Flainfield, Conn., Jan. 10, 1761. He graduated at Yale College in 1778; was ordained at Uxbridge, Mass., Sept. 11, 1782; dismissed in 1787, After dismis- sion he was installed at Washington, Mass., and in 1794 | at Bucklaiui, Mass., where he died, May 8, 1823. " …
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Spangler, Isaac, a minister of the JNIethodist Epis- copal Cliurch, South, was for many years a member of the Virginia Conference of the Methodist Protestant Church. In 1854 he was transferred to its Alaltama Conference, and after serving that charge he was en- gaged in secular pursuits until 18()9. In that year he was…
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SPANHEIM 90; SPARK ployed the leisure afforded him in that station for the stud}- of German national law and the history of the Konian emperors. He also wrote upon these subjects. lie visited Italy and studied numismatics, and became acquainted with Christina of Sweden and with Sophia, the mother of duke George of H…
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Spanish Version. See Romanic Versions. Spariantis, in Grecian mythology, was a daugh- ter of the Spartan Hyacinthus, who was sacrificed in Athens at the grave of the Cyclop Gyraestus (ApoUod. iii, 15, 8). Spark (liT'S, kidod, so called from being stmck off; yi:i'^3, nitsots, so called from shining, Isa. i, 31 ; 3"'3d…
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BlKD. 1. Numerous Species. — It was reserved for later natu- ralists to discriminate the immense variety of the small- er birds of the passerine order. Excepting in the cases of the thrushes and the larks, the natural history of Aristotle scarcely comprehends a longer catalogue than that of Moses, Yet in few parts of…
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The chats {SaxicoUe), represented in Britain by the wheatear, whinchat, and stonechat, are very numerous in the southern parts of the country. At least nine species have been observed, and b\' their lively motions and the striking contrast of black and white in the plumage of most of them, they are the most attractive …
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There are four or tive simple methods v{ fowling prac- ticed at this day in Palestine which are probably iden- tical with those alluded to in tlie Old Test. The sim- | plest. but by no means the least successful, among the I dexterous i$edawin, is fowling with the throw -stick. ! The only weapon used is a short stick, …
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Although we have evidence that dogs were used by the ancient Fygyptians, Assyrians, and Indians in the chase, yet there is no allusion in Scripture to their be- ing so employed among the Jews, nor does it appear that any of the ancients emjiloyed the sagacity of the dog, as we do that of the pointer and setter, as an a…
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at INIarion, also laboring as a missionar\' in South Ala- bama Presbytery. In 1853 he settled in Pensacola, Fla., where he remained until 1861-62. \fhen he re- moved to Cahaba, Ala., where he died, Nov. 10, 1867. See Wilson, Presb. Hist. Almanac, 1868, p. 369; David- son, IJist. of Presb. Ch. in Ky. p. 40. (J. L. S.) …
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4. The diflicidty of fixing the date of the first corre- sponilence is increased by tiie recurrence of tlie names involved. Two kings bore the name Areus, one of whom reigned B.C. 3()9-2G.^, and the other, his grand- son, died H.C. 257, being only eight years old. The same name was also borne by an adventurer who occu-…
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2. Apparently lighter than the preceding, and in more than one passage distinguished from it, was the kidon ("jn^r), to which the word "javelin" perhajis best answers (Ewald, Wnrfspiess'). It would be the ap- propriate weapon for such manoeuvring as that described in Josh, viii, 14-27, and could with ease be held out- …
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The Assyrian monuments likewise exhibit specimens of heavj'-armed soldiers e(|inp- ped with shield and spear. Ancient Assyrian Spear- See Spearman. man. SPEAR, Holy, a lance with a serpent twined about it, carrying a lantern for the new fire on Easter-eve. Spear, Eli.jah, a minister of the INIethodist Epis- copal Cli…
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SPECIAL CONFESSION 915 SPECIES Ancient Greek and Roman Spears. 1. With a ball instead of a spike at the butt : 2. With a shaft having a loop to assist in mounting ; 3, 4, 5. Frequent forms of the point. terms j'aciilnm and spiculum (ciKwr, aKovTiov), which probably denoted darts, we find the names of various otli-…
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In 1774 lord Monboddo, a Scotch jurist, hazarded the proposition that man is but a highly <levelope(l baboon — a proposition whieli has since made his name the laugh- ing-stock of the literary world. About the close of the last century two French philoso]iliers (l)e Maillct and La Marck) endeavored to establisli the pr…
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It is admitted that the position is not confirmed by geological evidence, inasmuch as the many intermedi- ate liidis which must necessarily have existed between the various species are not found in the geological for- mations. There is no such finely graduated organic chain revealed by geology; for the groups of animal…
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Let us now bestow a few words upon the facts ar- rayed above as warranting a concurrence in the evolu- tion theory. We are ourselves amazed that the acute and learned writer who clearly presents them did not perceive their utter insufficiency as proof of the posi- tion taken. The evidence from geology is little more th…
946 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.